Exotic Bialgebras from 9x9 Unitary Braid Matrices
We present the exotic bialgebras that arise from a 9x9 unitary braid matrix.
math.QA↗
arXiv subjects
B. Abdesselam
Publications and source records attributed to B. Abdesselam.
Unitary Braid Matrices: Bridge between Topological and Quantum Entanglements
Braiding operators corresponding to the third Reidemeister move in the theory of knots and links are realized in terms of parametrized unitary matrices for all dimensions. Two distinct classes are considered. Their (non-local) unitary actions on separable pure product states of three identical subsystems (say, the spin projections of three particles) are explicitly evaluated for all dimensions. This, for our classes, is shown to generate entangled superposition of four terms in the base space. The 3-body and 2-body entanglements (in three 2-body subsystems), the 3-tangles and 2-tangles are explicitly evaluated for each class. For our matrices, these are parametrized. Varying parameters they can be made to sweep over the domain (0,1).Thus braiding operators corresponding to over- and under-crossings of three braids and, on closing ends, to topologically entangled Borromean rings are shown, in another context, to generate quantum entanglements. For higher dimensions, starting with different initial triplets one can entangle by turns, each state with all the rest. A specific coupling of three angular momenta is briefly discussed to throw more light on three body entanglements.
quant-ph↗
Multiparameter statistical models from $N^2\times N^2$ braid matrices: Explicit eigenvalues of transfer matrices ${\bf T}^{(r)}$, spin chains, factorizable scatterings for all $N$
For a class of multiparameter statistical models based on $N^2\times N^2$ braid matrices the eigenvalues of the transfer matrix ${\bf T}^{(r)}$ are obtained explicitly for all $(r,N)$. Our formalism yields them as solutions of sets of linear equations with simple constant coefficients. The role of zero-sum multiplets constituted in terms of roots of unity is pointed out and their origin is traced to circular permutations of the indices in the tensor products of basis states induced by our class of ${\bf T}^{(r)}$ matrices. The role of free parameters, increasing as $N^2$ with $N$, is emphasized throughout. Spin chain Hamiltonians are constructed and studied for all $N$. Inverse Cayley transforms of Yang-Baxter matrices corresponding to our braid matrices are obtained for all $N$. They provide potentials for factorizable $S$-matrices. Main results are summarized and perspectives are indicated in the concluding remarks.
math.QA↗
A new eight vertex model and higher dimensional, multiparameter generalizations
We study statistical models, specifically transfer matrices corresponding to a multiparameter hierarchy of braid matrices of $(2n)^2\times(2n)^2$ dimensions with $2n^2$ free parameters $(n=1,2,3,...)$. The simplest, $4\times 4$ case is treated in detail. Powerful recursion relations are constructed giving the dependence on the spectral parameter $θ$ of the eigenvalues of the transfer matrix explicitly at each level of coproduct sequence. A brief study of higher dimensional cases ($n\geq 2$) is presented pointing out features of particular interest. Spin chain Hamiltonians are also briefly presented for the hierarchy. In a long final section basic results are recapitulated with systematic analysis of their contents. Our eight vertex $4\times 4$ case is compared to standard six vertex and eight vertex models.
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Higher Dimensional Multiparameter Unitary and Nonunitary Braid Matrices: Even Dimensions
A class of $(2n)^2\times(2n)^2$ multiparameter braid matrices are presented for all $n$ $(n\geq 1)$. Apart from the spectral parameter $θ$, they depend on $2n^2$ free parameters $m_{ij}^{(\pm)}$, $i,j=1,...,n$. For real parameters the matrices $R(θ)$ are nonunitary. For purely imaginary parameters they became unitary. Thus a unification is achieved with odd dimensional multiparameter solutions presented before.
math.QA↗
Higher Dimensional Unitary Braid Matrices: Construction, Associated Structures and Entanglements
We construct $(2n)^2\times (2n)^2$ unitary braid matrices $\hat{R}$ for $n\geq 2$ generalizing the class known for $n=1$. A set of $(2n)\times (2n)$ matrices $(I,J,K,L)$ are defined. $\hat{R}$ is expressed in terms of their tensor products (such as $K\otimes J$), leading to a canonical formulation for all $n$. Complex projectors $P_{\pm}$ provide a basis for our real, unitary $\hat{R}$. Baxterization is obtained. Diagonalizations and block-diagonalizations are presented. The loss of braid property when $\hat{R}$ $(n>1)$ is block-diagonalized in terms of $\hat{R}$ $(n=1)$ is pointed out and explained. For odd dimension $(2n+1)^2\times (2n+1)^2$, a previously constructed braid matrix is complexified to obtain unitarity. $\hat{R}\mathrm{LL}$- and $\hat{R}\mathrm{TT}$-algebras, chain Hamiltonians, potentials for factorizable $S$-matrices, complex non-commutative spaces are all studied briefly in the context of our unitary braid matrices. Turaev construction of link invariants is formulated for our case. We conclude with comments concerning entanglements.
math.QA↗
Addendum to "On Super-Jordanian ${\cal U}_{\sf h}(sl(N|1))$ Algebra
We give a complete proof of the result (2.10) presented in our paper published in J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 39 (2006) 8307.
math.QA↗
On super-Jordanian ${\cal U}_{\sf h}(sl(N|1))$ algebra
A nonlinear realisation of the nonstandard (super-Jordanian) deformed ${\cal U}_{\sf h}(sl(N|1))$ algebra is given for arbitrary $N$.
math.QA↗
A new class ${\hat o}_N$ of statistical models: Transfer matrix eigenstates, chain Hamiltonians, factorizable $S$-matrix
Statistical models corresponding to a new class of braid matrices ($\hat{o}_N; N\geq 3$) presented in a previous paper are studied. Indices labeling states spanning the $N^r$ dimensional base space of $T^{(r)}(θ)$, the $r$-th order transfer matrix are so chosen that the operators $W$ (the sum of the state labels) and (CP) (the circular permutation of state labels) commute with $T^{(r)}(θ)$. This drastically simplifies the construction of eigenstates, reducing it to solutions of relatively small number of simultaneous linear equations. Roots of unity play a crucial role. Thus for diagonalizing the 81 dimensional space for N=3, $r=4$, one has to solve a maximal set of 5 linear equations. A supplementary symmetry relates invariant subspaces pairwise ($W=(r,Nr)$ and so on) so that only one of each pair needs study. The case N=3 is studied fully for $r=(1,2,3,4)$. Basic aspects for all $(N,r)$ are discussed. Full exploitation of such symmetries lead to a formalism quite different from, possibly generalized, algebraic Bethe ansatz. Chain Hamiltonians are studied. The specific types of spin flips they induce and propagate are pointed out. The inverse Cayley transform of the YB matrix giving the potential leading to factorizable $S$-matrix is constructed explicitly for N=3 as also the full set of $\hat{R}tt$ relations. Perspectives are discussed in a final section.
math.QA↗
A nested sequence of projectors (2): Multiparameter multistate statistical models, Hamiltonians, S-matrices
Our starting point is a class of braid matrices, presented in a previous paper, constructed on a basis of a nested sequence of projectors. Statistical models associated to such $N^2\times N^2$ matrices for odd $N$ are studied here. Presence of $\frac 12(N+3)(N-1)$ free parameters is the crucial feature of our models, setting them apart from other well-known ones. There are $N$ possible states at each site. The trace of the transfer matrix is shown to depend on $\frac 12(N-1)$ parameters. For order $r$, $N$ eigenvalues consitute the trace and the remaining $(N^r-N)$ eigenvalues involving the full range of parameters come in zero-sum multiplets formed by the $r$-th roots of unity, or lower dimensional multiplets corresponding to factors of the order $r$ when $r$ is not a prime number. The modulus of any eigenvalue is of the form $e^{μθ}$, where $μ$ is a linear combination of the free parameters, $θ$ being the spectral parameter. For $r$ a prime number an amusing relation of the number of multiplets with a theorem of Fermat is pointed out. Chain Hamiltonians and potentials corresponding to factorizable $S$-matrices are constructed starting from our braid matrices. Perspectives are discussed.
math.QA↗
Jordanian Quantum (Super)Algebras $U_{h}(g)$ via Contraction Method and Mapping:Review
Recently, a class of transformations of $R_q$-matrices was introduced such that the $q \to 1$ limit gives explicit nonstandard $R_h$-matrices. The transformation matrix is singular as $q \to 1$. For the transformed matrix, the singularities, however, cancel yielding a well-defined construction. We have shown that our method can be implemented systematically on $R_q$ matrices of all dimensions of $U_q(sl(N)), U_Q(osp(1|2))$ and $U_q(sl(2|1))$ algebras. Explicit constructions are presented for $U_q(sl(2)), U_q(sl(3)), U_q(osp(1|2))$ and $U_q(sl(2|1))$ algebras, while choosing $R_q$ matrix for (fund. rep.) \otimes (arbitrary irrep.). Our method yields nonstadard deformations along with a nonlinear map of the $h$-Borel subalgebra on the corresponding classical Borel subalgebra, which can be easily extended to the whole algebra. Following this approach we explicitly construct here the nonstandard Jordanian quantum (super)algebras $U_h(sl(2)), U_h(sl(3)), U_h(osp(1|2))$ and $U_h(sl(2|1))$. These Hopf (super)algebras are equipped with a remarkably simpler coalgebraic structure. Generalizing our results on $U_h(sl(3))$, we give the higher dimensional Jordanian (super)algebras $U_h(sl(N))$ for all $N$. The universal $R_h$ matrices are also given.
math.QA↗
On Nonstandard Quantizations of osp(2|1) Superalgebra via Contraction and Mapping
We develop a generic reprersentation-independent contraction procedure for obtaining, for instance, $R_{\sf h}$ and $L$ operators of arbitrary dimensions for the quantized ${\cal U}_{\sf h}(osp(2|1))$ algebra corresponding to the classical $r_2$ matrix from the pertinent quantities of the standard q-deformed ${\cal U}_q(osp(2|1))$ algebra. Also the quantized ${\bf U_h}(osp(2|1))$ algebra corresponding to the classical $r_1$ matrix comprising of the generators of the classical $sl(2)$ algebra is obtained in terms of a nonlinear basis set.
math.QA↗
Non-factorisable metrics and Gauss--Bonnet terms in higher dimensions
An iterative construction of higher order Einstein tensors for a maximally Gauss-Bonnet extended gravitational Lagrangian was introduced in a previous paper. Here the formalism is extended to non-factorisable metrics in arbitrary ($d+1$) dimensions in the presence of superposed Gauss-Bonnet terms. Such a generalisation turns out to be remarkably convenient and elegant. Having thus obtained the variational equations we first construct bulk solutions, with nonzero and zero cosmological constant. It is also pointed out that in the absence of Gauss-Bonnet terms a Schwarzschild type solution can be obtained in the non-factorisable case. Two positive tension branes are then inserted and their tensions are obtained in terms of parameters in the warp factor. Relations to recent studies of several authors are pointed out.
hep-th↗
Brane World Cosmology with Gauss-Bonnet Interaction
We study a Randall-Sundrum model modified by a Gauss-Bonnet interaction term. We consider, in particular, a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric on the brane and analyse the resulting cosmological scenario. It is shown that the usual Friedmann equations are recovered on the brane. The equation of state relating the enery density and the pressure is uniquely determined by the matching conditions. A cosmological solution with negative pressure is found.
hep-th↗
Jordanian Quantum Algebra ${\cal U}_{\sf h}(sl(N))$ via Contraction Method and Mapping
Using the contraction procedure introduced by us in Ref. \cite{ACC2}, we construct, in the first part of the present letter, the Jordanian quantum Hopf algebra ${\cal U}_{\sf h}(sl(3))$ which has a remarkably simple coalgebraic structure and contains the Jordanian Hopf algebra ${\cal U}_{\sf h}(sl(2))$, obtained by Ohn, as a subalgebra. A nonlinear map between ${\cal U}_{\sf h}(sl(3))$ and the classical $sl(3)$ algebra is then established. In the second part, we give the higher dimensional Jordanian algebras ${\cal U}_{\sf h}(sl(N))$ for all $N$. The Universal ${\cal R}_{\sf h}$-matrix of ${\cal U}_{\sf h} (sl(N))$ is also given.
math.QA↗
Maps and twists relating $U(sl(2))$ and the nonstandard $U_{h}(sl(2))$: unified construction
A general construction is given for a class of invertible maps between the classical $U(sl(2))$ and the Jordanian $U_{h}(sl(2))$ algebras. Different maps are directly useful in different contexts. Similarity trasformations connecting them, in so far as they can be explicitly constructed, enable us to translate results obtained in terms of one to the other cases. Here the role of the maps is studied in the context of construction of twist operators between the cocommutative and noncocommutative coproducts of the $U(sl(2))$ and $U_{h}(sl(2))$ algebras respectively. It is shown that a particular map called the `minimal twist map' implements the simplest twist given directly by the factorized form of the ${\cal R}_{h}$-matrix of Ballesteros-Herranz. For other maps the twist has an additional factor obtainable in terms of the similarity transformation relating the map in question to the minimal one. The series in powers of $h$ for the operator performing this transformation may be obtained up to some desired order, relatively easily. An explicit example is given for one particularly interesting case. Similarly the classical and the Jordanian antipode maps may be interrelated by a similarity transformation. For the `minimal twist map' the transforming operator is determined in a closed form.
math.QA↗
General Construction of Nonstandard $R_h$-matrices as Contraction Limits of $R_{q}$-matrices
A class of transformations of $R_q$-matrices is introduced such that the $q\to 1$ limit gives explicit nonstandard $R_{h}$-matrices. The transformation matrix is singular itself at $q\to 1$ limit. For the transformed matrix, the singularities, however, cancel yielding a well-defined construction. Our method can be implemented systematically for R-matrices of all dimensions and not only for $sl(2)$ but also for algebras of higher dimensions. Explicit constructions are presented starting with ${\cal U}_q(sl(2))$ and ${\cal U}_q(sl(3))$, while choosing $R_q$ for (fund. rep.)$\otimes$(arbitrary irrep.). The treatment for the general case and various perspectives are indicated. Our method yields nonstandard deformations along with a nonlinear map of the $h$-Borel subalgebra on the corresponding classical Borel subalgebra. For ${\cal U}_h(sl(2))$ this map is extended to the whole algebra and compared with another one proposed by us previously.
q-alg↗
Combined (q,h)-Deformation as a Nonlinear Map on $U_q(sl(2))$
The generators $(J_{\pm}, J_0)$ of the algebra $U_q(sl(2))$ is our starting point. An invertible nonlinear map involving, apart from q, a second arbitrary complex parameter h, defines a triplet $({\hat X},{\hat Y},{\hat H})$. The latter set forms a closed algebra under commutation relations. The nonlinear algebra $U_{q,h}(sl(2))$, thus generated, has two different limits. For $q \to 1$, the Jordanian h-deformation $U_{h}(sl(2))$ is obtained. For $h \to 0$, the q-deformed algebra $U_{q}(sl(2))$ is reproduced. From the nonlinear map, the irreducible representations of the doubly-deformed algebra $U_{q,h}(sl(2))$ may be directly and explicitly obtained form the known representations of the algebra $U_q(sl(2))$. Here we consider only generic values of q.
q-alg↗