arXiv subjects

B. D. Rainford

Publications and source records attributed to B. D. Rainford.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2014

Physical properties of noncentrosymmetric superconductor LaIrSi3: A μSR study

The results of heat capacity C_p(T, H) and electrical resistivity ρ(T,H) measurements down to 0.35 K as well as muon spin relaxation and rotation (\muSR) measurements on a noncentrosymmetric superconductor LaIrSi3 are presented. Powder neutron diffraction confirmed the reported noncentrosymmetric body-centered tetragonal BaNiSn3-type structure (space group I4\,mm) of LaIrSi3. The bulk superconductivity is observed below T_c = 0.72(1) K. The intrinsic ΔC_e/γ_n T_c = 1.09(3) is significantly smaller than the BCS value of 1.43, and this reduction is accounted by the α-model of BCS superconductivity. The analysis of the superconducting state C_e(T) data by the single-band α-model indicates a moderately anisotropic order parameter with the s-wave gap Δ(0)/k_B T_c = 1.54(2) which is lower than the BCS value of 1.764. Our estimates of various normal and superconducting state parameters indicate a weakly coupled electron-phonon driven type-I s-wave superconductivity in LaIrSi3. The \muSR results also confirm the conventional type-I superconductivity in LaIrSi3 with a preserved time reversal symmetry and hence a singlet pairing superconducting ground state.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2014

$μ$SR and inelastic neutron scattering investigations of the noncentrosymmetric antiferromagnet CeNiC$_2$

The magnetic state of the noncentrosymmetric antiferromagnet CeNiC$_2$ has been studied by magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, muon spin relaxation ($μ$SR) and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements. CeNiC$_2$ exhibits three magnetic phase transitions at $T_{N_1}$ = 20 K, $T_{N_2}$ = 10 K and $T_{N_3}$ = 2.5 K. The presence of long range magnetic order below 20 K is confirmed by the observation of oscillations in the $μ$SR spectra between 10 and 20 K and a sharp increase in the muon depolarization rate. INS studies reveal two well-defined crystal electric field (CEF) excitations around 8 and 30 meV. INS data have been analyzed using a CEF model and the wave functions were evaluated. We also calculated the direction and magnitude of the ground state moment using CEF wave functions and compare the results with that proposed from the neutron diffraction. Our CEF model correctly predicts that the moments order along the $b-$axis (or $y$-axis) and the observed magnetic moment is 0.687(5) $μ_B$, which is higher than the moment observed from the neutron diffraction (0.25 $μ_B$/Ce). We attribute the observed reduced moment due to the Kondo screening effect.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2011

Specific heat and $μ$SR study on the noncentrosymmetric superconductor LaRhSi3

We have investigated the superconducting properties of the noncentrosymmetric superconductor LaRhSi$_{3}$ by performing magnetization, specific heat, electrical resistivity and muon spin relaxation ($μ$SR) measurements. LaRhSi$_{3}$ crystallizes with the BaNiSn$_{3}$-type tetragonal structure (space group \textit{I4 mm}) as confirmed through our neutron diffraction study. Magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity and specific heat data reveal a sharp and well defined superconducting transition at $T_{c}$ = 2.16 $\pm$ 0.08 K. The low temperature specific heat data reveal that LaRhSi$_{3}$ is a weakly coupled bulk BCS superconductor and has an s-wave singlet ground state with an isotropic energy gap of $\sim$ 0.3 meV, $2 Δ_{0} /k_{B}T_{c}$ = 3.24. The specific heat data measured in applied magnetic field strongly indicate a type-I behaviour. Type-I superconductivity in this compound is also inferred from the Ginzburg-Landau parameter, $κ$ = 0.25. Various superconducting parameters, including the electron-phonon coupling strength, penetration depth and coherence length, characterize LaRhSi$_{3}$ as a moderate dirty-limit superconductor. A detailed study of the magnetic field-temperature ($H-T$) phase diagram is presented and from a consideration of the free energy, the thermodynamic critical field, $H_{c0}$ is estimated to be 17.1 $\pm$ 0.1 mT, which is in very good agreement with that estimated from the transverse field $μ$SR measurement that gives $H_{c0}$ = 17.2 $\pm$ 0.1 mT. The transverse field $μ$SR results are consistent with conventional type-I superconductivity in this compound. Further, the zero-field $μ$SR results indicate that time reversal symmetry is preserved when entering the superconducting state, also supporting a singlet pairing superconducting ground state in LaRhSi$_{3}$.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2010

Crystal-fields in YbInNi4 determined with magnetic form factor and inelastic neutron scattering

The magnetic form factor of YbInNi4 has been determined via the flipping ratios R with polarized neutron diffraction and the scattering function S(Q,w) was measured in an inelastic neutron scattering experiment. Both experiments were performed with the aim to determine the crystal-field scheme. The magnetic form factor clearly excludes the possibility of a \Gamma7 doublet as the ground state. The inelastic neutron data exhibit two, almost equally strong peaks at 3.2 meV and 4.4 meV which points, in agreement with earlier neutron data, towards a \Gamma8 quartet ground state. Further possibilities like a quasi-quartet ground state are discussed.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2010

The Transition from Heavy Fermion to Mixed Valence in Ce1-xYxAl3: A Quantitative Comparison with the Anderson Impurity Model

We present a neutron scattering investigation of Ce1-xYxAl3 as a function of chemical pressure, which induces a transition from heavy-fermion behavior in CeAl3 (TK=5 K) to a mixed-valence state at x=0.5 (TK=150 K). The crossover can be modeled accurately on an absolute intensity scale by an increase in the k-f hybridization, Vkf, within the Anderson impurity model. Surprisingly, the principal effect of the increasing Vkf is not to broaden the low-energy components of the dynamic magnetic susceptibility but to transfer spectral weight to high energy.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2010

Spin dynamics in the frustrated three-dimensional hyperkagom{é} compound $Gd_3 Ga_5 O_{12}$

We present the first neutron inelastic scattering results on the low temperature magnetic state of the three dimensional hyperkagomé compound Gd$_{3}$Ga$_{5}$O$_{12}$ (GGG). GGG is often classified as a strongly frustrated system with a manifold of continuously connected states. However, in contrast to the expectation of a continuum of gap-less excitations above a spin liquid-like ground state our results reveal three distinct inelastic modes found at 0.04(1), 0.12(2) an 0.58(3) meV at 0.06 K. The inelastic modes can be attributed to the magnetic ground state with the lowest and highest energy excitations showing spatial dependencies indicative of dimerized short range antiferromagnetic correlations. Short range correlations, reminiscent of spin liquid-like order, are static within the instrumental resolution (50 $μ$eV) and represent 82% of the spectral weight. Longer range correlations, first observed by Petrenko, et al.\cite{Petrenko1998, develop below 0.14 ~K within the elastic cross section. The short range static correlations and dynamic components survive to high temperatures, comparable to the nearest neighbor exchange interactions. Our results suggest that the ground state of a three dimensional hyperkagomé compound differs distinctly from its frustrated counterparts on a pyrochlore lattice and reveals a juxtaposition of spin liquid order and strong dimerised coupling.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2008

Spin Glass Order Induced by Dynamic Frustration

Spin glasses are systems whose magnetic moments freeze at low temperature into random orientations without long-range order. It is generally accepted that both frustration and disorder are essential ingredients in all spin glasses, so it was surprising that PrAu2Si2, a stoichiometric compound with a well-ordered crystal structure, was reported to exhibit spin glass freezing. In this article, we report on inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the crystal field excitations, which show that PrAu2Si2 has a singlet ground state and that the exchange coupling is very close to the critical value to induce magnetic order. We propose that spin glass freezing results from dynamic fluctuations of the crystal field levels that destabilize the induced moments and frustrate the development of long-range magnetic correlations. This novel mechanism for producing a frustrated ground state could provide a method of testing the concept of `avoided criticality' in glassy systems.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2005

Non-Fermi-liquid behavior in Ce(Ru$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$)$_2$Ge$_2$: cause and effect

We present inelastic neutron scattering measurements on the intermetallic compounds Ce(Ru$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$)$_2$Ge$_2$ ($x$=0.65, 0.76 and 0.87). These compounds represent samples in a magnetically ordered phase, at a quantum critical point and in the heavy-fermion phase, respectively. We show that at high temperatures the three compositions have the identical response of a local moment system. However, at low temperatures the spin fluctuations in the critical composition are given by non-Fermi-liquid dynamics, while the spin fluctuations in the heavy fermion system show a simple exponential decay in time. In both compositions, the lifetime of the fluctuations is determined solely by the distance to the quantum critical point. We discuss the implications of these observations regarding the possible origins of non-Fermi-liquid behavior in this system.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2003

Exposing the spin glass ground state of the non-superconducting La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$Cu$_{1-y}$Zn$_{y}$O$_4$ high-$T_c$ oxide

We have studied the spin glass behaviour of non-superconducting La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$Cu$_{0.95}$Zn$_{0.05}$O$_4$ ($x=0.10-0.22$). As in the superconducting analogues of these samples the spin glass transition temperature $T_g$ decreases with increasing $x$, and vanishes at $x=0.19$. A local enhancement in $T_g$ at $x=0.12$ is also observed and attributed to stripe ordering. The disappearance of $T_g$ for $x\geq0.19$ is discussed in terms of a quantum phase transition.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2003

A Reduced Moment Magnetic Ordering in a Kondo Lattice Compound: Ce8pd24ga

The magnetic ground state of the antiferromagnet Kondo lattice compound Ce8Pd24Ga has been investigated using neutron powder diffraction, inelastic neutron scattering and zero-field muon spin relaxation measurements. The neutron diffraction analysis, below TN (3.6(0.2)K), reveals a commensurate type-C antiferromagnetic structure with the ordered state magnetic moment of \~0.36 mB/Ce-atom along the cubic <111> direction. The analysis of the inelastic neutron scattering (INS) data based on the crystal field (CF) model reveals a doublet ground state with a ground state moment of 1.29 mB/Ce-atom. The observed magnetic moment from neutron diffraction, which is small compared to the expected value from CF-analysis, is attributed to screening of the local Ce moment by the Kondo effect. This is supported by the observed Kondo-type resistivity and a small change in the entropy of Ce8Pd24Ga at TN. The zero-field muon spin relaxation rate exhibits a sharp increase below TN indicating ordering of Ce moments, in agreement with the neutron diffraction data. The present studies reveal that the physical properties of Ce8Pd24Ga are governed by the onsite Kondo compensation, the moment stabilizing intersite RKKY interaction and the crystal field effect.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2002

Low-frequency spins and the ground state in high-Tc cuprates

We study the spin fluctuations of pure and Zn-substituted high temperature superconductors (HTS) using the muon spin relaxation (muSR) technique. Superconductivity is found to coexist with low frequency spin fluctuations over a large region of the superconducting phase diagram. The characteristic temperature of spin fluctuations detected by muSR decreases with increasing doping and vanishes above a critical doping pc=0.19 where the normal state pseudogap vanishes. Furthermore, it is at pc that our penetration depth studies show an abrupt change in the doping dependence of the superfluid density. For p>pc the absolute value of the superfluid density is large and nearly independent of carrier concentration whereas for p<pc it drops rapidly, signalling a crossover to weak superconductivity. These results are discussed in terms of a quantum transition involving fluctuating short-range magnetic order that separates the superconducting phase diagram of HTS into two distinct ground states.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2002

non-Local Quantum Criticality in Ce(Ru_{1-x} Fe_x)_2 Ge_2 (x = x_c = 0.76)

We present the results of inelastic neutron scattering measurements, performed near the antiferromagnetic quantum critical point in Ce(Ru_{0.24} Fe_{0.76})_2 Ge_2. Both local and long range fluctuations of the local moments are observed, but due to the Kondo effect only the latter are critical. We propose a phenomenological expression which fits the energy $E$, temperature T and wave vector q dependences of the generalized susceptibility chi(q,E,T), describing the non-Fermi liquid E/T scaling found at every wave vector.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2002

Evidence for a generic novel quantum transition in high-Tc cuprates

We study the low-energy spin fluctuations and superfluid density of a series of pure and Zn-substituted high-$T_c$ superconductors (HTS) using the muon spin relaxation and $ac$-susceptibility techniques. At a critical doping state, $p_c$, we find (i) simultaneous abrupt changes in the magnetic spectrum in the superconducting ground state and (ii) that the slowing down of spin fluctuations becomes singular at T=0. These results provide experimental evidence for a novel quantum transition that separates the superconducting phase diagram of HTS into two distinct ground states.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2001

Magnetic Correlations and the Anisotropic Kondo Effect in Ce1-xLaxAl3

By combining the results of muon spin rotation and inelastic neutron scattering in the heavy fermion compounds Ce1-xLaxAl3 (0.0 <= x <= 0.2), we show that static magnetic correlations are suppressed above a characteristic temperature, T*, by electronic dissipation rather than by thermal disorder. Below T*, an energy gap opens in the single-ion magnetic response in agreement with the predictions of the Anisotropic Kondo Model. Scaling arguments suggest that similar behavior may underlie the "hidden order" in URu2Si2.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2001

Giant Magnetoresistance by Exchange Springs in DyFe$_2$/YFe$_2$ Superlattices

Magnetization and magnetoresistance measurements are reported for antiferromagnetically coupled DyFe$_2$/YFe$_2$ multilayers in fields up to 23 T. We demonstrate that the formation of short exchange springs (~ 2 nm) in the magnetically soft YFe$_2$ layers results in a giant magneto-resistance as high as 32% in the spring region. It is shown that both the magnitude of the effect, and its dependence on magnetic field, are in good agreement with the theory of Levy and Zhang for giant magnetoresistance due to domain wall like structures.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2001

Critical Behaviour in the Spin Fluctuations and Superfluid Density of La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$

We study the doping dependence of low frequency spin fluctuations and the zero-temperature superfluid density of La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$ using the muon spin relaxation ($μ$SR) and ac-susceptibility techniques. Superconductivity is found to coexist with low frequency spin fluctuations over a large region of the superconducting phase diagram. The characteristic temperature of spin fluctuations detected by $μ$SR decreases with increasing $x$ and vanishes above a critical doping $x_c\sim 0.19$. This value of $x_c$ coincides with the doping at which the normal state pseudogap extrapolates to zero. The superfluid density behaves in the opposite way to the low frequency spin fluctuations. It increases with $x$ and becomes nearly doping-independent for $x>x_c$. These results are consistent with predictions involving quantum criticality at $x_c$.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2001

Penetration Depth Measurements in MgB_2: Evidence for Unconventional Superconductivity

We have measured the magnetic penetration depth of the recently discovered binary superconductor MgB_2 using muon spin rotation and low field $ac$-susceptibility. From the damping of the muon precession signal we find the penetration depth at zero temperature is about 85nm. The low temperature penetration depth shows a quadratic temperature dependence, indicating the presence of nodes in the superconducting energy gap.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2001

Localized 4f States and Dynamic Jahn-Teller Effect in PrO2

Neutron spectroscopic measurements of the magnetic excitations in PrO$_2$ reveal (1) sharp peaks characteristic of transitions between levels of the $4f^1$ configuration of Pr$^{4+}$ split by the cubic crystal field, and (2) broad bands of scattering centred near 30 meV and 160 meV. We present a simple model based on a vibronic Hamiltonian that accounts for the main features of the data. The analysis shows that $90\pm10$% of the Pr ions have a localized $4f^1$ configuration and provides strong evidence for a dynamic Jahn-Teller effect in the $Γ_8$ electronic ground state.

cond-mat.str-el↗