arXiv subjects

Bao-Zhu Guo

Publications and source records attributed to Bao-Zhu Guo.

18 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Shape Design for Degenerate Parabolic Equations with Degenerate Boundaries and Its Application to Boundary Observability

In this study, we firstly establish the well-posedness of a degenerate parabolic equation under Dirichlet boundary conditions. Following this, we introduce a shape design problem, which acts as a framework for approximating the degenerate parabolic equation through a series of uniformly parabolic equations. Finally, as a tangible application of this shape design approach, we deduce a boundary observability inequality associated with the degenerate parabolic equation.

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arXiv2026

Some Key Properties of Eigenfunctions Linked to Degenerate Elliptic Differential Operators

In this study, we address the eigenvalue problem given by: \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} -\Div (w\nabla u_i)=\la_iu_i &\text{in } \Om\subset \mathbb{R}^n,\\ u_i=0 &\text{on } \pt \Om, \end{cases} \end{equation*} where $w > 0$ within $\Om$ and $w = 0$ on part of $\partial Ω$. We establish Courant's nodal domain theorem for the corresponding degenerate elliptic differential operator $\mathcal{A}$. Unlike uniformly elliptic operators, degenerate cases often result in the loss of many advantageous properties. Despite this, we show that the essential property that the set $\{ρ\in L^\infty(Ω) \colon \mathcal{A} + ρ\text{ has simple eigenvalues}\}$ forms a residual subset within $(L^\infty(Ω), |\cdot|_\infty)$ still holds for the degenerate elliptic differential operator $\mathcal{A}$.

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arXiv2026

Approximation of Degenerate Hyperbolic Equations with Interior Degeneracy and Applications to Controllability

In this paper, we establish the existence of solutions for a particular class of degenerate hyperbolic equations. Following this, we approximate these degenerate equations by employing a sequence of uniformly hyperbolic equations. Notably, this specific approximation result has remained unexplored in the existing body of literature. Ultimately, we utilize this approximation framework to derive controllability results for the original degenerate hyperbolic equations, marking what could potentially be the inaugural investigation into higher-dimensional degenerate hyperbolic equations.

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arXiv2026

A Shape Design Approximation for Degenerate Partial Differential Equations and Its Application

In this paper, we focus on two types of degenerate partial differential equations: a degenerate elliptic equation and a degenerate parabolic equation. Significantly, both categories are characterized by the same principal operator. To obtain solutions for these equations, we introduce a novel approximation approach, termed the shape design approximation. As a practical application of this method, we derive a Carleman estimate for the backward degenerate parabolic equation. This estimate plays a pivotal role in establishing the null controllability of the degenerate parabolic equation. A notable advantage of employing the shape design approximation in deriving the Carleman estimate is that it enables us to bypass the requirement for second order derivatives in the degenerate equation. Usually, this has been a significant obstacle in the derivation of Carleman estimates for degenerate parabolic equations.

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arXiv2026

Quantitative Weak Unique Continuation on Annular Domains for Backward Degenerate Parabolic Equations with Degenerate Interior Points

In this paper, we establish a quantitative weak unique continuation theorem on an annular domain for a backward degenerate parabolic equation with a degenerate interior point. Our methodology hinges on approximating the solution of the degenerate parabolic equation through solutions of non-degenerate parabolic counterparts. Subsequently, we establish Carleman estimates for the non-degenerate parabolic equation across two separate domains. By virtue of these estimates, we deduce a quantitative weak unique continuation property for the degenerate parabolic equation, thereby substantiating the weak unique continuation result for the original degenerate parabolic equation.

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arXiv2026

Null Controllability for a Multi-Dimensional Degenerate Parabolic Equation with Degenerated Interior Point

In this study, we study the null controllability of a multi-dimensional degenerate parabolic equation characterized by a degenerate interior point. The control domain, which is an arbitrary inner region, does not encompass the degenerate point. To tackle this problem, we adopt a new approximation methodology. Specifically, we approximate the degenerate partial differential equations (PDEs) with a series of uniformly elliptic PDEs, notwithstanding their limited regularity. We then derive the Carleman estimate for these approximate uniformly parabolic equations and establish the observability inequality, which ultimately paves the way for demonstrating the null controllability of the system.

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arXiv2025

On invariance of observability for BSDEs and its applications to stochastic control systems

In this paper, we establish the invariance of observability for the observed backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) with constant coefficients, relative to the filtered probability space. This signifies that the observability of these observed BSDEs with constant coefficients remains unaffected by the selection of the filtered probability space. As an illustrative application, we demonstrate that for stochastic control systems with constant coefficients, weak observability, approximate null controllability with cost, and stabilizability are equivalent across some or any filtered probability spaces.

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arXiv2022

On Convergence of Tracking Differentiator with Multiple Stochastic Disturbances

In this paper, the convergence and noise-tolerant performance of a tracking differentiator in the presence of multiple stochastic disturbances are investigated for the first time. We consider a quite general case where the input signal is corrupted by additive colored noise, and the tracking differentiator itself is disturbed by additive colored noise and white noise. It is shown that the tracking differentiator tracks the input signal and its generalized derivatives in mean square and even in almost sure sense when the stochastic noise affecting the input signal is vanishing. Some numerical simulations are performed to validate the theoretical results.

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arXiv2022

Disturbance Observer-Based Boundary Control for an Anti-Stable Stochastic Heat Equation with Unknown Disturbance

In this paper, a novel control strategy namely disturbance observer-based control is first applied to stabilization and disturbance rejection for an anti-stable stochastic heat equation with Neumann boundary actuation and unknown boundary external disturbance generated by an exogenous system. A disturbance observer-based boundary control is designed based on the backstepping approach and estimation/cancellation strategy, where the unknown disturbance is estimated in real time by a disturbance observer and rejected in the closed-loop, while the in-domain multiplicative noise whose intensity is within a known finite interval is attenuated. It is shown that the resulting closed-loop system is exponentially stable in the sense of both mean square and almost surely. A numerical example is demonstrated to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.

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arXiv2020

Extended Dynamics Observer for Linear Systems with Disturbance

This is the last part of four series papers, aiming at stabilization for signal-input-signaloutput (SISO) linear finite-dimensional systems corrupted by general input disturbances. A new observer, referred to as Extended Dynamics Observer (EDO), is proposed to estimate both the state and disturbance simultaneously. The working mechanism of EDO consists of two parts: The disturbance with known dynamics is canceled completely by its dynamics and the disturbance with unknown dynamics is absorbed by high-gain. It is found that the high-gain is always working as long as the control plant with unknown input disturbance is observable which is the only assumption for the observer design. When the disturbance dynamics are completely unknown except some boundedness, the EDO is reduced to an extension of the well-known extended state observer or high-gain observer. The main advantage of the developed method is that the prior information about both the control plant and the disturbance can be utilized as much as possible. The more the prior information we have, the better performance the observer would be. An EDO based stabilizing output feedback is also developed in the spirit of estimation/cancellation strategy. The stability of the resulting closed-loop system is established and some of the theoretical results are validated by numerical simulations.

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arXiv2020

Optimal Actuator Location of the Minimum Norm Controls for Heat Equation with General Controlled Domain

In this paper, we study optimal actuator location of the minimum norm controls for a multi-dimensional heat equation with control defined in the space $L^p(0,T;L^2(Ω))$. The actuator domain $ω$ is quite general in the sense that it is required only to have a prescribed Lebesgue measure. A relaxation problem is formulated and is transformed into a two-person zero-sum game problem. By the game theory, we develop a necessary and sufficient condition and the existence of relaxed optimal actuator location for $p\in[2,+\infty]$, which is characterized by the Nash equilibrium of the associated game problem. An interesting case is for the case of $p=2$, for which it is shown that the classical optimal actuator location can be obtained from the relaxed optimal actuator location without additional condition. Finally for $p=2$, a sufficient and necessary condition for classical optimal actuator location is presented.

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arXiv2020

Dynamics Compensation in Observation of Abstract Linear Systems

This is the second part of four series papers, aiming at the problem of sensor dynamics compensation for abstract linear systems. Two major issues are addressed. The first one is about the sensor dynamics compensation in system observation and the second one is on the disturbance dynamics compensation in output regulation for linear system. Both of them can be described by the problem of state observation for an abstract cascade system. We consider these two apparently different problems from the same abstract linear system point of view. A new scheme of the observer design for the abstract cascade system is developed and the exponential convergence of the observation error is established. It is shown that the error based observer design in the problem of output regulation can be converted into a sensor dynamics compensation problem by the well known regulator equations. As a result, a tracking error based observer for output regulation problem is designed by exploiting the developed method. As applications, the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with output time-delay and an unstable heat equation with ODE sensor dynamics are fully investigated to validate the theoretical results. The numerical simulations for the unstable heat system are carried out to validate the proposed method visually.

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arXiv2020

Actuator Dynamics Compensation in Stabilization of Abstract Linear Systems

This is the first part of four series papers, aiming at the problem of actuator dynamics compensation for linear systems. We consider the stabilization of a type of cascade abstract linear systems which model the actuator dynamics compensation for linear systems where both the control plant and its actuator dynamics can be infinite-dimensional. We develop a systematic way to stabilize the cascade systems by a full state feedback. Both the well-posedness and the exponential stability of the resulting closed-loop system are established in the abstract framework. A sufficient condition of the existence of compensator for ordinary differential equation (ODE) with partial differential equation (PDE) actuator dynamics is obtained. The feedback design is based on a novelly constructed upper-block-triangle transform and the Lyapunov function design is not needed in the stability analysis. As applications, an ODE with input delay and an unstable heat equation with ODE actuator dynamics are investigated to validate the theoretical results. The numerical simulations for the unstable heat system are carried out to validate the proposed approach visually.

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arXiv2016

Simultaneous Identification of Coefficient and Initial State for One-Dimensional Heat Equation from Boundary Control and Measurement

In this paper, we consider simultaneous reconstruction of the diffusion coefficient and initial state for a one-dimensional heat equation through boundary control and measurement. The boundary measurement is known to make the system exactly observable, and both coefficient and initial state are shown to be identifiable by this measurement. By a Dirichlet series representation for observation, we can transform the problem into an inverse process of reconstruction of the spectrum and coefficients for Dirichlet series in terms of observation. This happens to be the reconstruction of spectral data for an exponential sequence with measurement error. This enables us to develop an algorithm based on the matrix pencil method in signal analysis. An error analysis is made for the proposed method. The numerical simulations are presented to verify the proposed algorithm.

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arXiv2016

Simultaneous Identification of Damping Coefficient and Initial Value in PDEs from boundary measurement

In this paper, the simultaneous identification of damping or anti-damping coefficient and initial value for some PDEs is considered. An identification algorithm is proposed based on the fact that the output of system happens to be decomposed into a product of an exponential function and a periodic function. The former contains information of the damping coefficient, while the latter does not. The convergence and error analysis are also developed. Three examples, namely an anti-stable wave equation with boundary anti-damping, the Schrödinger equation with internal anti-damping, and two connected strings with middle joint anti-damping, are investigated and demonstrated by numerical simulations to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

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arXiv2013

Local Null Controllability of a Chemotaxis System of Parabolic-Elliptic Type

In this paper, we are concerned with the controllability of a chemotaxis system of parabolic-elliptic type. By linearizing the nonlinear system into two separated linear equations to bypass the obstacle caused by the nonlinear drift term, we establish the local null controllability of the original nonlinear system. The approach is different from the usual way of treating the coupled parabolic systems.

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arXiv2013

Local Exact Controllability of a Parabolic System of Chemotaxis

This paper studies the controllability problem of a parabolic system of chemotaxis. The local exact controllability to trajectories of the system imposed one control force only is obtained by applying Kakutani's fixed point theorem combined with the null controllability of the associated linearized parabolic system. The control function is shown to be in $L^\infty(Q)$, which is estimated by using the methods of maximal regularity and $L^p$-$L^q$ estimates of parabolic equations.

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arXiv2012

On Existence and Uniqueness of the Weak Solution of a Generalized Boussinesq Equation with Press and

In this paper, a generalized Boussinesq equation that couples the mass and heat flows in a viscous incompressible uid is considered. The kinematic viscosity and the heat conductivity are assumed to be dependent on the temperature. The boundary condition on the velocity of fluid is non-standard where the dynamical pressure is given on some part of the boundary, and the temperature of fluid is represented in a mixed boundary condition. The existence of the weak solution is proved by the Galerkin approximation scheme, and the uniqueness is also obtained under the condition on the weak solution that is somehow like the restriction on the Reynold number and the Raleigh number in hydrodynamics.

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