Recovery of 21 cm BAO: a configuration-space correlation function analysis
Intensity mapping (IM) represents an innovative and potent probe to cosmology. One of its prime applications is to measure the Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) in the late universe. We study the BAO measurement by IM in configuration space using simulations, focusing on the impact of the telescope beam and foreground removal effects, which are modeled by a Gaussian beam and radial power suppression, respectively. Three types of correlation functions are applied to measure BAO, including the radial correlation function, multipole correlation function, and wedge correlation function. We check our pipeline against a set of IM mock catalogs, finding good agreement with the numerical results. We use the mock catalogs to look for the parameter choices that optimize the BAO constraint for the correlation function estimators. With the optimal settings, our pipeline is utilized to forecast the BAO constraint for the 21 cm IM experiments: BINGO, MeerKAT, and SKA-mid. Despite our simple beam and foreground removal effect treatments, our analyses could offer a useful guide to strengthen the constraining power of these experiments. We find that for the low-redshift experiments BINGO and MeerKAT, the wedge correlation function achieves the tightest constraint for both the transverse and radial BAO. For SKA-mid, the radial correlation function and multipole correlation function deliver the tightest constraint for the radial and transverse BAO, respectively.