arXiv subjects

Biswarup Mukherjee

Publications and source records attributed to Biswarup Mukherjee.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Robust Joint Planning of EV and eBus Charging Infrastructure with PV Self-Consumption under Demand Uncertainty

This paper presents a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) framework for joint electric vehicle (EV) and electric bus (eBus) charging-infrastructure planning with photovoltaic (PV) self-consumption. The model co-optimizes charger siting, sizing, technology selection, eBus-to-depot assignment, and hourly charging schedules. A deterministic MILP is first formulated as a nominal benchmark and then extended to a scenario-based robust min--max formulation under vehicle energy-demand uncertainty. The robust model uses shared first-stage infrastructure decisions and scenario-specific operating decisions, and minimizes infrastructure cost plus the worst-case scenario operating cost through an epigraph reformulation. Soft-feasibility penalties quantify unmet charging energy, terminal state-of-charge (SOC) shortfall, and capacity violations under stressed scenarios. A 50-node case study shows that route-segment eBus demand and PV weighting alter charger deployment, technology mix, and grid import, while V2G enables hard-feasible robust operation at sufficiently large penalty weights. These results highlight that effective long-term infrastructure planning must simultaneously account for diverse vehicle fleets, operational strategies that adapt to different scenarios, and node-level constraints on charging capacity.

eess.SY↗

arXiv2026

A Two-Stage Optimization Framework for Validating Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure under Grid Constraints

This paper proposes a two-stage optimization framework to evaluate whether cost-optimal electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure translates into effective operation under distribution grid constraints. The proposed approach explicitly links infrastructure planning with grid-constrained charging operation through a consistent optimal power flow (OPF) formulation applied in both stages. The framework is formulated as a mixed-integer program (MIP) and evaluated across different fleet sizes, demonstrating its scalability and applicability to realistic planning scenarios. The model incorporates heterogeneous charging technologies, including fast and slow chargers with both single-port and multi-port configurations. The results show a fundamental trade-off between cost optimality and service performance. Infrastructure configurations that minimize capital investment tend to spatially concentrate charging resources, resulting in lower achieved state-of-charge (SOC) and higher unmet energy demand. In contrast, uniformly distributed deployments of the same infrastructure significantly improve the spatial availability of charging and operational performance, reducing energy shortfall by up to 74%. Our findings reveal that cost-optimal planning alone is insufficient to guarantee satisfactory system performance. Effective EV charging infrastructure design must jointly consider cost optimality, spatial distribution of charging resources, and grid constraints. Sensitivity analysis with respect to battery capacity further highlights the nonlinear scaling of infrastructure requirements.

eess.SY↗

arXiv2025

VAE-GAN Based Price Manipulation in Coordinated Local Energy Markets

This paper introduces a model for coordinating prosumers with heterogeneous distributed energy resources (DERs), participating in the local energy market (LEM) that interacts with the market-clearing entity. The proposed LEM scheme utilizes a data-driven, model-free reinforcement learning approach based on the multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG) framework, enabling prosumers to make real-time decisions on whether to buy, sell, or refrain from any action while facilitating efficient coordination for optimal energy trading in a dynamic market. In addition, we investigate a price manipulation strategy using a variational auto encoder-generative adversarial network (VAE-GAN) model, which allows utilities to adjust price signals in a way that induces financial losses for the prosumers. Our results show that under adversarial pricing, heterogeneous prosumer groups, particularly those lacking generation capabilities, incur financial losses. The same outcome holds across LEMs of different sizes. As the market size increases, trading stabilizes and fairness improves through emergent cooperation among agents.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2025

A Distributed Local Energy Market Clearing Framework Using a Two-Loop ADMM Method

The diversity of prosumers' resources in energy communities can provide significant technical and economic benefits to both prosumers and the distribution system operator (DSO). To maximize these benefits, a coordination framework is required to address all techno-economic constraints as well as the objectives of all agents. This paper presents a fully distributed market-clearing scheme to coordinate the strategies of agents within a local energy community. In the proposed framework, prosumers, the DSO, and the local market operator (LMO) are the participating agents. The framework addresses the preferences and techno-economic constraints of all actors while preserving their privacy. The proposed model is based on a modified alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) method with two outer and inner loops; the outer loop models the interactions between the LMO and prosumers, while the inner loop addresses the interactions between the LMO and the DSO. The model is demonstrated on IEEE-69bus test network, showcasing its effectiveness from various perspectives.

eess.SY↗

arXiv2025

Cybersecurity Issues in Local Energy Markets

Local Energy Markets (LEMs), though pivotal to the energy transition, face growing cybersecurity threats due to their reliance on smart grid communication standards and vulnerable Internet-of-Things (IoT)-enabled devices. This is a critical issue because such vulnerabilities can be exploited to manipulate market operations, compromise participants' privacy, and destabilize power distribution networks. This work maps LEM communication flows to existing standards, highlights potential impacts of key identified vulnerabilities, and simulates cyberattack scenarios on a privacy-preserving LEM model to assess their impacts. Findings reveal how attackers could distort pricing and demand patterns. We finally present recommendations for researchers, industry developers, policymakers, and LEM stakeholders to secure future LEM deployments.

cs.CR↗

arXiv2024

Sparse Wearable Sonomyography Sensor-based Proprioceptive Proportional Control Across Multiple Gestures

Sonomyography (SMG) is a non-invasive technique that uses ultrasound imaging to detect the dynamic activity of muscles. Wearable SMG systems have recently gained popularity due to their potential as human-computer interfaces for their superior performance compared to conventional methods. This paper demonstrates real-time positional proportional control of multiple gestures using a multiplexed 8-channel wearable SMG system. The amplitude-mode ultrasound signals from the SMG system were utilized to detect muscle activity from the forearm of 8 healthy individuals. The derived signals were used to control the on-screen movement of the cursor. A target achievement task was performed to analyze the performance of our SMG-based human-machine interface. Our wearable SMG system provided accurate, stable, and intuitive control in real-time by achieving an average success rate greater than 80% with all gestures. Furthermore, the wearable SMG system's abilities to detect volitional movement and decode movement kinematic information from SMG trajectories using standard performance metrics were evaluated. Our results provide insights to validate SMG as an intuitive human-machine interface.

cs.HC↗

arXiv2024

Direction of slip modulates the perception of slip distance and slip speed

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychophysical understanding of the slip stimulus. We emphasized that the perception of slip and its characteristics, such as slip distance and slip speed depend on the interaction between slip direction, slip distance as well as slip speed. Methods: We developed a novel slip induction device to simulate the artificial sense of slip. We conducted a psychophysical experiment on eight healthy subjects. The experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of slip direction on slip perception as well as on the perception of slip distance and slip speed. A series of psychophysical questions were asked at the end of the slip stimulation to record the subjective responses of the participants. The average success rate (%) was used to quantify the subject responses. Results: We demonstrated that the perception of slip is independent of slip direction however, perception of slip distance and slip speed are significantly modulated by slip direction. We also observed that a significant interaction exists between slip distance and slip speed in the upward slip direction. It was also observed that the average success rate was significantly different for various combinations of slip distance and slip speed in the upward slip direction. Conclusions: Our study clearly establishes a significant interaction between the slip direction, slip distance, and slip speed for psychophysical understanding of the perception of slip distance and slip speed.

cs.HC↗

arXiv2023

A Sonomyography-based Muscle Computer Interface for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

Impairment of hand functions in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) severely disrupts activities of daily living. Recent advances have enabled rehabilitation assisted by robotic devices to augment the residual function of the muscles. Traditionally, non-invasive electromyography-based peripheral neural interfaces have been utilized to sense volitional motor intent to drive robotic assistive devices. However, the dexterity and fidelity of control that can be achieved with electromyography-based control have been limited due to inherent limitations in signal quality. We have developed and tested a muscle-computer interface (MCI) utilizing sonomyography to provide control of a virtual cursor for individuals with motor-incomplete spinal cord injury. We demonstrate that individuals with SCI successfully gained control of a virtual cursor by utilizing contractions of muscles of the wrist joint. The sonomyography-based interface enabled control of the cursor at multiple graded levels demonstrating the ability to achieve accurate and stable endpoint control. Our sonomyography-based muscle-computer interface can enable dexterous control of upper-extremity assistive devices for individuals with motor-incomplete SCI.

cs.HC↗

arXiv2021

Optimal Planning of Single-Port and Multi-Port Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles in Medium Voltage Distribution Networks

This paper describes a method based on mixed-integer linear programming to cost-optimally locate and size chargers for electric vehicles (EVs) in distribution grids as a function of the driving demand. The problem accounts for the notion of single-port chargers (SPCs), where a charger can interface one EV maximum, and multi-port chargers (MPCs), where the same charger can interface multiple EVs. The advantage of MPCs is twofold. First, multiple ports allow arbitraging the charging among multiple vehicles without requiring the drivers to plug and unplug EVs. Second, the charger's power electronics is not sized for the total number of charging ports, enabling cost savings when the grid constraints are bottleneck of the problem. The proposed method can account for different charger typologies, such as slow and fast chargers, and model the drivers' flexibility of plugging and unplugging their EVs. Simulation results from a synthetic case study show that implementing MPCs is beneficial over both SPCs and drivers' flexibility in terms of total investments required for the charging infrastructure.

eess.SY↗

arXiv2018

Sparsity Analysis of a Sonomyographic Muscle-Computer Interface

Objective: The objectives of this paper are to determine the optimal location for ultrasound transducer placement on the anterior forearm for imaging maximum muscle deformations during different hand motions and to investigate the effect of using a sparse set of ultrasound scanlines for motion classification for ultrasound-based muscle computer interfaces (MCIs). Methods: The optimal placement of the ultrasound transducer along the forearm is identified using freehand 3D reconstructions of the muscle thickness during rest and motion completion. From the ultrasound images acquired from the optimally placed transducer, we determine classification accuracy with equally spaced scanlines across the cross-sectional field-of-view (FOV). Furthermore, we investigated the unique contribution of each scanline to class discrimination using Fisher criteria (FC) and mutual information (MI) with respect to motion discriminability. Results: Experiments with 5 able-bodied subjects show that the maximum muscle deformation occurred between 30-50% of the forearm length for multiple degrees-of-freedom. The average classification accuracy was 94.6% with the entire 128 scanline image and 94.5% with 4 equally-spaced scanlines. However, no significant improvement in classification accuracy was observed with optimal scanline selection using FC and MI. Conclusion: For an optimally placed transducer, a small subset of ultrasound scanlines can be used instead of a full imaging array without sacrificing performance in terms of classification accuracy for multiple degrees-of-freedom. Significance: The selection of a small subset of transducer elements can enable the reduction of computation, and simplification of the instrumentation and power consumption of wearable sonomyographic MCIs particularly for rehabilitation and gesture recognition applications.

cs.HC↗

arXiv2018

Proprioceptive Sonomyographic Control: A novel method of intuitive proportional control of multiple degrees of freedom for upper-extremity amputees

Technological advances in multi-articulated prosthetic hands have outpaced the methods available to amputees to intuitively control these devices. Amputees often cite difficulty of use as a key contributing factor for abandoning their prosthesis, creating a pressing need for improved control technology. A major challenge of traditional myoelectric control strategies using surface electromyography electrodes has been the difficulty in achieving intuitive and robust proportional control of multiple degrees of freedom. In this paper, we describe a new control method, proprioceptive sonomyographic control that overcomes several limitations of myoelectric control. In sonomyography, muscle mechanical deformation is sensed using ultrasound, as compared to electrical activation, and therefore the resulting control signals can directly control the position of the end effector. Compared to myoelectric control which controls the velocity of the end-effector device, sonomyographic control is more congruent with residual proprioception in the residual limb. We tested our approach with 5 upper-extremity amputees and able-bodied subjects using a virtual target achievement and holding task. Amputees and able-bodied participants demonstrated the ability to achieve positional control for 5 degrees of freedom with an hour of training. Our results demonstrate the potential of proprioceptive sonomyographic control for intuitive dexterous control of multiarticulated prostheses.

cs.RO↗