arXiv subjects

B. Liebchen

Publications and source records attributed to B. Liebchen.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2021

MD Simulations of Charged Binary Mixtures Reveal a Generic Relation Between High- and Low-Temperature Behavior

Experimental studies of the glassy slowdown in molecular liquids indicate that the high-temperature activation energy $E_{\infty}$ of glass-forming liquids is directly related to their glass transition temperature $T_{\text{g}}$. To further investigate such a possible relation between high- and low-temperature dynamics in glass-forming liquids, we analyze the glassy dynamics of binary mixtures using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We consider a binary mixture of charged Lennard-Jones particles and vary the partial charges of the particles, and thus, the high-temperature activation energy and the glass transition temperature of the system. Based on previous results, we introduce a phenomenological model describing relaxation times over the whole temperature regime from high temperatures to temperatures well inside the supercooled regime. By investigating the dynamics of both particle species on molecular and diffusive length scales along isochoric and isobaric pathways, we find a quadratic charge dependence of both $E_{\infty}$ and $T_{\text{g}}$, resulting in an approximately constant ratio of both quantities independent of the underlying observable, the thermodynamic ensemble, and the particle species, and this result is robust against the actual definition of $T_{\text{g}}$. This generic relation between the activation energy and the glass transition temperature indicates that high-temperature dynamics and the glassy slowdown are related phenomena, and the knowledge of $E_{\infty}$ may allow to approximately predict $T_{\text{g}}$.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2021

An Introduction to Modeling Approaches of Active Matter

This article is based on lecture notes for the Marie Curie Training school "Initial Training on Numerical Methods for Active Matter". It provides an introductory overview of modeling approaches for active matter and is primarily targeted at PhD students (or other readers) who encounter some of these approaches for the first time. The aim of the article is to help put the described modeling approaches into perspective.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2019

Competing Time Scales Lead to Oscillations in Shear-Thickening Suspensions

Competing time scales generate novelty. Here, we show that a coupling between the time scales imposed by instrument inertia and the formation of inter-particle frictional contacts in shear-thickening suspensions leads to highly asymmetric shear-rate oscillations. Experiments tuning the presence of oscillations by varying the two time-scales validate our model. The observed oscillations give access to a shear-jamming portion of the flow curve that is forbidden in conventional rheometry. Moreover, the oscillation frequency allows us to quantify an intrinsic relaxation time for particle contacts. The coupling of fast contact network dynamics to a slower system variable should be generic to many other areas of dense suspension flow, with instrument inertia providing a paradigmatic example.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2018

Which Interactions Dominate in Active Colloids?

Despite a mounting evidence that the same gradients which active colloids use for swimming, induce important cross-interactions (phoretic interaction), they are still ignored in most many-body descriptions, perhaps to avoid complexity and a zoo of unknown parameters. Here we derive a simple model, which reduces phoretic far-field interactions to a pair-interaction whose strength is mainly controlled by one genuine parameter (swimming speed). The model suggests that phoretic interactions are generically important for autophoretic colloids (unless effective screening of the phoretic fields is strong) and should dominate over hydrodynamic interactions for the typical case of half-coating and moderately nonuniform surface mobilities. Unlike standard minimal models, but in accordance with canonical experiments, our model generically predicts dynamic clustering in active colloids at low density. This suggests that dynamic clustering can emerge from the interplay of screened phoretic attractions and active diffusion.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2018

Modelling chemotaxis of microswimmers: from individual to collective behavior

We discuss recent progress in the theoretical description of chemotaxis by coupling the diffusion equation of a chemical species to equations describing the motion of sensing microorganisms. In particular, we discuss models for autochemotaxis of a single microorganism which senses its own secretion leading to phenomena such as self-localization and self-avoidance. For two heterogeneous particles, chemotactic coupling can lead to predator-prey behavior including chase and escape phenomena, and to the formation of active molecules, where motility spontaneously emerges when the particles approach each other. We close this review with some remarks on the collective behavior of many particles where chemotactic coupling induces patterns involving clusters, spirals or traveling waves.

cond-mat.soft↗

arXiv2016

Ephemeral protein binding to DNA shapes stable nuclear bodies and chromatin domains

Fluorescence microscopy reveals that the contents of many (membrane-free) nuclear "bodies" exchange rapidly with the soluble pool whilst the underlying structure persists; such observations await a satisfactory biophysical explanation. To shed light on this, we perform large-scale Brownian dynamics simulations of a chromatin fiber interacting with an ensemble of (multivalent) DNA-binding proteins; these proteins switch between two states -- active (binding) and inactive (non-binding). This system provides a model for any DNA-binding protein that can be modified post-translationally to change its affinity for DNA (e.g., like the phosphorylation of a transcription factor). Due to this out-of-equilibrium process, proteins spontaneously assemble into clusters of self-limiting size, as individual proteins in a cluster exchange with the soluble pool with kinetics like those seen in photo-bleaching experiments. This behavior contrasts sharply with that exhibited by "equilibrium", or non-switching, proteins that exist only in the binding state; when these bind to DNA non-specifically, they form clusters that grow indefinitely in size. Our results point to post-translational modification of chromatin-bridging proteins as a generic mechanism driving the self-assembly of highly dynamic, non-equilibrium, protein clusters with the properties of nuclear bodies. Such active modification also reshapes intra-chromatin contacts to give networks resembling those seen in topologically-associating domains, as switching markedly favors local (short-range) contacts over distant ones.

physics.bio-ph↗

arXiv2011

Resonant Population Transfer in the Time-Dependent Quantum Elliptical Billiard

We analyze the quantum dynamics of the time-dependent elliptical billiard using the example of a certain breathing mode. A numerical method for the time-propagation of an arbitrary initial state is developed, based on a series of transformations thereby removing the time-dependence of the boundary conditions. The time-evolution of the energies of different initial states is studied. The maximal and minimal energy that is reached during the time-evolution shows a series of resonances as a function of the applied driving frequency. At these resonances, higher (or lower) lying states are periodically populated, leading to the observed change in energy. The resonances occur when the driving frequency or a multiple of it matches exactly the mean energetic difference between the two involved states. This picture is confirmed by a few-level Rabi-like model with periodic couplings, reproducing the key results of our numerical study.

quant-ph↗