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B. J. Powell

Publications and source records attributed to B. J. Powell.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Accelerating dynamical mean-field theory convergence by preconditioning with computationally cheaper quantum embedding methods

Dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) is a cornerstone technique for studying strongly correlated electronic systems. However, each DMFT step is computationally demanding, and many iterations can be required to achieve convergence. Here, we accelerate the convergence of DMFT by initializing its self-consistent cycle with solutions from computationally cheaper and more approximate methods. We compare the initialization with the non-interacting solution to a range of quantum embedding compatible approaches: Hartree-Fock, the Hubbard-I approximation, rotationally invariant slave bosons (RISB), and its ghost extension (g-RISB). We find that these initializations can reduce the number of DMFT iterations by up to an order of magnitude, with g-RISB providing the most effective and reliable benefits. In most regimes, initializing with g-RISB and performing a single DMFT iteration suffices to recover the full dynamical structure. The improvement in convergence is controlled by the initial solution's accuracy in the low-energy part of the self-energy, on the scale of the non-interacting bandwidth. This strategy is especially effective at the Mott insulator-metal transition, where an initialization from the non-interacting limit can lead to a breakdown of DMFT due to the sign problem. Our results establish the usage of accurate yet cheaper quantum embedding methods as a powerful means to substantially reduce the computational cost of DMFT, particularly in regimes where convergence is slow or prone to failure.

cond-mat.str-el

Quantum simulation of thermodynamics: Maxwell relations for pair correlations

Quantum simulators hold enormous promise for advancing the modelling of materials and understanding emergent physics, such as high temperature superconductivity and topological order. While correlation functions are, typically, straightforward to measure in quantum simulators, thermodynamic properties are not. This limits our ability to directly compare the results of quantum simulations to experiments on the materials being modelled. Maxwell relations are an extremely powerful tool for characterising complex materials, as they enable the determination of challenging-to-measure thermodynamic properties from more accessible ones. Here, we introduce generalised Maxwell relations that relate every thermodynamic quantity to a single local correlation function. We illustrate their utility by deducing the thermodynamic properties of several iconic quantum many-body models from pair correlation functions using the generalised Maxwell relations. We show that this {universal} approach is readily accessible in quantum simulators and suggest applications to condensed matter systems where thermodynamic measurements are challenging, such as atomically thin materials.

quant-ph

Flat bands and unconventional superconductivity in a simple model of metal-organic frameworks

The superconducting metal-organic framework Cu-BHT forms a kagome lattice with metals at the vertices and ligands along the bonds. This bipartite motif is common in reticular materials. We show that a tight-binding model on this lattice yields partially occupied interference-induced flat bands at half-filling with large gaps between them and all other bands. Long-range hopping induces curvature in the bands but leaves them flatter and more isolated than those in twisted bilayer graphene. The slave boson theory of the t-J model on this lattice shows highly unconventional superconductivity including an f -wave singlet phase. Thus, framework materials provide an ideal lattice-driven approach to strongly correlated phenomena in flat bands at high electronic densities.

cond-mat.supr-con

Raman scattering signatures of spinons and triplons in frustrated antiferromagnets

Magnetically frustrated spin systems compose a significant proportion of topological quantum spin liquid candidates. Evidence for spin liquids in these materials comes largely from the detection of fractionalised spin-1/2 quasiparticles, known as spinons. However, the one-dimensional Heisenberg chain, which is topologically trivial, also hosts spinons. Thus, observing spinons does not necessarily signify long-range entanglement. Here, we show that spinons arising from one-dimensional physics leave a clear fingerprint in magnetic Raman scattering. We achieve this by calculating the magnetic Raman intensity of coupled Heisenberg chains. Our findings are in excellent agreement with the magnetic Raman scattering measurements on the anisotropic triangular antiferromagnet Ca$_3$ReO$_5$Cl$_2$.

cond-mat.str-el

Gapless spinons and a field-induced soliton gap in the hyper-honeycomb Cu oxalate framework compound [(C$_{2}$H$_{5}$)$_{3}$NH]$_{2}$Cu$_{2}$(C$_{2}$O$_{4}$)$_{3}$

We report a detailed study of the specific heat and magnetic susceptibility of single crystals of a spin liquid candidate: the hyper-honeycomb Cu oxalate framework compound [(C$_2$H$_5$)$_3$NH]$_2$Cu$_2$(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$. The specific heat shows no anomaly associated with a magnetic transition at low temperatures down to $T\sim$ 180 mK in zero magnetic field. We observe a large linear-in-$T$ contribution to the specific heat $γT$, $γ= 98(1)$ mK/mol K$^{2}$, at low temperatures, indicative of the presence of fermionic excitations despite the Mott insulating state. The low-$T$ specific heat is strongly suppressed by applied magnetic fields $H$, which induce an energy gap, $Δ(H)$, in the spin-excitation spectrum. We use the four-component relativistic density-functional theory (DFT) to calculate the magnetic interactions, including the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya antisymmetric exchange, which causes an effective staggered field acting on one copper sublattice. The magnitude and field dependence of the field-induced gap, $Δ(H) \propto H^{2/3}$, are accurately predicted by the soliton mass calculated from the sine-Gordon model of weakly coupled antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains with all parameters determined by our DFT calculations. Thus our experiment and calculations are entirely consistent with a model of [(C$_2$H$_5$)$_3$NH]$_2$Cu$_2$(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$ in which anisotropic magnetic exchange interactions due to Jahn-Teller distortion cause one copper sublattice to dimerize, leaving a second sublattice of weakly coupled antiferromagnetic chains. We also show that this model quantitatively accounts for the measured temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility. Thus [(C$_2$H$_5$)$_3$NH]$_2$Cu$_2$(C$_2$O$_4$)$_3$ is a canonical example of a one-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet and not a resonating-valence-bond quantum spin liquid, as previously proposed.

cond-mat.str-el

$C_3$ symmetry breaking metal-insulator transitions in a flat band in the half-filled Hubbard model on the decorated honeycomb lattice

We study the single-orbital Hubbard model on the half-filled decorated honeycomb lattice. In the non-interacting theory at half-filling the Fermi energy lies within a flat band where strong correlations are enhanced. The lattice is highly frustrated. We find a correlation driven first-order metal-insulator transition to two different insulating ground states - a dimer valence bond solid Mott insulator when inter-triangle correlations dominate, and a broken $\mathcal{C}_3$-symmetry antiferromagnet that arises from frustration when intra-triangle correlations dominate. The metal-insulator transitions into these two phases have very different characters. The metal-broken $\mathcal{C}_3$ antiferromagnetic transition is driven by spontaneous $\mathcal{C}_3$ symmetry breaking that lifts the topologically required degeneracy at the Fermi energy and opens an energy gap in the quasiparticle spectrum. The metal-dimer valence bond solid transition breaks no symmetries of the Hamiltonian. It is caused by strong correlations renormalizing the electronic structure into a phase that is adiabatically connected to both the trivial band insulator and the ground state of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg model in the relevant parameter regime. Therefore, neither of these metal-insulator transitions can be understood in either the Brinkmann-Rice or Slater paradigms.

cond-mat.str-el

Spin-$0$ Mott insulator to metal to spin-$1$ Mott insulator transition in the single-orbital Hubbard model on the decorated honeycomb lattice

We study the interplay of strong electron correlations and intra-triangle spin exchange at two-thirds filling of the single-orbital Hubbard model on the decorated honeycomb lattice using rotationally invariant slave bosons. We find that the spin exchange tunes between a spin-$1$ Mott insulator, a metal, and a spin-$0$ Mott insulator when the exchange is antiferromagnetic. The Mott insulators occur from effective intra-triangle multi-orbital interactions and are adiabatically connected to the ground state of an isolated triangle. An antiferromagnetic spin exchange, as determined by the Goodenough-Kanamori rules, may occur in coordination polymers from kinetic exchange via the ligands. We characterize the magnetism in the regime where spin-triplets dominate. For small $U$ a spin-$1$ Slater insulator occurs with antiferromagnetic order between triangles. Magnetism in the spin-$1$ Mott insulator is described by a spin-$1$ Heisenberg model on a honeycomb lattice, whose ground state is Néel ordered.

cond-mat.str-el

$x$-[Pd(dmit)$_2$]$_2$ as a quasi-1D, scalene Heisenberg model

From first principles, we calculate the Heisenberg interactions between neighboring dimers in several compounds within the Et$_{n}$Me$_{4-n}X$[Pd(dmit)$_2$]$_2$ (Et = ethyl, Me = methyl, dmit = 2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolate) family using an atomistic approach; with broken-symmetry density functional theory. In all materials, we find a scalene triangular model where the strongest exchange coupling along one crystallographic axis is up to three times larger than the others and that frustration further enhances this quasi-one-dimensionality. We calculate the Néel ordering temperature via the chain random phase approximation (CRPA). We show that the difference in the frustrated interchain couplings is equivalent to a single bipartite interchain coupling, favoring long-range magnetic order. We find that the Néel ordering temperatures are in good agreement with the experimentally measured values for most compounds.

cond-mat.str-el

Fate of the Hebel-Slichter peak in superconductors with strong antiferromagnetic fluctuations

We show that magnetic fluctuations can destroy the Hebel-Slichter peak in conventional superconductors. The Hebel-Slichter peak has previously been expected to survive even in the presence of strong electronic interactions. However, we show that antiferromagnetic fluctuations suppress the peak at $\bf{q}=0$ in the imaginary part of the magnetic susceptibility, $χ_{+-}''\left(\bf{q},ω\right)$, which causes the Hebel-Slichter peak. This is of general interest as in many materials superconductivity is found near a magnetically ordered phase, and the absence of a Hebel-Slichter peak is taken as evidence of unconventional superconductivity in these systems. For example, no Hebel-Slichter peak is observed in the $κ$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2X$ organic superconductors but heat capacity measurements have been taken to indicate $s$-wave superconductivity. If antiferromagnetic fluctuations destroy the putative Hebel-Slichter peak in organic superconductors then the peak should be restored by applying a pressure, which is known to suppress antiferromagnetic correlations in these materials.

cond-mat.supr-con

Multiple insulating phases due to the interplay of strong correlations and lattice geometry in a single-orbital Hubbard model

We report ten ground states arising from strong correlations in the single-orbital Hubbard model on the decorated honeycomb lattice; including Dirac metals, flat-band ferromagnets, real-space Mott insulators, dimer and trimer Mott insulators, and a spin-$1$ Mott insulator. The rich phase diagram arises from structures within the unit cell. Hence, such states are absent on simpler lattices. We argue that such insulating phases are prevalent on decorated lattices. These are found in many materials and common in coordination polymers, providing a playground to explore this physics.

cond-mat.str-el

The princess and the pea: on the outsized role of inter-layer ligands in copper-pyrazine antiferromagnets

We investigate the cause of exchange anisotropy in a family of copper-based, quasi-two-dimensional materials with very similar geometries. This family differs mainly in the inter-layer separation, but have very different magnetic interactions even within the basal plane. We use density functional theory and Wannier functions to parameterize two complimentary tight-binding models and show that the superexchange between the Cu(II) ions is dominated by a through-space interaction between hybrid Cu-pyrazine orbitals centered on the copper atoms. We find no correlations between the strength of this exchange interaction with homologous geometric features across the compounds, such as Cu and pyrazine bond lengths and orientations of nearby counter-ions. We find that the pyrazine tilt angles do not affect the Cu-pyrazine-Cu exchange because the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital on the pyrazine is at a very high energy (relative to the frontier orbitals, which are Cu-based). We conclude that the anisotropy of magnetic interactions within this family of materials is largely unpredictable before the crystal structure is firmly established -- it is due to non-homologous geometric features such as the inter-layer organic ligands previously thought to be benign.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci

Spin-state smectics in spin crossover materials

We show that a simple two dimensional model of spin crossover materials gives rise to spin-state smectic phases where the pattern of high-spin (HS) and low-spin (LS) metal centers spontaneously breaks rotational symmetry and translational symmetry in one direction only. The spin-state smectics are distinct thermodynamic phases and give rise to plateaus in the fraction of HS metal centers. Smectic order leads to lines of Bragg peaks in the x-ray and neutron scattering structure factors. We identify two smectic phases and show that both are ordered in one direction, but disordered in the other, and hence that their residual entropy scales with the linear dimension of the system. This is intermediate to spin-state ices (examples of `spin-state liquids') where the residual entropy scales with the system volume, and antiferroeleastic ordered phases (examples of `spin-state crystals') where the residual entropy is independent of the size of the system.

cond-mat.str-el

Structure-property relationships and the mechanisms of multistep transitions in spin crossover materials and frameworks

Spin crossover frameworks and molecular crystals display fascinating collective behaviours. This includes multi-step transitions with hysteresis and a wide variety of long-range ordered patterns of high-spin and low-spin metal centres. From both practical and fundamental perspectives it is important to understand the mechanisms behind these collective behaviours. We study a simple model of elastic interactions and identify thirty six different spin-state ordered phases. We observe spin-state transitions with between one and eight steps. These include both sharp transitions and crossovers, and both complete and incomplete spin crossover. We demonstrate structure-property relationships that explain these differences. These arise because through-bond interactions are antiferroelastic (favour metal centres with different spin-states); whereas, through-space interactions are typically ferroelastic (favour the same spin-state). In general, rigid materials with longer range elastic interactions lead to transitions with more steps and more diverse spin-state ordering, which explains why both are prominent in frameworks.

cond-mat.str-el

Multiple Coulomb phases with temperature tunable ice rules in pyrochlore spin crossover materials

Spin crossover molecules have two accessible states: high spin (HS) and low spin (LS). We show that, on the pyrochlore lattice, elastic interactions between SCO molecules can give rise to three spin-state ice phases. Each is a ``Coulomb phase'' where a local ice-rule can be mapped to a divergence free gauge field and the low energy excitations carry a spin fractionalized midway between the LS and HS states. The unique nature of spin crossover materials allows temperature to change the ice rules allowing straightforward access to Coulomb phases not yet observed in water or spin ices.

cond-mat.str-el

Frustration, ring exchange, and the absence of long-range order in EtMe$_3$Sb[Pd(dmit)$_2$]$_2$: from first principles to many-body theory

We parameterize Hubbard and spin models for EtMe$_3$Sb[Pd(dmit)$_2$]$_2$ from broken symmetry density functional calculations. This gives a scalene triangular model where the largest net exchange interaction is three times larger than the mean interchain coupling. The chain random phase approximation shows that the difference in the interchain couplings is equivalent to a bipartite interchain coupling, favoring long-range magnetic order. This competes with ring exchange, which favors quantum disorder. Ring exchange wins. We predict that the thermal conductivity, $κ$, along the chain direction is much larger than that along the crystallographic axes and that $κ/T\rightarrow0$ as $T\rightarrow0$ along the crystallographic axes, but that $κ/T\rightarrow\textrm{a constant}>0$ as $T\rightarrow0$ along the chain direction.

cond-mat.str-el

Interplay of dipoles and spins in $κ$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2X$, where $X=$ Hg(SCN)$_2$Cl, Hg(SCN)$_2$Br, Cu[N(CN)$_2$]Cl, Cu[N(CN)$_2$]Br, and Ag$_2$(CN)$_3$

We combine first principles density functional calculations with empirical relationships for the Coulomb interactions in the `monomer' model of $κ$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2X$. This enables us to calculate the parameters for the model of coupled dipolar and spin degrees of freedom proposed by Hotta [Phys. Rev. B $\textbf{82}$, 241104 (2010)], and Naka and Ishihara [J. Phys. Soc. Japan $\textbf{79}$, 063707 (2010)]. In all materials studied, retaining only the largest interactions leads to a transverse field Ising model of the dipoles. This quantifies, justifies and confirms recent claims that the dipoles are of crucial importance for understanding these materials. We show that two effects are responsible for a range of behaviors found in the dipoles in different $κ$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2X$ salts. (i) The inter-dimer hopping, $t_{b1}$, which gives rise to the "transverse field" in the Ising model for the dipoles ($H^T=2t_{b1}$), is between a third and a tenth smaller in the mercuric materials than for the mercury-free salts. (ii) The Ising model of dipoles is in the quasi-one-dimensional limit for the mercuric salts, but quasi-two-dimensional (between the square and isotropic triangular limits) for the mercury-free materials. Thus, the dimensionless critical field is much smaller in the mercuric compounds. Effect (ii) is much larger than effect (i). Simple explanations of both effects based on the band structures of the different salts are given. We show that dipolar order and even short-range dipolar correlations have a profound impact on the nature of the interdimer magnetic (superexchange) interactions. For example, dipole crystallization drives the materials towards quasi-one-dimensional magnetic interactions, which could be important for understanding the spin liquids found in some of these materials.

cond-mat.str-el

Towards mechanomagnetics in elastic crystals: insights from [Cu(acac)$_2$]

We predict that the magnetic properties of \cuacac, an elastically flexible crystal, change dramatically when the crystal is bent. We find that unbent \cuacac\ is an almost perfect Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid. Broken-symmetry density functional calculations reveal that the magnetic exchange interactions along the chains is an order of magnitude larger than the interchain exchange. The geometrically frustrated interchain interactions cannot magnetically order the material at any experimentally accessible temperature. The ordering temperature ($T_N$), calculated from the chain random phase approximation, increases by approximately 24 orders of magnitude when the material is bent. We demonstrate that geometric frustration both suppresses $T_N$ and enhances the sensitivity of $T_N$ to bending. In \cuacac, $T_N$ is extremely sensitive to bending, but remains too low for practical applications, even when bent. Partially frustrated materials could achieve the balance of high $T_N$ and good sensitivity to bending required for practical applications of mechanomagnetic elastic crystals.

cond-mat.str-el

Microwave Conductivity Distinguishes Between Different d-wave States: Umklapp Scattering in Unconventional Superconductors

Microwave conductivity experiments can directly measure the quasiparticle scattering rate in the superconducting state. We show that this, combined with knowledge of the Fermi surface geometry, allows one to distinguish between closely related superconducting order parameters, e.g., d$_{x^2-y^2}$ and d$_{xy}$ superconductivity. We benchmark this method on YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-δ}$ and, unsurprisingly, confirm that this is a d$_{x^2-y^2}$ superconductor. We then apply our method to $κ$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$Cu[N(CN)$_2$]Br, which we discover is a d$_{xy}$ superconductor.

cond-mat.supr-con