arXiv subjects

Benjamin J. S. Pope

Publications and source records attributed to Benjamin J. S. Pope.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Asteroseismology and interferometry of the F7V spectroscopic binary $χ$ Draconis A in the TESS CVZ

We present a detailed analysis of the asteroseismic main-sequence benchmark star $χ$ Dra A in the TESS northern CVZ. We aim to derive stellar mass and radius from asteroseismic modelling of individual mode frequencies and test the asteroseismic mass and radius against an independent dynamical mass and interferometric radius measurement. We determined the dynamical mass of $χ$ Dra using 618 radial velocity measurements obtained with the SONG telescope at Tenerife, and 53 relative astrometric measurements. With the PAVO beam combiner at CHARA, we obtained the interferometric radius of $χ$ Dra A. We determined asteroseismic parameters from 16 sectors of 20-sec cadence TESS photometry. We determined $T_{\rm eff}=6277\pm30$ K, $\rm [Fe/H] =-0.51\pm0.03$ dex, and $[α/\rm Fe]=0.08\pm0.03$ dex from the spectroscopic analysis. For the dynamical fit we obtained a mass of $M_{\rm A}=1.028 \pm 0.004$ $\rm M_{\odot}$ for $χ$ Dra A, and $M_{\rm B}=0.735 \pm 0.003$ $\rm M_{\odot}$ for $χ$ Dra B. Combining the derived interferometric angular diameter with dynamical parallax yields an interferometric radius of $R_{\rm A} = 1.159^{+0.029}_{-0.028}$ $\rm R_{\odot}$. In the TESS power spectrum, we identified 38 individual oscillating modes. Using these modes, we modelled the star with nine independent pipelines to test the resulting model mass and radius against our independently calculated mass and radius. All models yielded masses slightly lower than the dynamical mass. Using asteroseismic scaling relations, we found that scaling masses from corrected scaling relations best reproduce the dynamical mass. The combination of spectroscopy, interferometry, and asteroseismology has yielded precise results for the main component of the $χ$ Dra system, making it one of the best-characterised main-sequence solar-like oscillators.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2026

A Candidate Innermost Fifth Planet In the HR 8799 System Revealed By JWST NIRISS Aperture Masking Interferometry

We detect a candidate fifth planet in the HR 8799 system, directly imaged with the JWST/NIRISS Aperture Masking Interferometer (AMI). The detected source lies just above a $3σ$ contrast curve at a contrast of $\sim2\times10^{-4}$ in the F380M filter at a projected separation of $\sim150$ mas, corresponding to a few-to-several Jupiter mass planet at an orbital radius of $\sim 7$au. The separation of the candidate is compatible with absolute proper-motion constraints from Gaia and Hipparcos assuming it is bound, while its orbital position lies near a stable orbital solution of a fifth planet in a 3:1 mean motion resonance with planet e. This detection was made possible by a new JWST/NIRISS AMI data pipeline that reaches the photon noise limited potential of AMI by accounting for the optical and electronic systematics that limited sensitivity in prior analyses. Confirmation of this candidate would make HR 8799 the first directly imaged five-planet system and provide insight into the orbital dynamics and the dynamical evolution of planetary systems with widely-separated gas giants.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2026

Searching for Habitable Exoplanets with Relative Astrometry (SHERA). I. The Case for Searching for Planets in Binary Star Systems

Discovering Earth-like planets orbiting Sun-like stars was identified as a priority science goal of the Astronomy 2020 Decadal Survey. It is confounded by many factors, one of which is the high multiplicity of Sun-like stars in the local neighborhood - half of nearby Sun-like stars are in binary or higher-order stellar systems, which are less amenable to the detection of small planets with almost all of the currently productive exoplanet detection techniques. Here we describe the SHERA (Searching for Habitable Exoplanets with Relative Astrometry) NASA Small Explorer mission concept. SHERA utilizes diffractive-pupil technology on a small, simple optical space telescope to achieve microarcsecond precision relative astrometry on 14 Sun-like stars in seven nearby multi-star systems, combining the pupil and stellar binarity to provide a precise reference in the image plane. With this precision, SHERA would enable: (i) a search for rocky planets in the habitable zones of the closest Sun-like stars; (ii) an investigation of the impact of binary star formation on small, widely separated planets; and (iii) the performance of crucial precursor observations on a number of high-priority targets of NASA's future missions to characterize Earth-like planets, such as the Habitable Worlds Observatory. When combined with radial velocity measurements, SHERA relative astrometry will also enable exploration of the three-dimensional orbital structure of planets in binary systems.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2026

AGN Reverberation Mapping with LITMUS: Fundamental Limits on lag Recovery Rates

Reverberation mapping of active galactic nuclei provides one of the most direct probes of the geometry and kinematics of the broad-line region by measuring time delays between continuum and line variability. Modern RM surveys frequently suffer difficulties with lag measurements due to poor signal to noise and aliasing, whereby multimodal lag posterior distributions arise due to seasonal gaps in our data. These challenge the reliability of commonly used fitting tools such as JAVELIN, which can return a high rate of false positives. We implement a new lag measurement package, LITMUS, and introduce a new framework that uses Bayesian evidence to identify false positive lag measurements, as well as examine the question of how many AGN present detectable lags in high redshift industrial scale surveys like OzDES and SDSS. Our analysis differs from previous RM studies in six key respects: (i) our inference is robust to the previously under-diagnosed numerical component of aliasing, (ii) we use a consistent methodology for all sources, (iii) uncertainty in the underlying AGN variability is fully marginalised, (iv) lag significance is assessed via Bayesian model comparison rather than heuristic metrics, (v) false-positive rates are quantified by comparison against random-chance recoveries and (vi) we use marginal likelihoods to distinguish between sources where a lag is not detectable in our data and sources that show no evidence of reverberation. Applied to the OzDES sample, we find that previous RM studies are likely to have overestimated the confidence of recovered lags, and we find a stark contrast between a low reverberation percentage for the MgII line (3-28% depending on assumptions) and much higher percentages in the CIV and especially the H$β$ line, which is consistent with 100%. We also present a re-analysed set of lags from the OzDES sample with better quantified reliabilities

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2026

LITMUS: Bayesian Lag Recovery in Reverberation Mapping with Fast Differentiable Models

Reverberation mapping is a technique in which the mass of a Seyfert I galaxy's central supermassive black hole is estimated, along with the system's physical scale, from the timescale at which variations in brightness propagate through the galactic nucleus. This mapping allows for a long baseline of time measurements to extract spatial information beyond the angular resolution of our telescopes, and is the main means of constraining supermassive black hole masses at high redshift. The most recent generation of multi-year reverberation mapping campaigns for large numbers of active galactic nuclei (e.g. OzDES) have had to deal with persistent complications of identifying false positives, such as those arising from aliasing due to seasonal gaps in time-series data. We introduce LITMUS (Lag Inference Through the Mixed Use of Samplers), a modern lag recovery tool built on the "damped random walk" model of quasar variability, built in the autodiff framework JAX. LITMUS is purpose built to handle the multimodal aliasing of seasonal observation windows and provides evidence integrals for model comparison, a more quantified alternative to existing methods of lag validation. LITMUS also offers a flexible modular framework for extending modelling of AGN variability, and includes JAX-enabled implementations of other popular lag recovery methods like nested sampling and the interpolated cross correlation function. We test LITMUS on a number of mock light curves modelled after the OzDES sample and find that it recovers their lags with high precision and a successfully identifies spurious lag recoveries, reducing its false positive rate to drastically outperform the state of the art program JAVELIN. LITMUS's high performance is accomplished by an algorithm for mapping the Bayesian posterior density which both constrains the lag and offers a Bayesian framework for model null hypothesis testing.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2026

Calibration of an Analog-to-Digital Conversion Nonlinearity in JWST/NIRISS

We quantify an unusual flux-dependent systematic which is periodic in raw counts in flight data from the James Webb Space Telescope's Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (JWST/NIRISS), used extensively for exoplanet imaging and spectroscopy. Originally discovered in the aperture masking interferometry (AMI) mode, it also manifests in the Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode with the same dominant period of 1024 in raw analog-to-digital units (ADU). The likely cause of the signal is an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) integral nonlinearity (INL) in which case it will apply to all observations taken with the NIRISS instrument. Fortunately, it is straightforward to correct the data in postprocessing. The periodic INL is shown to be flux-dependent, increasing in amplitude with higher pixel counts on the detector. We derive a model of this periodic INL by fitting a combination of a polynomial and sinusoid multiplied with the residuals of ramp fits to the uncalibrated data and find an amplitude of 125ppm, up to a 2.5-count shift for a pixel with 20,000ADU. We apply this model to correct the well-studied NIRISS SOSS Program ERS1366 dataset of WASP-39b and reduce the data into a transmission spectrum. We find that our corrected transmission spectrum removes the INL systematic from the uncorrected spectrum at the 30ppm level across both orders, and also corrects a 55ppm offset between Order 1 and Order 2. We recommend a larger scale data-driven calibration of the periodic INL and the adoption of the outcome into NIRISS data pipelines.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2026

Halo Photometry and Asteroseismology for 98 of the Brightest Stars Observed by TESS

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission has facilitated studies of asteroseismology, eclipsing binaries, and transits in many stars. However, the brightest stars saturate TESS, yet they are the most amenable to photon-hungry high-resolution studies and have long observational histories. In this work, we adapted the halo photometry used in $K$2 to extract light curves from the unsaturated halo pixels of the star's point spread function. We used this method to extract light curves for 98 of the brightest stars observed by TESS in Sectors 1-93. These bright stars include 15 red giants, five $δ$ Scuti variables, eight stochastic low-frequency variables, eight eclipsing binaries, and 46 other variables. We measured $ν_{\rm max}$ for 13 red giants using pyMON and $Δν$ for one of them, $β$ Gem (Pollux). For five of them, this represents the first time that oscillations were detected. We derived their stellar masses using the measured $ν_{\rm max}$ and previous interferometric and radiometric angular diameters. We also discovered $δ$ Scuti and $γ$ Doradus variability in $α$ Cep, possible asteroseismic binary signatures in $ε$ Car, and a new eclipsing binary, $γ$ And. Furthermore, we identified 18 stars in our sample that will be observed by the future PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) mission, and 69 stars that have Stellar Observations Network Group (SONG) observations, including some simultaneous with TESS. The light curves are publicly available on the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2026

Constraining properties of dust formed in Wolf-Rayet binary WR 112 using mid-infrared and millimeter observations

Binaries that host a carbon-rich Wolf-Rayet (WC) star and an OB-type companion can be copious dust producers. Yet the properties of dust, particularly the grain size distribution, in these systems remain uncertain. We present Band 6 observations of WR 112 by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array telescope (ALMA), which are the first millimeter observations of a WC binary system capable of resolving its dust emission. By combining ALMA observations with James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) images, we were able to analyze the spatially resolved spectral energy distribution (SED) of WR 112. We found that the SEDs are consistent with emissions from hydrogen-poor amorphous carbon grains. Notably, our results also suggest that the majority of grains in the system have radii below one micrometer, and the extended dust structures are dominated by nanometer-sized grains. Among four parameterizations of the grain radius distribution that we tested, a bimodal distribution, with abundant nanometer-sized grains and a secondary population of 0.1-micron grains, best reproduces the observed SED. This bimodal distribution helps to reconcile the previously conflicting grain size estimates reported for WR 112 and for other WC systems. We hypothesize that dust destruction mechanisms such as radiative torque disruption and radiative-driven sublimation are responsible for driving the system to the bimodal grain size distribution.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2025

The formation and evolution of dust in the colliding-wind binary Apep revealed by JWST

Carbon-rich Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars are significant contributors of carbonaceous dust to the galactic environment, however the mechanisms and conditions for formation and subsequent evolution of dust around these stars remain open questions. Here we present JWST observations of the WR+WR colliding-wind binary Apep which reveal an intricate series of nested concentric dust shells that are abundant in detailed substructure. The striking regularity in these substructures between successive shells suggests an exactly repeating formation mechanism combined with a highly stable outflow that maintains a consistent morphology even after reaching 0.6 pc (assuming a distance of 2.4 kpc) into the interstellar medium. The concentric dust shells show subtle deviations from spherical outflow, which could reflect orbital modulation along the eccentric binary orbit or non-sphericity in the stellar wind. Tracking the evolution of dust across the multi-tiered structure, we measure the dust temperature evolution that can broadly be described assuming an amorphous carbon composition in radiative thermal equilibrium with the central stars. The temperature profile and orbital period place new distance constraints that support Apep being at a greater distance than previously estimated, reducing the line-of-sight and sky-plane wind speed discrepancy previously thought to characterise the system.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2025

Analytic Interferometry of Rotating Stellar Surfaces

The surfaces of rotating stars serve as a window into their interiors, magnetic dynamos, and are important in other areas including exoplanet discovery and atmospheric characterization. While indirect techniques such as photometry and Doppler imaging have been studied for their ability to map stellar surfaces, the gold standard remains optical long-baseline interferometry. In this paper, we develop new closed-form solutions for the interferometric visibility of a rotating star with an arbitrary inhomogeneous surface. We introduce the concept of 'stellar rotation synthesis' in interferometry--an analog of Earth rotation synthesis--where stellar rotation adds information to the spherical harmonic modes representing the star's surface intensity. We implement these solutions in the open-source package harmonix, written in JAX with automatic differentiation, providing a rich ecosystem for fitting and inference. Inspired by similar studies for photometry and Doppler imaging, we use simulations of a fiducial star as observed by the CHARA Array and intensity interferometers to perform a comprehensive theoretical study of the information theory of the starspot mapping problem in interferometry. We show that adding simultaneous photometry from a space-based instrument such as TESS adds complementary spatial information to interferometry and can improve the precision on the map coefficients by over an order of magnitude, enabling the detailed mapping of nearby main-sequence stars with current facilities. Finally, we evaluate the performance of existing and proposed intensity interferometers for stellar surface mapping.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2025

The Serpent Eating Its Own Tail: Dust Destruction in the Apep Colliding-Wind Nebula

Much of the carbonaceous dust observed in the early universe may originate from colliding wind binaries (CWBs) hosting hot, luminous Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars. Downstream of the shock between the stellar winds there exists a suitable environment for dust grain formation, and the orbital motion of the stars wraps this dust into richly structured spiral geometries. The Apep system is the most extreme WR-CWB in our Milky Way: two WR stars produce a complex spiral dust nebula, whose slow expansion has been linked to a gamma-ray burst progenitor. It has been unclear whether the O-type supergiant 0.7" distant from the WR+WR binary is physically associated with the system, and whether it affects the dusty nebula. Multi-epoch VLT/VISIR and JWST/MIRI observations show that this northern companion star routinely carves a cavity in the dust nebula - the first time such an effect has been observed in a CWB - which unambiguously associates the O star as a bound component to the Apep system. These observations are used together with a new geometric model to infer the cavity geometry and the orbit of the WR+WR binary, yielding the first strong constraints on wind and orbital parameters. We confirm an orbital period of over 190 years for the inner binary - nearly an order of magnitude longer than the next longest period dust-producing WR-CWB. This, together with the confirmed classification as a hierarchical triple, cements Apep as a singular astrophysical laboratory for studying colliding winds and the terminal life stages of the most massive star systems.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2025

Carbon-rich dust injected into the interstellar medium by Galactic WC binaries survives for hundreds of years

Some carbon-rich Wolf-Rayet stars (WC stars) show an infrared excess from dust emission. Dust forms in the collision of the WC wind with a companion star's wind. As this dust is carried towards the ISM at close to the WCd wind speed and the binary continues through its orbit, a spiral structure forms around the system. The shape depends on the orbital eccentricity and period, as well as stellar parameters like mass-loss rates and terminal wind speeds. Imaging of the WCd binary WR 140 with JWST/MIRI revealed 17 concentric dust shells surrounding the binary. We present new JWST imaging of four additional WCd systems (WR 48a, WR 112, WR 125, and WR 137) that were imaged in 2024. In this analysis, we show that the dust is long-lived, detected with an age of at least 130 years, but more than 300 years in some systems. Longer duration measurements are limited by sensitivity. Regular spacing of dust features confirms the periodic nature of dust formation, consistent with a connection to binary motion. We use these images to estimate the proper motion of the dust, finding the dust to propagate out to the interstellar medium with motion comparable to the wind speed of the WC stars. In addition to these results, we observe unusual structures around WR 48a, which could represent dusty clumps shaped by photoevaporation and wind ablation like young proplyd objects. These results demonstrate that WC dust is indeed long-lived and should be accounted for in galactic dust budgets.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2025

Astrometry and Precise Radial Velocities Yield a Complete Orbital Solution for the Nearby Eccentric Brown Dwarf LHS 1610 b

The LHS 1610 system consists of a nearby ($d=9.7$ pc) M5 dwarf hosting a candidate brown dwarf companion in a $10.6$ day, eccentric ($e \sim 0.37$) orbit. We confirm this brown dwarf designation and estimate its mass ($ 49.5_{-3.5}^{+4.3}$ $M_{\text{Jup}} $) and inclination ($ 114.5^\circ$ $_{-10.0}^{+7.4}$) by combining discovery radial velocities (RVs) from TRES and new RVs from the Habitable-zone Planet Finder with the available Gaia astrometric two-body solution. We highlight a discrepancy between the measurement of the eccentricity from the Gaia two-body solution ($e=0.52 \pm 0.03$) and the RV-only solution ($e=0.3702\pm0.0003$). We discuss possible reasons for this discrepancy, which can be further probed when the Gaia astrometric time series becomes available as part of Gaia DR4. As a nearby mid-M star hosting a massive short-period companion with a well-characterized orbit, LHS 1610 b is a promising target to look for evidence of sub-Alfvénic interactions and/or auroral emission at optical and radio wavelengths. LHS 1610 has a flare rate ($0.28\pm 0.07$ flares/day) on the higher-end for its rotation period ($84 \pm 8$ days), similar to other mid-M dwarf systems such as Proxima Cen and YZ Ceti that have recent radio detections compatible with star-planet interactions. While available TESS photometry is insufficient to determine an orbital phase-dependence of the flares, our complete orbital characterization of this system makes it attractive to probe star-companion interactions with additional photometric and radio observations.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2025

Catching the wisps: Stellar mass-loss limits from low-frequency radio observations

The winds of low-mass stars carry away angular momentum and impact the atmospheres of surrounding planets. Determining the properties of these winds is necessary to understand the mass-loss history of the star and the evolution of exoplanetary atmospheres. Due to their tenuous nature, the winds of low-mass main-sequence stars are difficult to detect. The few existing techniques for measuring these winds are indirect, with the most common inference method for winds of low-mass stars being astrospheric Lyman-$α$ absorption combined with complex hydrodynamical modelling of the interaction between the stellar wind and the interstellar medium. Here, we employ a more direct method to place upper limits on the mass-loss rates of low-mass stars by combining observations of low-frequency coherent radio emission, the lack of free-free absorption, and a simple stellar wind model. We determine upper limits on the mass-loss rate for a sample of 19 M dwarf stars detected with the LOFAR telescope at 120--168 MHz, reaching a sensitivity within an order of magnitude of the solar mass-loss rate for cold stars with a surface magnetic field strength of $\sim$100 G. The sensitivity of our method does not depend on distance or spectral type, allowing us to find mass-loss rate constraints for stars up to spectral type M6 and out to a distance of 50 pc, later and farther than previous measurements. With upcoming low-frequency surveys with both LOFAR and the Square Kilometre Array, the number of stars with mass-loss rate upper limits determined with this method could reach $\sim$1000.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2025

JWST 1.5 μm and 4.8 μm Photometry of Y Dwarfs

Brown dwarfs lack nuclear fusion and cool with time; the coldest known have an effective temperature below 500 K, and are known as Y dwarfs. We present a James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) photometric dataset of Y dwarfs: twenty-three were imaged in wide-field mode, 20 using NIRCam with the F150W and F480M filters, and 3 using NIRISS with the F480M filter. We present an F480M vs. F150W $-$ F480M color-magnitude diagram for our sample, and other brown dwarfs with F150W and F480M colors synthesized from JWST spectra by Beiler et al. (2024). For one target, WISEA J083011.95$+$283716.0, its detection in the near-infrared confirms it as one of the reddest Y dwarfs known, with F150W $-$ F480M $= 9.62$ mag. We provide its updated parallax and proper motion. One of the Beiler et al. Y dwarfs, CWISEP J104756.81+545741.6, is unusually blue, consistent with strong CO absorption seen in its spectrum which the F480M filter is particularly sensitive to. The strong CO and the kinematics of the object suggest it may be very low-mass and young. We update the resolved photometry for the close binary system WISE J033605.05$-$014350.4 AB, and find that the secondary is almost as cold as WISE 085510.83$-$071442.5, with $T_{\rm eff} \lesssim 300$ K, however the F150W $-$ F480M color is significantly bluer, possibly suggesting the presence of water clouds. Astrometry is measured at the JWST epoch for the sample which is consistent with parallax and proper motion values reported by Kirkpatrick et al. (2021) and Marocco et al. (in prep).

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv2024

The James Webb Interferometer: Space-based interferometric detections of PDS 70 b and c at 4.8 $μ$m

We observed the planet-hosting system PDS 70 with the James Webb Interferometer, JWST's Aperture Masking Interferometric (AMI) mode within NIRISS. Observing with the F480M filter centered at 4.8 $μ$m, we simultaneously fit geometrical models to the outer disk and the two known planetary companions. We re-detect the protoplanets PDS 70 b and c at an SNR of 14.7 and 7.0, respectively. Our photometry of both PDS 70 b and c provides tentative evidence of mid-IR circumplanetary disk emission through fitting SED models to these new measurements and those found in the literature. We also newly detect emission within the disk gap at an SNR of $\sim$4, at a position angle of $220^{+10}_{-15}$ degrees, and an unconstrained separation within $\sim$200 mas. Follow-up observations will be needed to determine the nature of this emission. We place a 5$σ$ upper limit of 208 $\pm$ 10 $μ$Jy on the flux of the candidate PDS 70 d at 4.8 $μ$m, which indicates that if the previously observed emission at shorter wavelengths is due to a planet, this putative planet has a different atmospheric composition than PDS 70 b or c. Finally, we place upper limits on emission from any additional planets in the disk gap. We find an azimuthally averaged 5$σ$ contrast upper limit $>$7 magnitudes at separations greater than 110 mas. These are the deepest limits to date within $\sim$250 mas at 4.8 $μ$m and the first space-based interferometric observations of this system.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2024

A General, Differentiable Transit Model for Ellipsoidal Occulters: Derivation, Application, and Forecast of Planetary Oblateness and Obliquity Constraints with JWST

Increasingly precise space-based photometry uncovers higher-order effects in transits, eclipses and phase curves which can be used to characterize exoplanets in novel ways. The subtle signature induced by a rotationally deformed exoplanet is determined by the planet's oblateness and rotational obliquity, which provide a wealth of information about a planet's formation, internal structure, and dynamical history. However, these quantities are often strongly degenerate and require sophisticated methods to convincingly constrain. We develop a new semi-analytic model for an ellipsoidal object occulting a spherical body with arbitrary surface maps expressed in terms of spherical harmonics. We implement this model in an open-source Jax-based Python package eclipsoid, allowing just-in-time compilation and automatic differentiation. We then estimate the precision obtainable with JWST observations of the long period planet population and demonstrate the best current candidates for studies of oblateness and obliquity. We test our method on the JWST NIRSpec transit of the inflated warm Neptune WASP-107 b and place an upper bound on its projected oblateness $f<0.23$, which corresponds to a rotation period of $P_{\mathrm{rot}}>13$h if the planet is not inclined to our line of sight. Further studies of long-period exoplanets will necessitate discarding the assumption of planets as spherical bodies. Eclipsoid provides a general framework allowing rotational deformation to be modelled in transits, occultations, phase curves, transmission spectra and more.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2024

The Sydney Radio Star Catalogue: properties of radio stars at megahertz to gigahertz frequencies

We present the Sydney Radio Star Catalogue, a new catalogue of stars detected at megahertz to gigahertz radio frequencies. It consists of 839 unique stars with 3,405 radio detections, more than doubling the previously known number of radio stars. We have included stars from large area searches for radio stars found using circular polarisation searches, cross-matching, variability searches, and proper motion searches as well as presenting hundreds of newly detected stars from our search of Australian SKA Pathfinder observations. The focus of this first version of the catalogue is on objects detected in surveys using SKA precursor instruments; however we will expand this scope in future versions. The 839 objects in the Sydney Radio Star Catalogue are distributed across the whole sky and range from ultracool dwarfs to Wolf-Rayet stars. We find that the radio luminosities of cool dwarfs are lower than the radio luminosities of more evolved sub-giant and giant stars. We use X-ray detections of 530 radio stars by the eROSITA soft X-ray instrument onboard the SRG spacecraft to show that almost all of the radio stars in the catalogue are over-luminous in the radio, indicating that the majority of stars at these radio frequencies are coherent radio emitters. The Sydney Radio Star Catalogue can be found in Vizier or at https://radiostars.org.

astro-ph.SR↗