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Asaf Etgar

Publications and source records attributed to Asaf Etgar.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

Metric repair is two problems: Which edges, and what weights

Real distance data rarely cooperate: measurements are noisy, observations are missing, and the numbers that result seldom satisfy the triangle inequality. A family of methods exists to correct them, and every one of those methods rests on the same hope --- that analysis run on the corrected data is a more faithful surrogate for the truth than analysis run on the raw data. We are not aware of anyone having tested that hope. We test it through the problem of Metric Repair, which asks for the fewest edges whose reweighting restores the triangle inequality. We implement a suite of algorithms, covering the literature and new methods, both with theoretical guarantees and heuristics, and evaluate their performance on real and synthetic data, both inherently non metric and corrupted. We demonstrate that the algorithms' performance is determined predominantly by the type and fraction of corruption, rather than the corruption's magnitude or graph size. We further test the effect of repair on downstream tasks, namely MDS and $k$NN, and ask if the repair got the result closer to the truth compared to a corrupted instance. In most cases it did not, and we identify the culprit. A small set of edges is not enough. Finding the correct set of edges, be it an injected corruption or a natural non-metricity, is critical. Moreover, deciding on a weight rule impacts performance: on data instances with available metric ground truth, a metric repair algorithm can pull the graph further from the truth, while an oracle access to the true weights helps. Surprisingly, the opposite can be true as well. Setting the weights is not an implementation detail; it is half the problem.

cs.DS

Structural Tractability Frontiers for Metric Repair

Given a graph $G$ labeled with positive distances on each edge, what is the fewest number of edge distances that must be modified for $G$ to become a metric? It is known that this metric repair problem is $\mathrm{NP}$-hard on general graphs, with prior work focusing on approximations and fixed-parameter tractability with respect to properties of the input distance function. In this paper, we ask what structural properties of the graph itself make metric repair tractable. On the positive side, we give pseudo-polynomial time algorithms for series-parallel graphs, and by generalization, graphs of bounded treewidth. An immediate consequence of this result is a new algorithm for the length-bounded multicut problem, with a parameterized runtime bound in terms of the treewidth of a modestly augmented graph. Surprisingly, pseudo-polynomial time turns out to be the best one can hope for: We complement our algorithm with a proof that metric repair is weakly $\mathrm{NP}$-hard even on graphs of pathwidth at most six. We also prove that planarity does not help either, as the problem remains strongly $\mathrm{NP}$-hard even on grid graphs.

cs.DS

On the Connectivity and Diameter of Geodetic Graphs

A graph $G$ is geodetic if between any two vertices there exists a unique shortest path. In 1962 Ore raised the challenge to characterize geodetic graphs, but despite many attempts, such characterization still seems well beyond reach. We may assume, of course, that $G$ is $2$-connected, and here we consider only graphs with no vertices of degree $1$ or $2$. We prove that all such graphs are, in fact $3$-connected. We also construct an infinite family of such graphs of the largest known diameter, namely $5$.

math.CO

The $\mathbb{F}_2$-Rank and Size of Graphs

We consider the extremal family of graphs of order $2^n$ in which no two vertices have identical neighbourhoods, yet the adjacency matrix has rank only $n$ over the field of two elements. A previous result from algebraic geometry shows that such graphs exist for all even $n$ and do not exist for odd $n$. In this paper we provide a new combinatorial proof for this result, offering greater insight to the structure of graphs with these properties. We introduce a new graph product closely related to the Kronecker product, followed by a construction for such graphs for any even $n$. Moreover, we show that this is an infinite family of strongly-regular quasi-random graphs whose signed adjacency matrices are symmetric Hadamard matrices. Conversely, we provide a combinatorial proof that for all odd $n$, no twin-free graphs of minimal $\mathbb{F}_2$-rank exist, and that the next best-possible rank $(n+1)$ is attainable, which is tight.

math.CO