arXiv subjects

Arnaud Guillin

Publications and source records attributed to Arnaud Guillin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2019

Poincar{é} and logarithmic sobolev inequalities for nearly radial measures

If Poincar{é} inequality has been studied by Bobkov for radial measures, few is known about the logarithmic Sobolev inequalty in the radial case. We try to fill this gap here using different methods: Bobkov's argument and super-Poincar{é} inequalities, direct approach via L1-logarithmic Sobolev inequalities. We also give various examples where the obtained bounds are quite sharp. Recent bounds obtained by Lee-Vempala in the logconcave bounded case are refined for radial measures.

math.FA↗

arXiv2019

The Kinetic Fokker-planck Equation With Mean Field Interaction

We study the long time behaviour of the kinetic Fokker-Planck equation with mean field interaction, whose limit is often called Vlasov-Fkker-Planck equation. We prove a uniform (in the number of particles) exponential convergence to equilibrium for the solutions in the weighted Sobolev space H 1 ($μ$) with a rate of convergence which is explicitly computable and independent of the number of particles. The originality of the proof relies on functional inequalities and hypocoercivity with Lyapunov type conditions, usually not suitable to provide adimensional results.

math.AP↗

arXiv2019

Geometric ergodicity of the bouncy particle sampler

The Bouncy Particle Sampler (BPS) is a Monte Carlo Markov Chain algorithm to sample from a target density known up to a multiplicative constant. This method is based on a kinetic piecewise deterministic Markov process for which the target measure is invariant. This paper deals with theoretical properties of BPS. First, we establish geometric ergodicity of the associated semi-group under weaker conditions than in [10] both on the target distribution and the velocity probability distribution. This result is based on a new coupling of the process which gives a quantitative minorization condition and yields more insights on the convergence. In addition, we study on a toy model the dependency of the convergence rates on the dimension of the state space. Finally, we apply our results to the analysis of simulated annealing algorithms based on BPS.

math.PR↗

arXiv2019

Persistence in the Moran model with random switching

The paper is devoted to the study of the asymptotic behaviour of Moran process in random environment, say random selection. In finite population, the Moran process may be degenerate in finite time, thus we will study its limiting process in large population which is a Piecewise Deterministic Markov Process, when the random selection is a Markov jump process. We will then study its long time behaviour via the stochastic persistence theory of Benaïm \cite{benaimpersistence}. It will enable us to show that persistence can occur, i.e. asymptotic coexistence of all species, when there are enough switching possibilities. This is true even if one species has never a predominant selection.

math.PR↗

arXiv2019

Uniform Poincar{é} and logarithmic Sobolev inequalities for mean field particles systems

In this paper we establish some explicit and sharp estimates of the spectral gap and the log-Sobolev constant for mean field particles system, uniform in the number of particles, when the confinement potential have many local minimums. Our uniform log-Sobolev inequality, based on Zegarlinski's theorem for Gibbs measures, allows us to obtain the exponential convergence in entropy of the McKean-Vlasov equation with an explicit rate constant, generalizing the result of [10] by means of the displacement convexity approach, or [19, 20] by Bakry-Emery technique or the recent [9] by dissipation of the Wasserstein distance.

math.PR↗

arXiv2018

On the Poincar{é} constant of log-concave measures

The goal of this paper is to push forward the study of those properties of log-concave measures that help to estimate their Poincar{é} constant. First we revisit E. Milman's result [40] on the link between weak (Poincar{é} or concentration) inequalities and Cheeger's inequality in the logconcave cases, in particular extending localization ideas and a result of Latala, as well as providing a simpler proof of the nice Poincar{é} (dimensional) bound in the inconditional case. Then we prove alternative transference principle by concentration or using various distances (total variation, Wasserstein). A mollification procedure is also introduced enabling, in the logconcave case, to reduce to the case of the Poincar{é} inequality for the mollified measure. We finally complete the transference section by the comparison of various probability metrics (Fortet-Mourier, bounded-Lipschitz,...).

math.PR↗

arXiv2018

On the Simpson index for the Moran process with random selection and immigration

Moran or Wright-Fisher processes are probably the most well known model to study the evolution of a population under various effects. Our object of study will be the Simpson index which measures the level of diversity of the population, one of the key parameter for ecologists who study for example forest dynamics. Following ecological motivations, we will consider here the case where there are various species with fitness and immigration parameters being random processes (and thus time evolving). To measure biodiversity, ecologists generally use the Simpson index, who has no closed formula, except in the neutral (no selection) case via a backward approach, and which is difficult to evaluate even numerically when the population size is large. Our approach relies on the large population limit in the "weak" selection case, and thus to give a procedure which enable us to approximate, with controlled rate, the expectation of the Simpson index at fixed time. Our approach will be forward and valid for all time, which is the main difference with the historical approach of Kingman, or Krone-Neuhauser. We will also study the long time behaviour of the Wright-Fisher process in a simplified setting, allowing us to get a full picture for the approximation of the expectation of the Simpson index.

math.PR↗

arXiv2018

Couplings and quantitative contraction rates for Langevin dynamics

We introduce a new probabilistic approach to quantify convergence to equilibrium for (kinetic) Langevin processes. In contrast to previous analytic approaches that focus on the associated kinetic Fokker-Planck equation, our approach is based on a specific combination of reflection and synchronous coupling of two solutions of the Langevin equation. It yields contractions in a particular Wasserstein distance, and it provides rather precise bounds for convergence to equilibrium at the borderline between the overdamped and the underdamped regime. In particular, we are able to recover kinetic behavior in terms of explicit lower bounds for the contraction rate. For example, for a rescaled double-well potential with local minima at distance $a$, we obtain a lower bound for the contraction rate of order $Ω(a^{-1})$ provided the friction coefficient is of order $Θ(a^{-1})$.

math.PR↗

arXiv2018

An Elementary Approach To Uniform In Time Propagation Of Chaos

Based on a coupling approach, we prove uniform in time propagation of chaos for weakly interacting mean-field particle systems with possibly non-convex confinement and interaction potentials. The approach is based on a combination of reflection and synchronous couplings applied to the individual particles. It provides explicit quantitative bounds that significantly extend previous results for the convex case.

math.PR↗

arXiv2017

Quantitative Harris type theorems for diffusions and McKean-Vlasov processes

We consider $\mathbb{R}^d$-valued diffusion processes of type \begin{align*} dX_t\ =\ b(X_t)dt\, +\, dB_t. \end{align*} Assuming a geometric drift condition, we establish contractions of the transitions kernels in Kantorovich ($L^1$ Wasserstein) distances with explicit constants. Our results are in the spirit of Hairer and Mattingly's extension of Harris' Theorem. In particular, they do not rely on a small set condition. Instead we combine Lyapunov functions with reflection coupling and concave distance functions. We retrieve constants that are explicit in parameters which can be computed with little effort from one-sided Lipschitz conditions for the drift coefficient and the growth of a chosen Lyapunov function. Consequences include exponential convergence in weighted total variation norms, gradient bounds, bounds for ergodic averages, and Kantorovich contractions for nonlinear McKean-Vlasov diffusions in the case of sufficiently weak but not necessarily bounded nonlinearities. We also establish quantitative bounds for sub-geometric ergodicity assuming a sub-geometric drift condition.

math.PR↗

arXiv2017

Entropic multipliers method for langevin diffusion and weighted log sobolev inequalities

In his work about hypocercivity, Villani [18] considers in particular convergence to equilibrium for the kinetic Langevin process. While his convergence results in L 2 are given in a quite general setting, convergence in entropy requires some boundedness condition on the Hessian of the Hamiltonian. We will show here how to get rid of this assumption in the study of the hypocoercive entropic relaxation to equilibrium for the Langevin diffusion. Our method relies on a generalization to entropy of the multipliers method and an adequate functional inequality. As a byproduct, we also give tractable conditions for this functional inequality, which is a particular instance of a weighted logarithmic Sobolev inequality, to hold.

math.PR↗

arXiv2017

Dimensional improvements of the logarithmic Sobolev, Talagrand and Brascamp-Lieb inequalities

In this work we consider dimensional improvements of the logarithmic Sobolev, Talagrand and Brascamp-Lieb inequalities. For this we use optimal transport methods and the Borell-Brascamp-Lieb inequality. These refinements can be written as a deficit in the classical inequalities. They have the right scale with respect to the dimension. They lead to sharpened concentration properties as well as refined contraction bounds, convergence to equilibrium and short time behaviour for the laws of solutions to stochastic differential equations.

math.PR↗

arXiv2017

Particles Systems and Numerical Schemes for Mean Reflected Stochastic Differential Equations

This paper is devoted to the study of reflected Stochastic Differential Equations when the constraint is not on the paths of the solution but acts on the law of the solution. These reflected equations have been introduced recently by Briand, Elie and Hu (arXiv:1605.06301) in the context of risk measures. Our main objective is to provide an approximation of solutions to these reflected SDEs with the help of interacting particles systems. This approximation allows to design a numerical scheme for this kind of equations.

math.PR↗

arXiv2017

New sharp Gagliardo-Nirenberg-Sobolev inequalities and an improved Borell-Brascamp-Lieb inequality

We propose a new Borell-Brascamp-Lieb inequality which leads to novel sharp Euclidean inequalities such as Gagliardo-Nirenberg-Sobolev inequalities in R^n and in the half-space R^n\_+. This gives a new bridge between the geometric pont of view of the Brunn-Minkowski inequality and the functional point of view of the Sobolev type inequalities. In this way we unify, simplify and results by S. Bobkov-M. Ledoux, M. del Pino-J. Dolbeault and B. Nazaret.

math.PR↗

arXiv2017

Moderate deviations for bipower variation of general function and Hayashi-Yoshida estimators

We consider the moderate deviations behaviors for two (co-) volatility estima-tors: generalised bipower variation, Hayashi-Yoshida estimator. The results are obtained by using a new result about the moderate deviations principle for m-dependent random variables based on the Chen-Ledoux type condition. In the last decade there has been a considerable development of the asymptotic theory for processes observed at a high frequency. This was mainly motivated by financial applications , where the data, such as stock prices or currencies, are observed very frequently. As under the no-arbitrage assumptions price processes must follow a semimartingale, there was a need for probabilistic tools for functionals of semimartingales based on high frequency observations. Inspired by potential applications, probabilists started to develop limit theorems for semimartingales. Statisticians applied the asymptotic theory to analyze the path properties of discretely observed semimartingales: for the estimation of certain volatility functionals and realised jumps, or for performing various test procedures. We consider X t = (X 1,t , X 2,t) t$\in$[0,T ] a 2-dimensional semimartingale, defined on the filtred probability space ($Ω$, F , (F t) [0,T ] , P), of the form

math.PR↗

arXiv2016

Hitting times, functional inequalities, lyapunov conditions and uniform ergodicity

The use of Lyapunov conditions for proving functional inequalities was initiated in [5]. It was shown in [4, 30] that there is an equivalence between a Poincar{é} inequality, the existence of some Lyapunov function and the exponential integrability of hitting times. In the present paper, we close the scheme of the interplay between Lyapunov conditions and functional inequalities by $\bullet$ showing that strong functional inequalities are equivalent to Lyapunov type conditions; $\bullet$ showing that these Lyapunov conditions are characterized by the finiteness of generalized exponential moments of hitting times. We also give some complement concerning the link between Lyapunov conditions and in-tegrability property of the invariant probability measure and as such transportation inequalities , and we show that some "unbounded Lyapunov conditions" can lead to uniform ergodicity, and coming down from infinity property.

math.PR↗

arXiv2015

Equivalence between dimensional contractions in Wasserstein distance and the curvature-dimension condition

The curvature-dimension condition is a generalization of the Bochner inequality to weighted Riemannian manifolds and general metric measure spaces. It is now known to be equivalent to evolution variational inequalities for the heat semigroup, and quadratic Wasserstein distance contraction properties at different times. On the other hand, in a compact Riemannian manifold, it implies a same-time Wasserstein contraction property for this semigroup. In this work we generalize the latter result to metric measure spaces and more importantly prove the converse: contraction inequalities are equivalent to curvature-dimension conditions. Links with functional inequalities are also investigated.

math.PR↗

arXiv2015

From a Kac-like particle system to the Landau equation for hard potentials and Maxwell molecules

We prove a quantitative result of convergence of a conservative stochastic particle system to the solution of the homogeneous Landau equation for hard potentials. There are two main difficulties: (i) the known stability results for this class of Landau equations concern regular solutions and seem difficult to extend to study the rate of convergence of some empirical measures; (ii) the conservativeness of the particle system is an obstacle for (approximate) independence. To overcome (i), we prove a new stability result for the Landau equation for hard potentials concerning very general measure solutions. Due to (ii), we have to couple, our particle system with some non independent nonlinear processes, of which the law solves, in some sense, the Landau equation. We then prove that these nonlinear processes are not so far from being independent. Using finally some ideas of Rousset [25], we show that in the case of Maxwell molecules, the convergence of the particle system is uniform in time.

math.PR↗