arXiv subjects

B. T. Foust

Publications and source records attributed to B. T. Foust.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2020

Note on arXiv:2005.05301, 'Preparation of the Neutrino-4 experiment on search for sterile neutrino and the obtained results of measurements'

We comment on the claimed observation [arXiv:arXiv:2005.05301] of sterile neutrino oscillations by the Neutrino-4 collaboration. Such a claim, which requires the existence of a new fundamental particle, demands a level of rigor commensurate with its impact. The burden lies with the Neutrino-4 collaboration to provide the information necessary to prove the validity of their claim to the community. In this note, we describe aspects of both the data and analysis method that might lead to an oscillation signature arising from a null experiment and describe additional information needed from the Neutrino-4 collaboration to support the oscillation claim. Additionally, as opposed to the assertion made by the Neutrino-4 collaboration, we also show that the method of 'coherent summation' using the $L/E$ parameter produces similar results to the methods used by the PROSPECT and the STEREO collaborations.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2020

Nonfuel Antineutrino Contributions in the High Flux Isotope Reactor

Reactor neutrino experiments have seen major improvements in precision in recent years. With the experimental uncertainties becoming lower than those from theory, carefully considering all sources of $\overlineν_{e}$ is important when making theoretical predictions. One source of $\overlineν_{e}$ that is often neglected arises from the irradiation of the nonfuel materials in reactors. The $\overlineν_{e}$ rates and energies from these sources vary widely based on the reactor type, configuration, and sampling stage during the reactor cycle and have to be carefully considered for each experiment independently. In this article, we present a formalism for selecting the possible $\overlineν_{e}$ sources arising from the neutron captures on reactor and target materials. We apply this formalism to the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the $\overlineν_{e}$ source for the the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Measurement (PROSPECT) experiment. Overall, we observe that the nonfuel $\overlineν_{e}$ contributions from HFIR to PROSPECT amount to 1\% above the inverse beta decay threshold with a maximum contribution of 9\% in the 1.8--2.0~MeV range. Nonfuel contributions can be particularly high for research reactors like HFIR because of the choice of structural and reflector material in addition to the intentional irradiation of target material for isotope production. We show that typical commercial pressurized water reactors fueled with low-enriched uranium will have significantly smaller nonfuel $\overlineν_{e}$ contribution.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2019

The PROSPECT Reactor Antineutrino Experiment

The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment, PROSPECT, is designed to make both a precise measurement of the antineutrino spectrum from a highly-enriched uranium reactor and to probe eV-scale sterile neutrinos by searching for neutrino oscillations over meter-long baselines. PROSPECT utilizes a segmented $^6$Li-doped liquid scintillator detector for both efficient detection of reactor antineutrinos through the inverse beta decay reaction and excellent background discrimination. PROSPECT is a movable 4-ton antineutrino detector covering distances of 7m to 13m from the High Flux Isotope Reactor core. It will probe the best-fit point of the $\barν_e$ disappearance experiments at 4$σ$ in 1 year and the favored regions of the sterile neutrino parameter space at more than 3$σ$ in 3 years. PROSPECT will test the origin of spectral deviations observed in recent $θ_{13}$ experiments, search for sterile neutrinos, and address the hypothesis of sterile neutrinos as an explanation of the reactor anomaly. This paper describes the design, construction, and commissioning of PROSPECT and reports first data characterizing the performance of the PROSPECT antineutrino detector.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2019

The Radioactive Source Calibration System of the PROSPECT Reactor Antineutrino Detector

The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum (PROSPECT) Experiment is a reactor neutrino experiment designed to search for sterile neutrinos with a mass on the order of 1 eV/c$^2$ and to measure the spectrum of electron antineutrinos from a highly-enriched $^{235}$U nuclear reactor. The PROSPECT detector consists of an 11 by 14 array of optical segments in $^{6}$Li-loaded liquid scintillator at the High Flux Isotope Reactor in Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Antineutrino events are identified via inverse beta decay and read out by photomultiplier tubes located at the ends of each segment. The detector response is characterized using a radioactive source calibration system. This paper describes the design, operation, and performance of the PROSPECT source calibration system.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2019

Measurement of the Antineutrino Spectrum from $^{235}$U Fission at HFIR with PROSPECT

This Letter reports the first measurement of the $^{235}$U $\overline{ν_{e}}$ energy spectrum by PROSPECT, the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum experiment, operating 7.9m from the 85MW$_{\mathrm{th}}$ highly-enriched uranium (HEU) High Flux Isotope Reactor. With a surface-based, segmented detector, PROSPECT has observed 31678$\pm$304 (stat.) $\overline{ν_{e}}$-induced inverse beta decays (IBD), the largest sample from HEU fission to date, 99% of which are attributed to $^{235}$U. Despite broad agreement, comparison of the Huber $^{235}$U model to the measured spectrum produces a $χ^2/ndf = 51.4/31$, driven primarily by deviations in two localized energy regions. The measured $^{235}$U spectrum shape is consistent with a deviation relative to prediction equal in size to that observed at low-enriched uranium power reactors in the $\overline{ν_{e}}$ energy region of 5-7MeV.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2019

A Low Mass Optical Grid for the PROSPECT Reactor Antineutrino Detector

PROSPECT, the Precision Reactor Oscillation and SPECTrum experiment, is a short-baseline reactor antineutrino experiment designed to provide precision measurements of the $^{235}$U product $\overlineν_e$ spectrum of utilizing an optically segmented 4-ton liquid scintillator detector. PROSPECT's segmentation system, the optical grid, plays a central role in reconstructing the position and energy of $\overlineν_e$ interactions in the detector. This paper is the technical reference for this PROSPECT subsystem, describing its design, fabrication, quality assurance, transportation and assembly in detail. In addition, the dimensional, optical and mechanical characterizations of optical grid components and the assembled PROSPECT target are also presented. The technical information and characterizations detailed here will inform geometry-related inputs for PROSPECT physics analysis, and can guide a variety of future particle detection development efforts, such as those using optically reflecting materials or filament-based 3D printing.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2019

Lithium-loaded Liquid Scintillator Production for the PROSPECT experiment

This work reports the production and characterization of lithium-loaded liquid scintillator (LiLS) for the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT). Fifty-nine 90 liter batches of LiLS (${}^6{\rm Li}$ mass fraction 0.082%$\pm$0.001%) were produced and samples from all batches were characterized by measuring their optical absorbance relative to air, light yield relative to a pure liquid scintillator reference, and pulse shape discrimination capability. Fifty-seven batches passed the quality assurance criteria and were used for the PROSPECT experiment.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2018

First search for short-baseline neutrino oscillations at HFIR with PROSPECT

This Letter reports the first scientific results from the observation of antineutrinos emitted by fission products of $^{235}$U at the High Flux Isotope Reactor. PROSPECT, the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment, consists of a segmented 4 ton $^6$Li-doped liquid scintillator detector covering a baseline range of 7-9 m from the reactor and operating under less than 1 meter water equivalent overburden. Data collected during 33 live-days of reactor operation at a nominal power of 85 MW yields a detection of 25461 $\pm$ 283 (stat.) inverse beta decays. Observation of reactor antineutrinos can be achieved in PROSPECT at 5$σ$ statistical significance within two hours of on-surface reactor-on data-taking. A reactor-model independent analysis of the inverse beta decay prompt energy spectrum as a function of baseline constrains significant portions of the previously allowed sterile neutrino oscillation parameter space at 95% confidence level and disfavors the best fit of the Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly at 2.2$σ$ confidence level.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2018

Performance of a segmented $^{6}$Li-loaded liquid scintillator detector for the PROSPECT experiment

This paper describes the design and performance of a 50 liter, two-segment $^{6}$Li-loaded liquid scintillator detector that was designed and operated as prototype for the PROSPECT (Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum) Experiment. The two-segment detector was constructed according to the design specifications of the experiment. It features low-mass optical separators, an integrated source and optical calibration system, and materials that are compatible with the $^{6}$Li-doped scintillator developed by PROSPECT. We demonstrate a high light collection of 850$\pm$20 PE/MeV, an energy resolution of $σ$ = 4.0$\pm$0.2% at 1 MeV, and efficient pulse-shape discrimination of low $dE/dx$ (electronic recoil) and high $dE/dx$ (nuclear recoil) energy depositions. An effective scintillation attenuation length of 85$\pm$3 cm is measured in each segment. The 0.1% by mass concentration of $^{6}$Li in the scintillator results in a measured neutron capture time of $τ$ = 42.8$\pm$0.2 $μs$. The long-term stability of the scintillator is also discussed. The detector response meets the criteria necessary for achieving the PROSPECT physics goals and demonstrates features that may find application in fast neutron detection.

physics.ins-det↗