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B. B. Back

Publications and source records attributed to B. B. Back.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
arXiv2006

Decay modes of 250No

The Fragment Mass Analyzer at the ATLAS facility has been used to unambiguously identify the mass number associated with different decay modes of the nobelium isotopes produced via 204Pb(48Ca,xn)(252-x)No reactions. Isotopically pure (>99.7%) 204Pb targets were used to reduce background from more favored reactions on heavier lead isotopes. Two spontaneous fission half-lives (t_1/2 = 3.7+1.1-0.8 us and 43+22-15 us) were deduced from a total of 158 fission events. Both decays originate from 250No rather than from neighboring isotopes as previously suggested. The longer activity most likely corresponds to a K-isomer in this nucleus. No conclusive evidence for an alpha branch was observed, resulting in upper limits of 2.1% for the shorter lifetime and 3.4% for the longer activity.

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arXiv2006

Forward-Backward Multiplicity Correlations in sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV Gold-Gold Collisions

Forward-backward correlations of charged-particle multiplicities in symmetric bins in pseudorapidity are studied in order to gain insight into the underlying correlation structure of particle production in Au+Au collisions. The PHOBOS detector is used to measure integrated multiplicities in bins centered at eta, defined within |eta|<3, and covering intervals Delta-eta. The variance sigma^2_C of a suitably defined forward-backward asymmetry variable C is calculated as a function of eta, Delta-eta, and centrality. It is found to be sensitive to short range correlations, and the concept of "clustering'' is used to interpret comparisons to phenomenological models.

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arXiv2005

Forward-Backward Multiplicity Correlations in sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV Au+Au Collisions

Forward-backward correlations of charged-particle multiplicities in symmetric bins in pseudorapidity (eta) are studied in order to gain insight into the underlying correlation structure of particle production in Au+Au collisions. The PHOBOS detector is used to measure integrated multiplicities in bins defined within eta<3, centered at eta and covering an interval Delta-eta. The variance (sigma^2_C) of a suitably defined forward-backward asymmetry variable is calculated as a function of eta, Delta-eta, and centrality. It is found to be sensitive to short range correlations, and the concept of ``clustering'' is used to interpret comparisons to phenomenological models.

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arXiv2005

Charged-Particle Pseudorapidity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=62.4 GeV

The charged-particle pseudorapidity density for Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=62.4 GeV has been measured over a wide range of impact parameters and compared to results obtained at other energies. As a function of collision energy, the pseudorapidity distribution grows systematically both in height and width. The mid-rapidity density is found to grow approximately logarithmically between AGS energies and the top RHIC energy. As a function of centrality, there is an approximate factorization of the centrality dependence of the mid-rapidity yields and the overall multiplicity scale. The new results at sqrt(s_NN)=62.4 GeV confirm the previously observed phenomenon of ``extended longitudinal scaling'' in the pseudorapidity distributions when viewed in the rest frame of one of the colliding nuclei. It is also found that the evolution of the shape of the distribution with centrality is energy independent, when viewed in this reference frame. As a function of centrality, the total charged particle multiplicity scales linearly with the number of participant pairs as it was observed at other energies.

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arXiv2005

Consequences of energy conservation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Complete characterization of particle production and emission in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is in general not feasible experimentally. This work demonstrates, however, that the availability of essentially complete pseudorapidity distributions for charged particles allows for a reliable estimate of the average transverse momenta and energy of emitted particles by requiring energy conservation in the process. The results of such an analysis for Au+Au collisions at sqrt{s_{NN}}= 130 and 200 GeV are compared with measurements of mean-p_T and mean-E_T in regions where such measurements are available. The mean-p_T dependence on pseudorapidity for Au+Au collisions at 130 and 200 GeV is given for different collision centralities.

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arXiv2005

Systematics of heavy-ion fusion hindrance at extreme sub-barrier energies

The recent discovery of hindrance in heavy-ion induced fusion reactions at extreme sub-barrier energies represents a challenge for theoretical models. Previously, it has been shown that in medium-heavy systems, the onset of fusion hindrance depends strongly on the "stiffness" of the nuclei in the entrance channel. In this work, we explore its dependence on the total mass and the $Q$-value of the fusing systems and find that the fusion hindrance depends in a systematic way on the entrance channel properties over a wide range of systems.

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arXiv2004

Hindrance of Heavy-ion Fusion at Extreme Sub-Barrier Energies in Open-shell Colliding Systems

The excitation function for the fusion-evaporation reaction 64Ni+100Mo has been measured down to a cross-section of ~5 nb. Extensive coupled-channels calculations have been performed, which cannot reproduce the steep fall-off of the excitation function at extreme sub-barrier energies. Thus, this system exhibits a hindrance for fusion, a phenomenon that has been discovered only recently. In the S-factor representation introduced to quantify the hindrance, a maximum is observed at E_s=120.6 MeV, which corresponds to 90% of the reference energy E_s^ref, a value expected from systematics of closed-shell systems. A systematic analysis of Ni-induced fusion reactions leading to compound nuclei with mass A=100-200 is presented in order to explore a possible dependence of the fusion hindrance on nuclear structure.

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arXiv2004

Studies of multiplicity in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

In this talk I'll review the present status of charged particle multiplicity measurements from heavy-ion collisions. The characteristic features of multiplicity distributions obtained in Au+Au collisions will be discussed in terms of collision centrality and energy and compared to those of p+p collisions. Multiplicity measurements of d+Au collisions at 200 GeV nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy will also be discussed. The results will be compared to various theoretical models and simple scaling properties of the data will be identified.

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arXiv2004

Scaling of Charged Particle Production in d+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV

The measured pseudorapidity distributions of primary charged particles over a wide pseudorapidity range of |eta| < 5.4 and integrated charged particle multiplicities in d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV are presented as a function of collision centrality. The longitudinal features of d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV are found to be very similar to those seen in p + A collisions at lower energies. The total multiplicity of charged particles is found to scale with the total number of participants according to N^{dAu}_{ch} = 1/2 N^{pp}_{ch} and the energy dependence of the density of charged particles produced in the fragmentation region exhibits extensive longitudinal scaling.

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arXiv2004

Charged antiparticle to particle ratios near midrapidity in p+p collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV

The ratios of the yields of primary charged antiparticles to particles have been obtained for pions, kaons, and protons near midrapidity for p+p collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV. Ratios of =1.000 +/- 0.012 (stat.) +/- 0.019 (syst.), =0.93 +/- 0.05 (stat.) +/- 0.03 (syst.), and =0.85 +/- 0.04 (stat.) +/- 0.03 (syst.) have been measured. The reported values represent the ratio of the yields averaged over the rapidity range of 0.1<y_{pi}<1.3 and 0<y_{K,p}<0.8, and for transverse momenta of 0.1<p_T^{pi,K}<1.0 GeV/c and 0.3<p_T^{p}<1.0 GeV/c. Within the uncertainties, all three ratios are consistent with the values measured in d+Au collisions at the same energy. The data are compared to results from other collision systems and energies.

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arXiv2004

Transverse Momentum and Rapidity Dependence of HBT Correlations in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 62.4 and 200 GeV

Two-particle correlations of identical charged pion pairs from Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 62.4 and 200 GeV were measured by the PHOBOS experiment at RHIC. Data for the 15% most central events were analyzed with Bertsch-Pratt and Yano-Koonin-Podgoretskii parameterizations using pairs with rapidities of 0.4 < y_{ππ} < 1.3 and transverse momenta 0.1 < k_T < 1.4 GeV/c. The Bertsch-Pratt radii R_o and R_l decrease as a function of pair transverse momentum, while R_s is consistent with a weaker dependence. R_o and R_s are independent of collision energy, while R_l shows a slight increase. The source rapidity y_{ykp} scales roughly with the pair rapidity y_{ππ}, indicating strong dynamical correlations.

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arXiv2004

Pseudorapidity dependence of charged hadron transverse momentum spectra in d+Au collisions at sqrt sNN = 200 GeV

We have measured the transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons in d+Au collisions at sqrt sNN = 200 GeV in the range of 0.5 < p_T < 4.0 GeV/c. The total range of pseudorapidity, eta, is 0.2 < eta < 1.4, where positive eta is in the deuteron direction. The data has been divided into three regions of pseudorapidity, covering 0.2 < eta < 0.6, 0.6 < η< 1.0, and 1.0 < eta < 1.4 and has been compared to charged hadron spectra from p+pbar collisions at the same energy. There is a significant change in the spectral shape as a function of pseudorapidity. As eta increases we see a decrease in the nuclear modification factor RdAu.

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arXiv2004

Collision geometry scaling of Au+Au pseudorapidity density from sqrt(s_NN) = 19.6 to 200 GeV

The centrality dependence of the midrapidity charged particle multiplicity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 19.6 and 200 GeV is presented. Within a simple model, the fraction of hard (scaling with number of binary collisions) to soft (scaling with number of participant pairs) interactions is consistent with a value of x = 0.13 +/- 0.01(stat) +/- 0.05(syst) at both energies. The experimental results at both energies, scaled by inelastic p(pbar)+p collision data, agree within systematic errors. The ratio of the data was found not to depend on centrality over the studied range and yields a simple linear scale factor of R_(200/19.6) = 2.03 +/- 0.02(stat) +/- 0.05(syst).

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arXiv2004

Centrality dependence of charged hadron transverse momentum spectra in Au+Au collisions from sqrt(s_NN) = 62.4 to 200 GeV

We have measured transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons produced in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 62.4 GeV. The spectra are presented for transverse momenta 0.25 < p_T< 4.5 GeV/c, in a pseudo-rapidity range of 0.2 < eta < 1.4. The nuclear modification factor R_AA is calculated relative to p+p data at the same collision energy as a function of collision centrality. For p_T > 2 GeV/c, R_AA is found to be significantly larger than in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) =130 and 200 GeV. In contrast, we find that the evolution of the invariant yields per participant pair from peripheral to central collisions is approximately energy independent over this range of collision energies. This observation challenges models of high p_T hadron suppression in terms of parton energy loss.

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arXiv2004

Production of phi Mesons in Au+Au Collisions at 11.7 A GeV/c

We report on a measurement of phi-meson production in Au+Au collisions at a beam momentum of 11.7 A GeV/c by Experiment E917 at the AGS. The measurement covers the midrapidity region 1.2 < y < 1.6. Transverse-mass spectra and the rapidity distribution are presented as functions of centrality characterized by the number of participant projectile nucleons. The yield of phi's per participant projectile nucleon increases strongly in central collisions in a manner similar to that observed for kaons.

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arXiv2004

Influence of nuclear structure on sub-barrier hindrance in Ni+Ni fusion

Fusion-evaporation cross sections for $^{64}$Ni+$^{64}$Ni have been measured down to the 10 nb level. For fusion between two open-shell nuclei, this is the first observation of a maximum in the $S$-factor, which signals a strong sub-barrier hindrance. A comparison with the $^{58}$Ni+$^{58}$Ni, $^{58}$Ni+$^{60}$Ni, and $^{58}$Ni+$^{64}$Ni systems indicates a strong dependence of the energy where the hindrance occurs on the stiffness of the interacting nuclei.

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arXiv2004

Particle Production at Very Low Transverse Momenta in Au+Au Collisions at s(NN)**1/2 = 200 GeV

We present results on charged particle production at very low transverse momenta in the 15% most central Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV obtained with the PHOBOS detector at RHIC. The invariant yields were measured at mid-rapidity in the transverse momentum ranges from 30 to 50 MeV/c for charged pions, 90 to 130 MeV/c for charged kaons and 140 to 210 MeV/c for protons and antiprotons. No significant enhancement in low transverse momentum particle production is observed as compared to extrapolations of identified particle spectra measured at an intermediate pT range. The spectra tend to flatten at low pT, consistent with the expectations of transverse expansion of the system.

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