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B. E. Berger

Publications and source records attributed to B. E. Berger.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Measurement of the $ν_μ$ CCQE cross section on carbon with the ND280 detector at T2K

The Charged-Current Quasi-Elastic (CCQE) interaction, $ν_{l} + n \rightarrow l^{-} + p$, is the dominant CC process at $E_ν\sim 1$ GeV and contributes to the signal in accelerator-based long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments operating at intermediate neutrino energies. This paper reports a measurement by the T2K experiment of the $ν_μ$ CCQE cross section on a carbon target with the off-axis detector based on the observed distribution of muon momentum ($p_μ$) and angle with respect to the incident neutrino beam ($θ_μ$). The flux-integrated CCQE cross section was measured to be $(0.83 \pm 0.12) \times 10^{-38}\textrm{ cm}^{2}$ in good agreement with NEUT MC value of ${0.88 \times 10^{-38}} \textrm{ cm}^{2}$. The energy dependence of the CCQE cross section is also reported. The axial mass, $M_A^{QE}$, of the dipole axial form factor was extracted assuming the Smith-Moniz CCQE model with a relativistic Fermi gas nuclear model. Using the absolute (shape-only) $p_μcosθ_μ$ distribution, the effective $M_A^{QE}$ parameter was measured to be ${1.26^{+0.21}_{-0.18} \textrm{ GeV}/c^{2}}$ (${1.43^{+0.28}_{-0.22} \textrm{ GeV}/c^{2}}$).

hep-ex↗

Search for double-beta decay of 136Xe to excited states of 136Ba with the KamLAND-Zen experiment

A search for double-beta decays of 136Xe to excited states of 136Ba has been performed with the first phase data set of the KamLAND-Zen experiment. The 0+1, 2+1 and 2+2 transitions of 0ν\{beta}\{beta} decay were evaluated in an exposure of 89.5kg-yr of 136Xe, while the same transitions of 2ν\{beta}\{beta} decay were evaluated in an exposure of 61.8kg-yr. No excess over background was found for all decay modes. The lower half-life limits of the 2+1 state transitions of 0ν\{beta}\{beta} and 2ν\{beta}\{beta} decay were improved to T(0ν, 0+ \rightarrow 2+) > 2.6\times10^25 yr and T(2ν, 0+ \rightarrow 2+) > 4.6\times10^23 yr (90% C.L.), respectively. We report on the first experimental lower half-life limits for the transitions to the 0+1 state of 136Xe for 0ν\{beta}\{beta} and 2ν\{beta}\{beta} decay. They are T (0ν, 0+ \rightarrow 0+) > 2.4\times10^25 yr and T(2ν, 0+ \rightarrow 0+) > 8.3\times10^23 yr (90% C.L.). The transitions to the 2+2 states are also evaluated for the first time to be T(0ν, 0+ \rightarrow 2+) > 2.6\times10^25 yr and T(2ν, 0+ \rightarrow 2+) > 9.0\times10^23 yr (90% C.L.). These results are compared to recent theoretical predictions.

hep-ex↗

7Be Solar Neutrino Measurement with KamLAND

We report a measurement of the neutrino-electron elastic scattering rate of 862 keV 7Be solar neutrinos based on a 165.4 kton-day exposure of KamLAND. The observed rate is 582 +/- 90 (kton-day)^-1, which corresponds to a 862 keV 7Be solar neutrino flux of (3.26 +/- 0.50) x 10^9 cm^-2s^-1, assuming a pure electron flavor flux. Comparing this flux with the standard solar model prediction and further assuming three flavor mixing, a nu_e survival probability of 0.66 +/- 0.14 is determined from the KamLAND data. Utilizing a global three flavor oscillation analysis, we obtain a total 7Be solar neutrino flux of (5.82 +/- 0.98) x 10^9 cm^-2s^-1, which is consistent with the standard solar model predictions.

hep-ex↗

Study of electron anti-neutrinos associated with gamma-ray bursts using KamLAND

We search for electron anti-neutrinos ($\overlineν_e$) from long and short-duration gamma-ray bursts~(GRBs) using data taken by the KamLAND detector from August 2002 to June 2013. No statistically significant excess over the background level is found. We place the tightest upper limits on $\overlineν_e$ fluence from GRBs below 7 MeV and place first constraints on the relation between $\overlineν_e$ luminosity and effective temperature.

astro-ph.HE↗

Measurement of the $ν_μ$ charged current quasi-elastic cross-section on carbon with the T2K on-axis neutrino beam

We report a measurement of the $ν_μ$ charged current quasi-elastic cross-sections on carbon in the T2K on-axis neutrino beam. The measured charged current quasi-elastic cross-sections on carbon at mean neutrino energies of 1.94 GeV and 0.93 GeV are $(11.95\pm 0.19(stat.)_{-1.47}^{+1.82} (syst.))\times 10^{-39}\mathrm{cm}^2/\mathrm{neutron}$ and $(10.64\pm 0.37(stat.)_{-1.65}^{+2.03} (syst.))\times 10^{-39}\mathrm{cm}^2/\mathrm{neutron}$, respectively. These results agree well with the predictions of neutrino interaction models. In addition, we investigated the effects of the nuclear model and the multi-nucleon interaction.

hep-ex↗

Measurement of the Electron Neutrino Charged-current Interaction Rate on Water with the T2K ND280 pi-zero Detector

This paper presents a measurement of the charged current interaction rate of the electron neutrino beam component of the beam above $1.5$~GeV using the large fiducial mass of the T2K $π^0$ detector. The predominant poriton of the $ν_e$ flux ($\sim$85 %) at these energies comes from kaon decays. The measured ratio of the observed beam interaction rate to the predicted rate in the detector with water targets filled is 0.89 $\pm$ 0.08 (stat.) $\pm$ 0.11 (sys.), and with the water targets emptied is 0.90 $\pm$ 0.09 (stat.) $\pm$ 0.13 (sys.). The ratio obtained for the interactions on water only from an event subtraction method is 0.87 $\pm$ 0.33 (stat.) $\pm$ 0.21 (sys.). This is the first measurement of the interaction rate of electron neutrinos on water, which is particularly of interest to experiments with water Cherenkov detectors.

hep-ex↗

Measurements of neutrino oscillation in appearance and disappearance channels by the T2K experiment with 6.6E20 protons on target

We report on measurements of neutrino oscillation using data from the T2K long-baseline neutrino experiment collected between 2010 and 2013. In an analysis of muon neutrino disappearance alone, we find the following estimates and 68% confidence intervals for the two possible mass hierarchies: Normal Hierarchy: $\sin^2θ_{23}=0.514^{+0.055}_{-0.056}$ and $Δm^2_{32}=(2.51\pm0.10)\times 10^{-3}$ eV$^2$/c$^4$ Inverted Hierarchy: $\sin^2θ_{23}=0.511\pm0.055$ and $Δm^2_{13}=(2.48\pm0.10)\times 10^{-3}$ eV$^2$/c$^4$ The analysis accounts for multi-nucleon mechanisms in neutrino interactions which were found to introduce negligible bias. We describe our first analyses that combine measurements of muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance to estimate four oscillation parameters and the mass hierarchy. Frequentist and Bayesian intervals are presented for combinations of these parameters, with and without including recent reactor measurements. At 90% confidence level and including reactor measurements, we exclude the region: $δ_{CP}=[0.15,0.83]π$ for normal hierarchy and $δ_{CP}=[-0.08,1.09]π$ for inverted hierarchy. The T2K and reactor data weakly favor the normal hierarchy with a Bayes Factor of 2.2. The most probable values and 68% 1D credible intervals for the other oscillation parameters, when reactor data are included, are: $\sin^2θ_{23}=0.528^{+0.055}_{-0.038}$ and $|Δm^2_{32}|=(2.51\pm0.11)\times 10^{-3}$ eV$^2$/c$^4$.

hep-ex↗

A compact ultra-clean system for deploying radioactive sources inside the KamLAND detector

We describe a compact, ultra-clean device used to deploy radioactive sources along the vertical axis of the KamLAND liquid-scintillator neutrino detector for purposes of calibration. The device worked by paying out and reeling in precise lengths of a hanging, small-gauge wire rope (cable); an assortment of interchangeable radioactive sources could be attached to a weight at the end of the cable. All components exposed to the radiopure liquid scintillator were made of chemically compatible UHV-cleaned materials, primarily stainless steel, in order to avoid contaminating or degrading the scintillator. To prevent radon intrusion, the apparatus was enclosed in a hermetically sealed housing inside a glove box, and both volumes were regularly flushed with purified nitrogen gas. An infrared camera attached to the side of the housing permitted real-time visual monitoring of the cable's motion, and the system was controlled via a graphical user interface.

physics.ins-det↗

Neutrino Oscillation Physics Potential of the T2K Experiment

The observation of the recent electron neutrino appearance in a muon neutrino beam and the high-precision measurement of the mixing angle $θ_{13}$ have led to a re-evaluation of the physics potential of the T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. Sensitivities are explored for CP violation in neutrinos, non-maximal $\sin^22θ_{23}$, the octant of $θ_{23}$, and the mass hierarchy, in addition to the measurements of $δ_{CP}$, $\sin^2θ_{23}$, and $Δm^2_{32}$, for various combinations of $ν$-mode and \(\barν\)-mode data-taking. With an exposure of $7.8\times10^{21}$~protons-on-target, T2K can achieve 1-$σ$ resolution of 0.050(0.054) on $\sin^2θ_{23}$ and $0.040(0.045)\times10^{-3}~\rm{eV}^2$ on $Δm^2_{32}$ for 100\%(50\%) neutrino beam mode running assuming $\sin^2θ_{23}=0.5$ and $Δm^2_{32} = 2.4\times10^{-3}$ eV$^2$. T2K will have sensitivity to the CP-violating phase $δ_{\rm{CP}}$ at 90\% C.L. or better over a significant range. For example, if $\sin^22θ_{23}$ is maximal (i.e $θ_{23}$=$45^\circ$) the range is $-115^\circ<δ_{\rm{CP}}<-60^\circ$ for normal hierarchy and $+50^\circ<δ_{\rm{CP}}<+130^\circ$ for inverted hierarchy. When T2K data is combined with data from the NO$ν$A experiment, the region of oscillation parameter space where there is sensitivity to observe a non-zero $δ_{CP}$ is substantially increased compared to if each experiment is analyzed alone.

hep-ex↗

Measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current interaction cross section by observing nuclear deexcitation $γ$ rays

We report the first measurement of the neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielastic (NCQE) cross section. It is obtained by observing nuclear deexcitation $γ$-rays which follow neutrino-oxygen interactions at the Super-Kamiokande water Cherenkov detector. We use T2K data corresponding to $3.01 \times 10^{20}$ protons on target. By selecting only events during the T2K beam window and with well-reconstructed vertices in the fiducial volume, the large background rate from natural radioactivity is dramatically reduced. We observe 43 events in the $4-30$ MeV reconstructed energy window, compared with an expectation of 51.0, which includes an estimated 16.2 background events. The background is primarily nonquasielastic neutral-current interactions and has only 1.2 events from natural radioactivity. The flux-averaged NCQE cross section we measure is $1.55 \times 10^{-38}$ cm$^2$ with a 68\% confidence interval of $(1.22, 2.20) \times 10^{-38}$ cm$^2$ at a median neutrino energy of 630 MeV, compared with the theoretical prediction of $2.01 \times 10^{-38}$ cm$^2$.

hep-ex↗

Search for short baseline $ν_e$ disappearance with the T2K near detector

The T2K experiment has performed a search for $ν_e$ disappearance due to sterile neutrinos using $5.9 \times 10^{20}$ protons on target for a baseline of $280 m$ in a neutrino beam peaked at about $500 MeV$. A sample of ν_e CC interactions in the off-axis near detector has been selected with a purity of 63\% and an efficiency of 26\%. The p-value for the null hypothesis is 0.085 and the excluded region at 95\% CL is approximately $sin^2 2 θ_{ee} > 0.3$ for $Δm^2_{eff} > 7 eV^2 / c^4$.

hep-ex↗

Measurement of the intrinsic electron neutrino component in the T2K neutrino beam with the ND280 detector

The T2K experiment has reported the first observation of the appearance of electron neutrinos in a muon neutrino beam. The main and irreducible background to the appearance signal comes from the presence in the neutrino beam of a small intrinsic component of electron neutrinos originating from muon and kaon decays. In T2K, this component is expected to represent 1.2% of the total neutrino flux. A measurement of this component using the near detector (ND280), located 280 m from the target, is presented. The charged current interactions of electron neutrinos are selected by combining the particle identification capabilities of both the time projection chambers and electromagnetic calorimeters of ND280. The measured ratio between the observed electron neutrino beam component and the prediction is 1.01+-0.10 providing a direct confirmation of the neutrino fluxes and neutrino cross section modeling used for T2K neutrino oscillation analyses. Electron neutrinos coming from muons and kaons decay are also separately measured, resulting in a ratio with respect to the prediction of 0.68+-0.30 and 1.10+-0.14, respectively.

hep-ex↗

Measurement of the inclusive $ν_μ$ charged current cross section on iron and hydrocarbon in the T2K on-axis neutrino beam

We report a measurement of the $ν_μ$ inclusive charged current cross sections on iron and hydrocarbon in the T2K on-axis neutrino beam. The measured inclusive charged current cross sections on iron and hydrocarbon averaged over the T2K on-axis flux with a mean neutrino energy of 1.51 GeV are $(1.444\pm0.002(stat.)_{-0.157}^{+0.189}(syst.))\times 10^{-38}\mathrm{cm}^2/\mathrm{nucleon}$, and $(1.379\pm0.009(stat.)_{-0.147}^{+0.178}(syst.))\times 10^{-38}\mathrm{cm}^2/\mathrm{nucleon}$, respectively, and their cross section ratio is $1.047\pm0.007(stat.)\pm0.035(syst.)$. These results agree well with the predictions of the neutrino interaction model, and thus we checked the correct treatment of the nuclear effect for iron and hydrocarbon targets in the model within the measurement precisions.

hep-ex↗

Measurement of the Inclusive Electron Neutrino Charged Current Cross Section on Carbon with the T2K Near Detector

The T2K off-axis near detector, ND280, is used to make the first differential cross-section measurements of electron neutrino charged current interactions at energies ~1 GeV as a function of electron momentum, electron scattering angle and four-momentum transfer of the interaction. The total flux-averaged $ν_e$ charged current cross-section on carbon is measured to be $1.11\pm0.09~(stat)\pm0.18~(syst)\times10^{-38} cm^2/nucleon$. The differential and total cross-section measurements agree with the predictions of two leading neutrino interaction generators, NEUT and GENIE. The NEUT prediction is $1.23\times10^{-38} cm^2/nucleon$ and the GENIE prediction is $1.08\times10^{-38} cm^2/nucleon$. The total $ν_e$ charged current cross-section result is also in agreement with data from the Gargamelle experiment.

hep-ex↗

Precise Measurement of the Neutrino Mixing Parameter θ_{23} from Muon Neutrino Disappearance in an Off-axis Beam

New data from the T2K neutrino oscillation experiment produce the most precise measurement of the neutrino mixing parameter theta_{23}. Using an off-axis neutrino beam with a peak energy of 0.6 GeV and a data set corresponding to 6.57 x 10^{20} protons on target, T2K has fit the energy-dependent nu_mu oscillation probability to determine oscillation parameters. Marginalizing over the values of other oscillation parameters yields sin^2 (theta_{23}) = 0.514 +0.055/-0.056 (0.511 +- 0.055), assuming normal (inverted) mass hierarchy. The best-fit mass-squared splitting for normal hierarchy is Delta m^2_{32} = (2.51 +- 0.10) x 10^{-3} eV^2/c^4 (inverted hierarchy: Delta m^2_{13} = (2.48 +- 0.10) x 10^{-3} eV^2/c^4). Adding a model of multinucleon interactions that affect neutrino energy reconstruction is found to produce only small biases in neutrino oscillation parameter extraction at current levels of statistical uncertainty.

hep-ex↗

Observation of Electron Neutrino Appearance in a Muon Neutrino Beam

The T2K experiment has observed electron neutrino appearance in a muon neutrino beam produced 295 km from the Super-Kamiokande detector with a peak energy of 0.6 GeV. A total of 28 electron neutrino events were detected with an energy distribution consistent with an appearance signal, corresponding to a significance of 7.3$σ$ when compared to 4.92 $\pm$ 0.55 expected background events. In the PMNS mixing model, the electron neutrino appearance signal depends on several parameters including three mixing angles $θ_{12}$, $θ_{23}$, $θ_{13}$, a mass difference $Δm^2_{32}$ and a CP violating phase $δ_{\mathrm{CP}}$. In this neutrino oscillation scenario, assuming $|Δm^2_{32}| = 2.4 \times 10^{-3}$ $\rm eV^2$, $\sin^2 θ_{23} = 0.5$, and $Δm^2_{32} >0$ ($Δm^2_{32} <0$), a best-fit value of $\sin^2 2 θ_{13}$ = $0.140^{+0.038}_{-0.032}$ ($0.170^{+0.045}_{-0.037}$) is obtained at $δ_{\mathrm{CP}}=0$. When combining the result with the current best knowledge of oscillation parameters including the world average value of $θ_{13}$ from reactor experiments, some values of $δ_{\mathrm{CP}}$ are disfavored at the 90% CL.

hep-ex↗

CeLAND: search for a 4th light neutrino state with a 3 PBq 144Ce-144Pr electron antineutrino generator in KamLAND

The reactor neutrino and gallium anomalies can be tested with a 3-4 PBq (75-100 kCi scale) 144Ce-144Pr antineutrino beta-source deployed at the center or next to a large low-background liquid scintillator detector. The antineutrino generator will be produced by the Russian reprocessing plant PA Mayak as early as 2014, transported to Japan, and deployed in the Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Anti-Neutrino Detector (KamLAND) as early as 2015. KamLAND's 13 m diameter target volume provides a suitable environment to measure the energy and position dependence of the detected neutrino flux. A characteristic oscillation pattern would be visible for a baseline of about 10 m or less, providing a very clean signal of neutrino disappearance into a yet-unknown, sterile neutrino state. This will provide a comprehensive test of the electron dissaperance neutrino anomalies and could lead to the discovery of a 4th neutrino state for Delta_m^2 > 0.1 eV^2 and sin^2(2theta) > 0.05.

physics.ins-det↗

Laboratory Studies on the Removal of Radon-Born Lead from KamLAND's Organic Liquid Scintillator

The removal of radioactivity from liquid scintillator has been studied in preparation of a low background phase of KamLAND. This paper describes the methods and techniques developed to measure and efficiently extract radon decay products from liquid scintillator. We report the radio-isotope reduction factors obtained when applying various extraction methods. During this study, distillation was identified as the most efficient method for removing radon daughters from liquid scintillator.

physics.ins-det↗