arXiv subjects

Binshuai Wang

Publications and source records attributed to Binshuai Wang.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Linear Reusable Neural Bases Architecture for Network Compression

Memory constraints remain a critical bottleneck in the deployment of large-scale AI models. Parameter sharing across network depth reduces model storage, but repeatedly applying an identical transformation limits flexibility across layers. Inspired by time--memory trade-offs in classical algorithms, we introduce the Linear Reusable Neural Bases (LRNB) architecture, an RNN-based framework that improves parameter efficiency through parameter reuse at the \textit{neuron level}. Each feedforward residual module is represented as a linear combination of shared neural bases, with depth-specific learnable coefficients and optional shifts providing flexibility across layers. This formulation reduces parameter redundancy across depth and enables the construction of wider and deeper networks within a fixed parameter budget. We further provide a geometric interpretation of the neural bases from a vector-field perspective and extend the framework to linear projection modules. Experiments demonstrate that the LRNB architecture achieves comparable or lower final training loss than independently parameterized baselines while using fewer parameters and maintaining stable training dynamics. These findings support neuron-level reuse as a practical approach to parameter-efficient network design.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2026

Relative Wasserstein Angle and the Problem of the $W_2$-Nearest Gaussian Distribution

Understanding the distributional structure of high-dimensional datasets has become an important topic, yet direct visual characterization is difficult. In this work, we develop a geometric framework for characterizing the distributional structure of empirical datasets by quantifying their deviation from the Gaussian family under the geometry induced by optimal transport theory. Building on the cone structure of the relative translation invariant quadratic Wasserstein $(RW_2)$ space, we define two geometric quantities---the \emph{relative Wasserstein angle} and the \emph{orthogonal projection distance}---and show that they are well-defined because of the flat geometry of the filling cone between distributional rays. This formulation recasts the problem of measuring deviation from the Gaussian family as an orthogonal projection problem onto the Gaussian cone and reveals that the commonly used moment-matching Gaussian is, in general, not the $W_2$-nearest Gaussian to a non-Gaussian distribution. In one dimension, we derive closed-form expressions for the proposed quantities and extend closed-form expressions to several other location--scale families, including uniform, Laplace, and logistic distributions. In higher dimensions, we develop a numerical approximation method for the proposed quantities based on empirical optimal transport and covariance-shape optimization. Our experimental results show the empirical convergence and stability of the proposed methods and reveal that the $RW_2$ angle provides a robust and consistent measure of distributional non-Gaussianity. Moreover, these results provide empirical support for its potential use as an indicator of distributional heterogeneity.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2026

A Paragraph is Worth a Thousand Captions: Rethinking Text Supervision for Vision-Language Retrieval

Contrastive vision-language models such as CLIP and BLIP are typically trained on short image captions, limiting their ability to retrieve images from detailed textual descriptions. While methods such as Long-CLIP extend the token limit through positional embedding interpolation, we ask a simpler question: does training text granularity alone determine long-text retrieval performance? We present a systematic study of supervision ranging from single captions to multi-sentence paragraphs for contrastive image-text retrieval. Using a synthetic pipeline based on Qwen2-VL and Llama 3.2 Vision, we generate diverse captions, hard negatives, and quality-scored paragraphs for 500K CC3M images. To isolate the effect of text granularity, we fine-tune only the BLIP text encoder while keeping the vision encoder frozen across 10 training configurations. Our paragraph-supervised models match Long-CLIP-L on ShareGPT4V and outperform it by more than 14 points on DOCCI for image-to-text retrieval, without architectural changes. We further show that paragraph supervision enables effective use of long token sequences, whereas caption-only training degrades beyond 60 tokens. Increasing caption diversity improves short-caption retrieval with diminishing returns, while paragraph supervision consistently benefits long-description benchmarks and hard negatives prove detrimental in text-only fine-tuning. Evaluations on Flickr30k, COCO, ShareGPT4V, and DOCCI provide a comprehensive analysis of the trade-offs between text granularity, retrieval direction, and description length.

cs.CV↗

arXiv2026

Relative Translation Invariant Wasserstein Distance

Motivated by the Bures distance, we introduce a new family of distances, \emph{relative translation invariant Wasserstein distances}, denoted by $RW_p$, as an extension of the classical Wasserstein distances $W_p$ for $p \in [1, +\infty)$. We establish that $RW_p$ defines a valid metric and demonstrate that this type of metric is more intrinsic than the classical Wasserstein distance. A bi-level algorithm is designed to compute the general $RW_p$ distance between arbitrary discrete distributions. Moreover, when $p = 2$, we show that the optimal coupling matrix is invariant under distributional translation in the discrete setting, and we further propose two algorithms, the $\mathrm{RW}_2$-LP algorithm and the $\mathrm{RW}_2$-Sinkhorn algorithm, to improve the numerical stability of computing $W_2$ distance and the optimal coupling matrix solutions. Finally, we conduct three experiments to validate our theoretical results and algorithms. The first two experiments report that the $\mathrm{RW}_2$-LP algorithm and the $\mathrm{RW}_2$-Sinkhorn algorithm, both with and without normalization, can significantly reduce the numerical errors compared to standard algorithms. The third experiment shows that $RW_p$ algorithms are computationally scalable and applicable to the retrieval of similar thunderstorm patterns in practical applications.

cs.LG↗