arXiv subjects

Batuhan E. Kaynak

Publications and source records attributed to Batuhan E. Kaynak.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2024

Ultrafast Reservoir Computing based on Nonlinear Nanomechanical Resonators at Ambient Conditions

Reservoir computing offers an energy-efficient alternative to deep neural networks (DNNs) by replacing complex hidden layers with a fixed nonlinear system and training only the final layer. This work investigates nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) resonators for reservoir computing, utilizing inherent nonlinearities and the fading memory effect from NEMS's transient response. This approach transforms input data into a higher-dimensional space for effective classification. The smaller size and higher operating frequencies of the NEMS resonators enable faster processing rates than recent demonstrations with micromechanical systems, while their compact footprint and ability to operate under ambient conditions simplify integration into practical applications. Through an MNIST handwritten digit recognition test, this system achieved 90% accuracy with a 3.3-microsecond processing time per pixel, highlighting the potential for various applications that require efficient and fast information processing in resource-constrained environments.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2023

Dielectric Detection of Single Nanoparticles Using a Microwave Resonator Integrated with a Nanopore

The characterization of individual nanoparticles in a liquid constitutes a critical challenge for environmental, material, and biological sciences. To detect nanoparticles, electronic approaches are especially desirable owing to their compactness and lower costs. Indeed, for single-molecule and single-nanoparticle detection, resistive pulse sensing has advanced significantly during the last two decades. While resistive pulse sensing was widely used to obtain the geometric size information, impedimetric measurements to obtain dielectric signatures of nanoparticles have scarcely been reported. To explore this orthogonal sensing modality, we developed an impedimetric sensor based on a microwave resonator with a nanoscale sensing gap surrounding a nanopore. The approach of single nanoparticles near the sensing region and their translocation through the nanopore induced sudden changes in the impedance of the structure. The impedance changes in turn were picked up by the phase response of the microwave resonator. We worked with 100 nm and 50 nm polystyrene nanoparticles to observe single-particle events. Our current implementation was limited by the non-uniform electric field at the sensing region. The work provides a complementary sensing modality for nanoparticle characterization where the dielectric response, rather than the ionic current, determines the signal.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2023

Atmospheric Pressure Mass Spectrometry by Single-Mode Nanoelectromechanical Systems

Weighing particles above MegaDalton mass range has been a persistent challenge in commercial mass spectrometry. Recently, nanoelectromechanical systems-based mass spectrometry (NEMS-MS) has shown remarkable performance in this mass range, especially with the advance of performing mass spectrometry under entirely atmospheric conditions. This advance reduces the overall complexity and cost, while improving the limit of detection. However, this technique required the tracking of two mechanical modes, and the accurate knowledge of mode shapes which may deviate from their ideal values especially due to air damping. Here, we used a NEMS architecture with a central platform, which enables the calculation of mass by single mode measurements. Experiments were conducted using polystyrene and gold nanoparticles to demonstrate the successful acquisition of mass spectra using a single mode, with improved areal capture efficiency. This advance represents a step forward in NEMS-MS, bringing it closer to becoming a practical application for mass sensing of nanoparticles.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2021

Atmospheric Pressure Mass Spectrometry of Single Viruses and Nanoparticles by Nanoelectromechanical Systems

Mass spectrometry of intact nanoparticles and viruses can serve as a potent characterization tool for material science and biophysics. Inaccessible by widespread commercial techniques, the mass of single nanoparticles and viruses (>10MDa) can be readily measured by NEMS (Nanoelectromechanical Systems) based Mass Spectrometry, where charged and isolated analyte particles are generated by Electrospray Ionization (ESI) in air and transported onto the NEMS resonator for capture and detection. However, the applicability of NEMS as a practical solution is hindered by their miniscule surface area, which results in poor limit-of-detection and low capture efficiency values. Another hindrance is the necessity to house the NEMS inside complex vacuum systems, which is required in part to focus analytes towards the miniscule detection surface of the NEMS. Here, we overcome both limitations by integrating an ion lens onto the NEMS chip. The ion lens is composed of a polymer layer, which charges up by receiving part of the ions incoming from the ESI tip and consequently starts to focus the analytes towards an open window aligned with the active area of the NEMS electrostatically. With this integrated system, we have detected the mass of gold and polystyrene nanoparticles under ambient conditions and with two orders-of-magnitude improvement in capture efficiency compared to the state-of-the-art. We then applied this technology to obtain the mass spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 and BoHV-1 virions. With the increase in analytical throughput, the simplicity of the overall setup and the operation capability under ambient conditions, the technique demonstrates that NEMS Mass Spectrometry can be deployed for mass detection of engineered nanoparticles and biological samples efficiently.

physics.ins-det↗