Detecting clear-air turbulence via beam broadening in a Rayleigh-scattering lidar system
The volume of clear-air turbulence (CAT) in the atmosphere at flight cruising altitudes is increasing rapidly, posing a growing problem for civil aviation and resulting in reduced confidence in aviation safety. There are limited remote detection capabilities for CAT, since clear air produces no measurable radar return. Lidar has been proposed as a viable detection methodology, and several systems have been demonstrated. However, these systems have to date demonstrated limited detection ranges of less than 15 km. In this work, we propose a novel lidar-based CAT detection methodology that uses Rayleigh scattering and relies on a differential detector measurement to quantify beam spread and thereby estimate the eddy dissipation rate (EDR), which is the international aircraft-independent metric for quantifying aviation turbulence strength. Additionally, we present experimental results demonstrating the validity of the optical efficiency model used in the detection simulations. We show that, under modest assumptions, a size, weight, and power (SWAP) constrained system that implements this method can detect moderate CAT at ranges in excess of 30 km, equating to two minutes of flight time for typical commercial aviation cruising speeds, which represents a substantial range improvement over prior approaches. This is an important advance because-for the first time-it potentially allows the cabin to be secured before the turbulence is encountered, reducing the injury risk to passengers and flight attendants.