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Bruno Klajn

Publications and source records attributed to Bruno Klajn.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

Finite path integrals on stochastic branched structures

In this paper, we present a statistical model of spacetime trajectories based on a finite collection of paths organized into a branched manifold. For each configuration of the branched manifold, we define a Shannon entropy. Given the variational nature of both the action in physics and the entropy in statistical mechanics, we explore the hypothesis that the classical action is proportional to this entropy. Under this assumption, we derive a Wick-rotated version of the path integral that remains finite and exhibits both quantum interference at the microscopic level and classical determinism at the macroscopic scale. In effect, this version of the path integral differs from the standard one because it assigns weights of non-uniform magnitude to different paths. The model suggests that wave function collapse can be interpreted as a consequence of entropy maximization. Although still idealized, this framework provides a possible route toward unifying quantum and classical descriptions within a common finite-entropy structure.

quant-ph

Hidden momentum of composite bodies and magnetic dipoles

Hidden momentum is a puzzling phenomenon associated with magnetic dipoles and other extended relativistic systems. We point out that the origin of hidden momentum lies in the effective change of individual particle masses of a composite body, during which the total momentum of the system is not equal to the momentum of the center of mass. Defining the hidden momentum as the difference between the total momentum and the center-of-mass momentum, we explain in detail how hidden momentum arises in certain simple non-relativistic systems, in typical relativistic systems due to velocity-dependent ``relativistic mass'', and in magnetic dipoles as a special case of relativistic systems.

physics.class-ph

An exactly solvable model for anyons with non-Abelian flux

We present an exactly solvable model for synthetic anyons carrying non-Abelian flux. The model corresponds to a two-dimensional electron gas in a magnetic field with a specific spin interaction term, which allows only fully aligned spin states in the ground state; the ground state subspace is thus two-fold degenerate. This system is perturbed with identical solenoids carrying a non-Abelian gauge potential. We explore dynamics of the ground state as these solenoids are adiabatically braided and show they behave as anyons with a non-Abelian flux. Such a system represents a middle ground between the ordinary Abelian anyons and the fully non-Abelian anyons.

cond-mat.str-el

Capacitance matrix revisited

The capacitance matrix relates potentials and charges on a system of conductors. We review and rigorously generalize its properties, block-diagonal structure and inequalities, deduced from the geometry of system of conductors and analytic properties of the permittivity tensor. Furthermore, we discuss alternative choices of regularization of the capacitance matrix, which allow us to find the charge exchanged between the conductors having been brought to an equal potential. Finally, we discuss the tacit approximations used in standard treatments of the electric circuits, demonstrating how the formulae for the capacitance of capacitors connected in parallel and series may be recovered from the capacitance matrix.

math-ph

Berry phase for a Bose gas on a one-dimensional ring

We study a system of strongly interacting one-dimensional (1D) bosons on a ring pierced by a synthetic magnetic flux tube. By the Fermi-Bose mapping, this system is related to the system of spin-polarized non-interacting electrons confined on a ring and pierced by a solenoid (magnetic flux tube). On the ring there is an external localized delta-function potential barrier $V(ϕ)=g δ(ϕ-ϕ_0)$. We study the Berry phase associated to the adiabatic motion of delta-function barrier around the ring as a function of the strength of the potential $g$ and the number of particles $N$. The behavior of the Berry phase can be explained via quantum mechanical reflection and tunneling through the moving barrier which pushes the particles around the ring. The barrier produces a cusp in the density to which one can associate a missing charge $Δq$ (missing density) for the case of electrons (bosons, respectively). We show that the Berry phase (i.e., the Aharonov-Bohm phase) cannot be identified with the quantity $Δq/\hbar \oint \mathbf{A}\cdot d\mathbf{l}$. This means that the missing charge cannot be identified as a (quasi)hole. We point out to the connection of this result and recent studies of synthetic anyons in noninteracting systems. In addition, for bosons we study the weakly-interacting regime, which is related to the strongly interacting electrons via Fermi-Bose duality in 1D systems.

cond-mat.quant-gas

Synthetic anyons in noninteracting systems

Synthetic anyons can be implemented in a noninteracting many-body system, by using specially tailored localized (physical) probes, which supply the demanded nontrivial topology in the system. We consider the Hamiltonian for noninteracting electrons in two-dimensions (2D), in a uniform magnetic field, where the probes are external solenoids with a magnetic flux that is a fraction of the flux quantum. The Hamiltonian could also be implemented in an ultracold (fermionic) atomic gas in 2D, in a uniform synthetic magnetic field, where the probes are lasers giving rise to synthetic solenoid gauge potentials. We find analytically and numerically the ground state of this system when only the lowest Landau level states are occupied. It is shown that the ground state is anyonic in the coordinates of the probes. We show that these synthetic anyons cannot be considered as emergent quasiparticles. The fusion rules of synthetic anyons are discussed for different microscopic realizations of the fusion process.

cond-mat.str-el

Quasimomentum distribution and expansion of an anyonic gas

We point out that the momentum distribution is not a proper observable for a system of anyons in two-dimensions. In view of anyons as Wilczek's composite charged flux-tubes, this is a consequence of the fact that the orthogonal components of the kinetic momentum operator do not commute at the position of a flux tube, and thus cannot be diagonalized in the same basis. As a substitute for the momentum distribution of an anyonic (spatially localized) state, we propose to use the asymptotic single-particle density after expansion of anyons in free space from the state. This definition is identical with the standard one when the statistical parameter approaches that for bosons or fermions. Exact examples of expansion dynamics, which underpin our proposal, and observables that can be used to measure anyonic statistics, are shown.

cond-mat.quant-gas

Direct numerical approach to one-loop amplitudes

We present a completely numerical method of calculating one-loop amplitudes. Our approach is built upon two different existing methods: the contour deformation and the extrapolation methods. Taking the best features of each of them, we devise an intuitive, stable and robust procedure which circumvents the problem of large cancellations and related numerical instabilities by calculating the complete amplitude at once. As a proof of concept, we use our method to calculate the $2γ\to (N - 2)γ$ benchmark process, as well as the Higgs decay amplitude $H \to γγ$.

hep-ph

Lattice QCD and QCD Sum Rule determination of the decay constants of eta_c, J/psi and hc states

We compute the decay constants of the lowest ccbar-states with quantum numbers J(PC)=0(-+) [eta_c], 1(--) [J/psi], and 1(+-) [hc] by using lattice QCD and QCD sum rules. We consider the coupling of J/psi to both the vector and tensor currents. Lattice QCD results are obtained from the unquenched (Nf=2) simulations using twisted mass QCD at four lattice spacings, allowing us to take the continuum limit. On the QCD sum rule side we use the moment sum rules. The results are then used to discuss the rate of eta_c --> gamma gamma decay, and to comment on the factorization in B --> X K decays, with X being either eta_c or J/psi.

hep-ph

Exact high temperature expansion of the one-loop thermodynamic potential with complex chemical potential

We present a derivation of an exact high temperature expansion for a one-loop thermodynamic potential $Ω(\tildeμ)$ with complex chemical potential $\tildeμ$. The result is given in terms of a single sum the coefficients of which are analytical functions of $\tildeμ$ consisting of polynomials and polygamma functions, decoupled from the physical expansion parameter $βm$. The analytic structure of the coefficients permits us to explicitly calculate the thermodynamic potential for the imaginary chemical potential and analytically continue the domain to the complex $\tildeμ$ plane. Furthermore, our representation of $Ω(\tildeμ)$ is particularly well suited for the Landau--Ginzburg-type of phase transition analysis. This fact, along with the possibility of interpreting the imaginary chemical potential as an effective generalized-statistics phase, allows us to investigate the singular origin of the $m^3$ term appearing only in the bosonic thermodynamic potential.

hep-ph

Subtleties of Invariance, Covariance and Observer Independence

The role of the observers is frequently obscured in the literature, either by writing equations in a coordinate system implicitly pertaining to some specific observer or by entangling the invariance and the observer dependence of physical quantities. Using examples in relativistic kinematics and classical electrodynamics we clarify the confusion underlying these misconceptions.

gr-qc