arXiv subjects

Azmat Ullah

Publications and source records attributed to Azmat Ullah.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

A Blockchain-Oriented Software Engineering Architecture for Carbon Credit Certification Systems

Carbon credit systems have emerged as a policy tool to incentivize emission reductions and support the transition to clean energy. Reliable carbon-credit certification depends on mechanisms that connect actual, measured renewable-energy production to verifiable emission-reduction records. Although blockchain and IoT technologies have been applied to emission monitoring and trading, existing work offers limited support for certification processes, particularly for small and medium-scale renewable installations. This paper introduces a blockchain-based carbon-credit certification architecture, demonstrated through a 100 kWp photovoltaic case study, that integrates real-time IoT data collection, edge-level aggregation, and secure on-chain storage on a permissioned blockchain with smart contracts. Unlike approaches focused on trading mechanisms, the proposed system aligns with European legislation and voluntary carbon-market standards, clarifying the practical requirements and constraints that apply to photovoltaic operators. The resulting architecture provides a structured pathway for generating verifiable carbon-credit records and supporting third-party verification.

cs.SE↗

arXiv2025

Real-Time Monitoring and Transparency in Pizza Production Using IoT and Blockchain

This paper presents a blockchain-based Internet of Things (IoT) system for monitoring pizza production in restaurants. IoT devices track temperature and humidity in real-time, while blockchain ensures secure and tamper-proof data. A Raspberry Pi processes sensor data, captures images, triggers alerts, and interacts with smart contracts. The system detects abnormal conditions, enabling quick responses. Blockchain adds transparency and traceability, supporting compliance and audits. Experiments show improved ingredient management, reduced waste, and increased kitchen efficiency.

cs.CR↗

arXiv2020

A lightweight cryptography (LWC) framework to secure memory heap in Internet of Things

The extensive networking of devices and the large amount of data generated from the Internet of Things (IoT) has brought security issues to the attention of the researcher. Java is the most common platform for embedded applications such as IoT, Wireless Sensors Networks (WSN), Near Field Communications (NFC) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). The object programming languages such as Java, SWIFT, PHP and C++ use garbage collection after any object run which creates security loophole for attacks such as Next Memory Address Occupation (NMAO), memory replay, Learning Tasks Behaviors (LTB). The security risk increases in IoT when attacks exceeds the target device to the surrounding connected devices. Inappropriate or wrong operations causes energy loss and increased costs. In this paper, a security method to protect IoT system operation from memory heap penetration and address modification attack is proposed. The proposed method prevents directed attack by encrypting the object Garbage Collection at run time. To form a unique signature mechanism, the Cryptographic Hash Function (CHF) which employs a specific one-way hash algorithm. The proposed framework uses L-function based ECC and one-time Key (OTK) to secure the memory heap. Our method is used with open system where the effect on the operating system is not considered. The proposed method proved to be powerful and efficient which can help in achieving higher levels of security across several IoT applications, by enabling better detection of malicious attacks.

cs.CR↗