arXiv subjects

Arvind Rajaraman

Publications and source records attributed to Arvind Rajaraman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2020

New Solutions for Rotating Boson Stars

It has been shown that scalar fields can form gravitationally bound compact objects called boson stars. In this study, we analyze boson star configurations where the scalar fields contain a small amount of angular momentum and find two new classes of solutions. In the first case all particles are in the same slowly rotating state and in the second case the majority of particles are in the non-rotating ground state and a small number of particles are in an excited rotating state. In both cases, we solve the underlying Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson equations that describe the profile of these compact objects both numerically as well as analytically through series expansions.

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arXiv2020

On the Calculation of Invariant Tensors in Gauge Theories

We present an efficient method for finding the independent invariant tensors of a gauge theory. Our method uses a theorem relating invariant tensors and D-flat directions in field space. We apply our method to several examples-- SO(3) with symmetric tensors, SU(2) with a dimension 4 representation, and SU(3) with matter in the sextet-- and find the set of independent invariant tensors in these theories.

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arXiv2020

How to produce antinuclei from dark matter

We show how to produce antideuteron, antihelium, and other antinuclei in large fractions from the decays of a new particle $ϕ$ that carries baryon number. Close to threshold, the production of nuclear bound states is preferred over the decay into individual nucleons, effectively decoupling antinuclei and antiproton fluxes and allowing the former to dominate, in clear contrast to antimatter production via coalescence. $ϕ$ can either form dark matter itself or be produced by it, and can give rise to a potentially testable amount of antinuclei.

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arXiv2020

Self-Interacting Dark Matter With a Neutrinophilic Scalar Mediator

We examine the phenomenology of a simplified model of fermionic dark matter coupled to a light scalar mediator carrying lepton number 2. We find that the mediator can be very light and still consistent with laboratory and cosmological bounds. This model satisfies the thermal relic condition for natural values of dimensionless coupling constants and admits a mediator in the $10 - 100 ~\text{MeV}$ mass range favored by small scale structure observations. As such, this model provides an excellent candidate for self-interacting dark matter.

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arXiv2019

An Emergent Solution to the Strong CP Problem

We construct a theory in which the solution to the strong CP problem is an emergent property of the background of the dark matter in the Universe. The role of the axion degree of freedom is played by multi-body collective excitations similar to spin-waves in the medium of the dark matter of the Galactic halo. The dark matter is a vector particle whose low energy interactions with the Standard Model take the form of its spin density coupled to $G \widetilde{G}$, which induces a potential on the average spin density inducing it to compensate $\overlineθ$, effectively removing CP violation in the strong sector in regions of the Universe with sufficient dark matter density. We discuss the viable parameter space, finding that light dark matter masses within a few orders of magnitude of the fuzzy limit are preferred, and discuss the associated signals with this type of solution to the strong CP problem.

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arXiv2019

Dark Matter Through the Quark Vector Current Portal

We consider models of light dark matter coupled to quarks through a vector current interaction. For low energies, these models must be treated through the effective couplings to mesons, which are implemented here through the chiral Lagrangian. We find the rates of dark matter annihilation and decay to the light mesons, and find the expected photon spectrum from the decay of the hadrons. We compare to current and future observations, and show that there is a significant discovery reach for these models.

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arXiv2018

B Anomalies and Leptoquarks at the LHC: Beyond the Lepton-Quark Final State

Leptoquarks provide some of the simplest explanations to the hints of lepton flavor non-universality in $B$ decays. In particular, a new confining gauge group can provide a natural and appealing origin for the leptoquarks. So far, direct collider searches have been based on two body decays, namely to a quark and a lepton. We study how composite dynamics can give rise to additional states resulting in modified collider signatures of leptoquarks, as well as new production modes in cascade decays of heavier states. Instead of the standard signature, each leptoquark can result in as many as four jets and a lepton. We reinterpret relevant ATLAS and CMS searches to set limits on this scenario, show how this can relax the current bounds, and propose ways to better constrain this class of models in the future. For example, we show that a leptoquark related to the $R_{D^{(*)}}$ anomaly could still be as light as 500 GeV.

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arXiv2018

The $τ$ Magnetic Dipole Moment at Future Lepton Colliders

The magnetic moment of the $τ$ lepton is an interesting quantity that is potentially sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model. Electroweak gauge invariance implies that a heavy new physics contribution to it takes the form of an operator which involves the Higgs boson, implying that rare Higgs decays are able to probe the same physics as $a_τ$. We examine the prospects for rare Higgs decays at future high energy lepton (electron or muon) colliders, and find that such a project collecting a few ab$^{-1}$ would be able to advance our understanding of this physics by roughly a factor of 10 compared to the expected reach of the high luminosity LHC.

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arXiv2018

On Profiles of Boson Stars with Self-Interactions

Under the influence of gravity, light scalar fields can form bound compact objects called boson stars. We use the technique of matching asymptotic expansions to obtain the profile for boson stars where the constituent particles have self-interactions. We obtain parametric representations of these profiles as a function of the self-interactions, including the case of very strong self-interactions. We show that our methods agree with solutions obtained by purely numerical methods. Significant distortions are found as compared to the noninteracting case.

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arXiv2018

Invariant Tensors in Gauge Theories

Invariant tensors play an important role in gauge theories, for example, in dualities of N=1 gauge theories. However, for theories with fields in representations larger than the fundamental, the full set of invariant tensors is often difficult to construct. We present a new approach to the construction of these tensors, and use it to find the complete set of invariant tensors of a theory of SO(3) with fields in the symmetric tensor representation.

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arXiv2018

Towards an Analytic Construction of the Wavefunction of Boson Stars

Light scalar fields can form gravitationally bound compact objects called boson stars. The profile of boson stars in the Newtonian limit is described by the Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson equations. We present a semi-analytic solution to these equations and construct the profile of boson stars formed by a non-interacting scalar field. Our solution is stable with respect to numerical errors and has accuracy better than $10^{-6}$ over the entire range.

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arXiv2016

$H \rightarrow τ^+ τ^- γ$ as a Probe of the $τ$ Magnetic Dipole Moment

Low energy observables involving the Standard Model fermions which are chirality-violating, such as anomalous electromagnetic moments, necessarily involve an insertion of the Higgs in order to maintain $SU(2) \times U(1)$ gauge invariance. As the result, the properties of the Higgs boson measured at the LHC impact our understanding of the associated low-energy quantities. We illustrate this feature with a discussion of the electromagnetic moments of the $τ$-lepton, as probed by the rare decay $H \rightarrow τ^+ τ^- γ$. We assess the feasibility of measuring this decay at the LHC, and show that the current bounds from lower energy measurements imply that $13~\rm{TeV}$ running is very likely to improve our understanding of new physics contributing to the anomalous magnetic moment of the tau.

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arXiv2016

de Sitter Space is Unstable in Quantum Gravity

Graviton loop corrections to observables in de Sitter space often lead to infrared divergences. We show that these infrared divergences are resolved by the spontaneous breaking of de Sitter invariance.

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arXiv2015

Baryon Number as the Fourth Color

We propose an extension of the Standard Model in which baryon number is promoted to be part of a non-Abelian gauge symmetry at high energies. Specifically, we consider the gauge group SU(4) x SU(2)_L x U(1)_X, where the SU(4) unifies baryon number and color. This symmetry is spontaneously broken down to the Standard Model gauge group at a scale which can be as low as a few TeV. The SU(4) structure implies that each SM quark comes along with an uncolored quark partner, the lightest of which is stabilized by the generalized baryon number symmetry and can play the role of dark matter. We explore circumstances under which one can realize a model of asymmetric dark matter whose relic abundance is connected to the observed baryon asymmetry, and discuss unique signatures that can be searched for at the LHC.

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arXiv2015

Correlation Functions of Massless Interacting Scalar Fields in de Sitter Space

We examine the behavior of correlation functions for a massless scalar field in de Sitter space with a quartic interaction. We find that two-loop corrections are relevant, and that the resummation of these corrections generates a complicated structure whereby high momentum modes stay massless while low momentum modes develop a dynamical mass.

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arXiv2015

On-Shell Mediators and Top-Charm Dark Matter Models for the Fermi-LAT Galactic Center Excess

An excess in gamma-rays from the galactic center observed by the Fermi Large Area Telescope has been proposed as a possible signal of dark matter annihilation. Recently, the Fermi collaboration showed that systematic errors broaden the range of spectral shapes for this excess. We demonstrate fits to this range for (1) flavor-violating annihilations to top-charm pairs and (2) annihilations to on-shell bosonic mediators which decay to Standard Model quarks in a boosted frame. Annihilation of 40 - 100 GeV DM to pairs of spin-1 mediators provide a good fit to the Fermi-LAT spectrum with a normalization consistent with a thermal relic. Top-charm modes and annihilation to three pseudoscalar mediators can fit the spectral shape but typically require non-thermal annihilation cross sections.

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arXiv2014

Hidden On-Shell Mediators for the Galactic Center Gamma-Ray Excess

We present simplified models for the galactic center gamma-ray excess where Dirac dark matter annihilates into pairs or triplets of on-shell bosonic mediators to the Standard Model. These annihilation modes allow the dark matter mass to be heavier than those of conventional effective theories for the gamma-ray excess. Because the annihilation rate is set by the dark matter--mediator coupling, the Standard Model coupling can be made parametrically small to `hide' the dark sector by suppressing direct detection and collider signals. We explore the viability of these models as a thermal relic and on the role of the mediators for controlling the gamma-ray spectral shape. We comment on ultraviolet completions for these simplified models and novel options for Standard Model final states.

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arXiv2013

Simplified Models for Dark Matter Interacting with Quarks

We investigate simplified models in which dark matter particles, taken to be either Dirac or Majorana fermions, couple to quarks via colored mediators. We determine bounds from colliders and direct detection experiments, and show how the interplay of the two leads to a complementary view of this class of dark matter models. Forecasts for future searches in light of the current constraints are presented.

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