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Athanasios C. Tzemos

Publications and source records attributed to Athanasios C. Tzemos.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Limits of the Formal Integrals of Motion

We consider a formal (approximate) integral of motion in Hamiltonians of the form $H=\frac{1}{2}(X^2+Y^2+\omega_1^2x^2+\omega_2^2y^2)+\epsilon(\eta xy^2+\alpha x^3+\beta x^2y+\gamma y^3)$ generalizing previous cases with $\beta=\gamma=0$. First we give the general form of this integral when $\omega_1/\omega_2$ is irrational and then we consider the case of commensurable frequencies. In particular we study the integrals for the resonances $\omega_1/\omega_2=4/1, 5/1, 3/2, 4/3, 3/1$ and $2/1$. We also calculate the invariant curves and the orbits in the cases $\omega_1/\omega_2=2/1$ and $1/1$ (with $\beta=\gamma=0$) and we compare the exact-numerical and the theoretical results predicted by the formal integral when $\beta\gamma\neq0$. In the special case $\omega_1/\omega_2=1/1$ we find an integral when $\beta=\gamma=0$ and $\eta\alpha\neq0$ or $\eta=\alpha=0$ and $\beta\gamma\neq 0$, but this is not possible when $\eta\alpha\beta\gamma\neq 0$. However, we find that the invariant curves and the orbits can be approximated by a non-resonant integral with $\omega_1/\omega_2=5\sqrt{2}/7=1.010\dots$.

nlin.CD

Orbits in the integrable H\'enon-Heiles systems

We study in detail the form of the orbits in integrable generalized H\'enon-Heiles systems with Hamiltonians of the form $H = \frac{1}{2}(\dot{x}^2 + Ax^2 + \dot{y}^2 + By^2) + \epsilon(xy^2 + \alpha x^3).$ In particular, we focus on the invariant curves on Poincar\'e surfaces of section ($ y = 0$) and the corresponding orbits on the $x-y$ plane. We provide a detailed analysis of the transition from bounded to escaping orbits in each integrable system case, highlighting the mechanism behind the escape to infinity. Then, we investigate the form of the non-escaping orbits, conducting a comparative analysis across various integrable cases and physical parameters.

nlin.CD

Bohmian Chaos and Entanglement in a Two-Qubit System

We study in detail the critical points of Bohmian flow, both in the inertial frame of reference (Y-points) and in the frames centered at the moving nodal points of the guiding wavefunction (X-points), and analyze their role in the onset of chaos in a system of two entangled qubits. We find the distances between these critical points and a moving Bohmian particle at varying levels of entanglement, with particular emphasis on the times at which chaos arises. Then, we find why some trajectories are ordered, without any chaos. Finally, we examine numerically how the Lyapunov Characteristic Number (LCN ) depends on the degree of quantum entanglement. Our results indicate that increasing entanglement reduces the convergence time of the finite-time LCN of the chaotic trajectories toward its final positive value.

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Classical and Bohmian trajectories in integrable and non integrable systems

In the present paper we study the classical and the quantum H\'enon-Heiles systems. In particular we make a comparison between the classical and the quantum trajectories of the integrable and of the non integrable H\'enon Heiles Hamiltonian. From a classical standpoint, we study theoretically and numerically the form of the invariant curves in the Poincar\'e surfaces of section for several values of the coupling parameter of the integrable case and compare them with those of the non integrable case. Then we study the corresponding Bohmian trajectories and we find that they are chaotic in both cases, but chaos emerges at different times.

nlin.CD

A comparison between classical and Bohmian quantum chaos

We study the emergence of chaos in a 2d system corresponding to a classical Hamiltonian system $V= \frac{1}{2}(\omega_x^2x^2+\omega_y^2y^2)+\epsilon xy^2$ consisting of two interacting harmonic oscillators and compare the classical and the Bohmian quantum trajectories for increasing values of $\epsilon$. In particular we present an initial quantum state composed of two coherent states in $x$ and $y$, which in the absence of interaction produces ordered trajectories (Lissajous figures) and an initial state which contains {both chaotic and ordered} trajectories for $\epsilon=0$. In both cases we find that, in general, Bohmian trajectories become chaotic in the long run, but chaos emerges at times which depend on the strength of the interaction between the oscillators.

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Dynamics of quantum observables and Born's rule in Bohmian Quantum Mechanics

We investigate both ordered and chaotic Bohmian trajectories within the Born distribution of Bohmian particles of an anisotropic 2d quantum harmonic oscillator. We compute the average values of energy, momentum, angular momentum, and position using both Standard Quantum Mechanics and Bohmian Mechanics. In particular, we examine realizations of the Born distribution for a wavefunction with a single nodal point and two different wavefunctions with multiple nodal points: one with an almost equal number of ordered and chaotic trajectories, and another composed primarily of chaotic trajectories. Throughout our analysis, we focus on elucidating the contribution of ordered and chaotic Bohmian trajectories in determining these average values.

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Interference with non-interacting free particles and a special type of detector

We develop a classical picture of interference for non-interacting individual classical massive free particles. As long as they remain undetected, particles carry the information of a phase equal to an action integral along their trajectory. At the point of their detection, a special type of detector collects the phases from all individual particles reaching it, adds them up over time as complex numbers, and divides them by the square root of their number. The detector announces a number of detections equal to the square of the amplitude of the resulting complex number. An interference pattern is gradually built from the collection of particle phases in the detection bins of the detector after several repetitions of the experiment. We obtain perfect agreement with three solutions of the Schrödinger equation for free particles: a Gaussian wavepacket, two Gaussian wavepackets approaching each other, and a Gaussian wavepacket reflecting off a wall.

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Chaotic trajectories in complex Bohmian systems

We consider the Bohmian trajectories in a 2-d quantum harmonic oscillator with non commensurable frequencies whose wavefunction is of the form $Ψ=aΨ_{m_1,n_1}(x,y)+bΨ_{m_2,n_2}(x,y)+cΨ_{m_3,n_3}(x,y)$. We first find the trajectories of the nodal points for different combinations of the quantum numbers $m,n$. Then we study, in detail, a case with relatively large quantum numbers and two equal $m's$. We find %We find first the nodal points where $Ψ=0$. The nodes can be found analytically only if $m$ and $n$ are small. If two $m's$ (or two $n's$ are equal we can find explicitly the nodal points , which are of two types (1) fixed nodes independent of time and (2) moving nodes which from time to time collide with the fixed nodes and at particular times they go to infinity. Finally, we study the trajectories of quantum particles close to the nodal points and observe, for the first time, how chaos is generated in a complex system with multiple nodes scattered on the configuration space.

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Chaos in 2-d Bohmian Trajectories

We make a short review of the most general mechanism for the generation of chaos in 2-d Bohmian trajectories, the so called `nodal point-X-point complex' (NPXPC) mechanism. The presentation is based on numerical calculations made with Maple and is enriched with new results on the details of the generation of chaos, and the form of the potential around the NPXPC.

nlin.CD

Chaos and ergodicity in entangled non-ideal Bohmian qubits

We study the Bohmian dynamics of a large class of bipartite systems of non-ideal qubit systems, by modifying the basic physical parameters of an ideal two-qubit system, made of coherent states of the quantum harmonic oscillator. First we study the case of coherent states with truncated energy levels and large amplitudes. Then we study non-truncated coherent states but with small amplitudes and finally a combination of the above cases. In all cases we find that the chaotic Bohmian trajectories are approximately ergodic. We also study the number and the spatial arrangement of the nodal points of the wavefunction and their role both in the formation of chaotic-ergodic trajectories, and in the emergence of ordered trajectories. Our results have strong implications on the dynamical establishment of Born's rule.

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The role of chaotic and ordered trajectories in establishing Born's rule

We study in detail the trajectories, ordered and chaotic, of two entangled Bohmian qubits when their initial preparation satisfies (or not) Born's rule for various amounts of quantum entanglement. For any non zero value of entanglement ordered and chaotic trajectories coexist and the proportion of ordered trajectories increases with the decrease of the entanglement. In the extreme cases of zero and maximum entanglement we have only ordered and chaotic trajectories correspondingly. The chaotic trajectories of this model are ergodic, for any given value of entanglement, namely the limiting distribution of their points does not depend on their initial conditions. Consequently it is the ratio between ordered and chaotic trajectories which is responsible for the dynamical establishment (or not) of Born's rule.

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Integrals of Motion in Time-periodic Hamiltonian Systems: The Case of the Mathieu Equation

We present an algorithm for constructing analytically approximate integrals of motion in simple time periodic Hamiltonians of the form $H=H_0+ \varepsilon H_i$, where $\varepsilon$ is a perturbation parameter. We apply our algorithm in a Hamiltonian system whose dynamics is governed by the Mathieu equation and examine in detail the orbits and their stroboscopic invariant curves for different values of $\varepsilon$. We find the values of $\varepsilon_{crit}$ beyond which the orbits escape to infinity and construct integrals which are expressed as series in the perturbation $\varepsilon$ and converge up to $\varepsilon_{crit}$. In the absence of resonances the invariant curves are concentric ellipses which are approximated very well by our integrals. Finally we construct an integral of motion which describes the hyperbolic stroboscopic invariant curve of a resonant case.

math-ph

Chaos in Bohmian Quantum Mechanics: A short review

This is a short review in the theory of chaos in Bohmian Quantum Mechanics based on our series of works in this field. Our first result is the development of a generic theoretical mechanism responsible for the generation of chaos in an arbitrary Bohmian system (in 2 and 3 dimensions). This mechanism allows us to explore the effect of chaos on Bohmian trajectories and study in detail (both analytically and numerically) the different kinds of Bohmian trajectories where, in general, chaos and order coexist. Finally we explore the effect of quantum entanglement on the evolution of the Bohmian trajectories and study chaos and ergodicity in qubit systems which are of great theoretical and practical interest. We find that the chaotic trajectories are also ergodic, i.e. they give the same final distribution of their points after a long time regardless of their initial conditions. In the case of strong entanglement most trajectories are chaotic and ergodic and an arbitrary initial distribution of particles will tends to Born's rule over the course of time. On the other hand, in the case of weak entanglement the distribution of Born's rule is dominated by ordered trajectories and consequently an arbitrary initial configuration of particles will not tend, in general, to Born's rule, unless it is initially satisfied. Our results shed light on a fundamental problem in Bohmian Mechanics, namely whether there is a dynamical approximation of Born's rule by an arbitrary initial distribution of Bohmian particles.

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Chaos and ergodicity in an entangled two-qubit Bohmian system

We study in detail the onset of chaos and the probability measures formed by individual Bohmian trajectories in entangled states of two-qubit systems for various degrees of entanglement. The qubit systems consist of coherent states of 1-d harmonic oscillators with irrational frequencies. In weakly entangled states chaos is manifested through the sudden jumps of the Bohmian trajectories between successive Lissajous-like figures. These jumps are succesfully interpreted by the `nodal point-X-point complex' mechanism. In strongly entangled states, the chaotic form of the Bohmian trajectories is manifested after a short time. We then study the mixing properties of ensembles of Bohmian trajectories with initial conditions satisfying Born's rule. The trajectory points are initially distributed in two sets $S_1$ and $S_2$ with disjoint supports but they exhibit, over the course of time, abrupt mixing whenever they encounter the nodal points of the wavefunction. Then a substantial fraction of trajectory points is exchanged between $S_1$ and $S_2$, without violating Born's rule. Finally, we provide strong numerical indications that, in this system, the main effect of the entanglement is the establishment of ergodicity in the individual Bohmian trajectories as $t\to\infty$: different initial conditions result to the same limiting distribution of trajectory points.

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Origin of chaos near three-dimensional quantum vortices: A general Bohmian theory

We provide a general theory for the structure of the quantum flow near 3-d nodal lines, i.e. one-dimensional loci where the 3-d wavefunction becomes equal to zero. In suitably defined co- ordinates (co-moving with the nodal line) the generic structure of the flow implies the formation of 3-d quantum vortices. We show that such vortices are accompanied by nearby invariant lines of the co-moving quantum flow, called X-lines, which are normally hyperbolic. Furthermore, the stable and unstable manifolds of the X-lines produce chaotic scatterings of nearby quantum (Bohmian) trajectories, thus inducing an intricate form of the quantum current in the neighborhood of each 3-d quantum vortex. Generic formulas describing the structure around 3-d quantum vortices are provided, applicable to an arbitrary choice of 3-d wavefunction. We also give specific numerical examples, as well as a discussion of the physical consequences of chaos near 3-d quantum vortices.

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Integrals of motion in 3-d Bohmian Trajectories

Chaos in Bohmian Quantum Mechanics is an open field of research. In general, most of the 3-d Bohmian trajectories are free to wander around the 3-d space. However there are cases where the evolution of the trajectories is dictated by exact or approximate integrals of motion. A first case corresponds to partial integrability, where the trajectories (ordered and chaotic) evolve on certain integral surfaces. A second case corresponds to ordered trajectories. In this paper we extend our previous work in 3-d Bohmian Chaos by using both forms of integrability and discuss their physical implications.

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Chaos in de Broglie - Bohm quantum mechanics and the dynamics of quantum relaxation

We discuss the main mechanisms generating chaotic behavior of the quantum trajectories in the de Broglie - Bohm picture of quantum mechanics, in systems of two and three degrees of freedom. In the 2D case, chaos is generated via multiple scatterings of the trajectories with one or more `nodal point - X-point complexes'. In the 3D case, these complexes form foliations along `nodal lines' accompanied by `X-lines'. We also identify cases of integrable or partially integrable quantum trajectories. The role of chaos is important in interpreting the dynamical origin of the `quantum relaxation' effect, i.e. the dynamical emergence of Born's rule for the quantum probabilities, which has been proposed as an extension of the Bohmian picture of quantum mechanics. In particular, the local scaling laws characterizing the chaotic scattering phenomena near X-points, or X-lines, are related to the global rate at which the quantum relaxation is observed to proceed. Also, the degree of chaos determines the rate at which nearly-coherent initial wavepacket states lose their spatial coherence in the course of time.

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Partial Integrability of 3-d Bohmian Trajectories

In this paper we study the integrability of 3-d Bohmian trajectories of a system of quantum harmonic oscillators. We show that the initial choice of quantum numbers is responsible for the existence (or not) of an integral of motion which confines the trajectories on certain invariant surfaces. We give a few examples of orbits in cases where there is or there is not an integral and make some comments on the impact of partial integrability in Bohmian Mechanics. Finally, we make a connection between our present results for the integrability in the 3-d case and analogous results found in the 2-d and 4-d cases.

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