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C. B. Pereira

Publications and source records attributed to C. B. Pereira.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Chemical composition of post-AGB star candidates

We present a high resolution detailed abundance analysis for a sample of six post-AGB candidate stars, five of them had not been studied spectroscopically in the optical region. All the analyzed objects are IRAS sources identified as possible post-AGB on the two-colours IRAS diagram. We find three objects with clear signs of evolved stars; IRAS 05338-3051 shows abundances similar to the RV Tauri V453 Oph; the lower-luminosity stars IRAS 18025 - 3906 is O-rich without s-process enrichment and IRAS 18386 - 1253 shows a moderate selective depletion of refractory elements generally seen in post-AGB stars, which show mid-IR excess; they may be evolved post-RGB objects, in which case these would be the first Galactic counterparts of post-RGB objects observed in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (Kamath et al. 2014, 2015). On the other hand, IRAS 02528 + 4350 seems to be a moderately metal-poor young object and IRAS 20259 + 4206 also seems to be a young object showing carbon deficiency; however, an analysis with better spectra might be in order to clarify its evolutionary state. Finally, our abundances calculations for the binary post-AGB star IRAS 17279 - 1119 are found in good agreement with those of De Smedt et al. (2016).

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The s process in AGB stars as constrained by a large sample of Barium stars

Context. Barium (Ba) stars are dwarf and giant stars enriched in elements heavier than iron produced by the slow neutron-capture process (s process). They belong to binary systems where the primary star evolved through the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase,during which it produced the s-process elements and transferred them onto the secondary, now observed as a Ba star. Aims. We compare the largest homogeneous set of Ba giant star observations of the s-process elements Y, Zr, La, Ce, and Nd with AGB nucleosynthesis models to reach a better understanding of the s process in AGB stars. Methods. By considering the light-s (ls: Y and Zr) heavy-s (hs: La, Ce, and Nd) and elements individually, we computed for the first time quantitative error bars for the different hs-element/ls-element abundance ratios, and for each of the sample stars. We compared these ratios to low-mass AGB nucleosynthesis models. We excluded La from our analysis because the strong La lines in some of the sample stars cause an overestimation and unreliable abundance determination, as compared to the other observed hs-type elements. Results. All the computed hs-type to ls-type element ratios show a clear trend of increasing with decreasing metallicity with a small spread (less than a factor of 3). This trend is predicted by low-mass AGB models where 13C is the main neutron source. The comparison with rotating AGB models indicates the need for the presence of an angular momentum transport mechanism that should not transport chemical species, but significantly reduce the rotational speed of the core in the advanced stellar evolutionary stages. This is an independent confirmation of asteroseismology observations of the slow down of core rotation in giant stars, and of rotational velocities of white dwarfs lower than predicted by models without an extra angular momentum transport mechanism.

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Detection of new eruptions in the Magellanic Clouds LBVs R 40 and R 110

We performed a spectroscopic and photometric analysis to study new eruptions in two luminous blue variables (LBVs) in the Magellanic Clouds. We detected a strong new eruption in the LBV R40 that reached $V \sim 9.2$ in 2016, which is around $1.3$ mag brighter than the minimum registered in 1985. During this new eruption, the star changed from an A-type to a late F-type spectrum. Based on photometric and spectroscopic empirical calibrations and synthetic spectral modeling, we determine that R\,40 reached $T_{\mathrm{eff}} = 5800-6300$~K during this new eruption. This object is thereby probably one of the coolest identified LBVs. We could also identify an enrichment of nitrogen and r- and s-process elements. We detected a weak eruption in the LBV R 110 with a maximum of $V \sim 9.9$ mag in 2011, that is, around $1.0$ mag brighter than in the quiescent phase. On the other hand, this new eruption is about $0.2$ mag fainter than the first eruption detected in 1990, but the temperature did not decrease below 8500 K. Spitzer spectra show indications of cool dust in the circumstellar environment of both stars, but no hot or warm dust was present, except by the probable presence of PAHs in R\,110. We also discuss a possible post-red supergiant nature for both stars.

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High-resolution spectroscopic observations of the new CEMP-s star CD-50$^\circ$776

Carbon enhanced metal poor (CEMP) stars are a particular class of low metalicity halo stars whose chemical analysis may provide important constrains to the chemistry evolution of the Galaxy and to the models of mass transfer and evolution of components in binary systems. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the CEMP star CD-50$^\circ$776, using high resolution optical spectroscopy. We found that CD-50$^\circ$776 has a metalicity [Fe/H]=-2.31 and a carbon abundance [C/Fe]=+1.21. Analyzing the s-process elements and the europium abundances, we show that this star is actually a CEMP-s star, based on the criteria set in the literature to classify these chemically peculiar objects. We also show that CD-50$^\circ$776 is a lead star, since it has a ratio [Pb/Ce]=+0.97. In addition, we show that CD-50$^\circ$776 develops radial velocity variations that may be attributed to the orbital motion in a binary system. The abundance pattern of CD-50$^\circ$776 is discussed and compared to other CEMP-s stars already reported in the literature to show that this star is a quite exceptional object among the CEMP stars, particularly due to its low nitrogen abundance. Explaining this pattern may require to improve the nucleosynthesis models, and the evolutionary models of mass transfer and binary interaction.

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Chemical abundances and kinematics of barium stars

In this paper we present an homogeneous analysis of photospheric abundances based on high-resolution spectroscopy of a sample of 182 barium stars and candidates. We determined atmospheric parameters, spectroscopic distances, stellar masses, ages, luminosities and scale height, radial velocities, abundances of the Na, Al, $alpha$-elements, iron-peak elements, and s-process elements Y, Zr, La, Ce, and Nd. We employed the local-thermodynamic-equilibrium model atmospheres of Kurucz and the spectral analysis code {\sc moog}. We found that the metallicities, the temperatures and the surface gravities for barium stars can not be represented by a single gaussian distribution. The abundances of $alpha$-elements and iron peak elements are similar to those of field giants with the same metallicity. Sodium presents some degree of enrichment in more evolved stars that could be attributed to the NeNa cycle. As expected, the barium stars show overabundance of the elements created by the s-process. By measuring the mean heavy-element abundance pattern as given by the ratio [s/Fe], we found that the barium stars present several degrees of enrichment. We also obtained the [hs/ls] ratio by measuring the photospheric abundances of the Ba-peak and the Zr-peak elements. Our results indicated that the [s/Fe] and the [hs/ls] ratios are strongly anti-correlated with the metallicity. Our kinematical analysis showed that 90% of the barium stars belong to the thin disk population. Based on their luminosities, none of the barium stars are luminous enough to be an AGB star, nor to become self-enriched in the s-process elements. Finally, we determined that the barium stars also follow an age-metallicity relation.

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Searching for new yellow symbiotic stars: positive identification of StHa63

Yellow symbiotic stars are useful targets to probe whether mass transfer has happened in these binary systems. However, the number of known yellow symbiotic stars is very scarce. We report spectroscopic observations of five candidate yellow symbiotic stars selected by their position in the 2MASS (J-H) vs. (H-Ks) diagram and included in some emission-line catalogs. Among the five candidates, only StHa63 is identified as a new yellow symbiotic star because of its spectrum and its position in the [TiO]1-[TiO]2 diagram that indicates a K4-K6 spectral type. In addition, the derived electron density (10E8.4 cm-3) and several emission line intensity ratios provide further support for that classification. The other four candidates are rejected as symbiotic stars because three of them actually do not show emission lines and the fourth one shows only Balmer emission lines. We also found that the WISE W3-W4 index clearly separates normal K-giants from yellow symbiotic stars and, therefore, can be used as an additional tool to select candidate yellow symbiotic stars.

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Spectroscopic analysis of four post-AGB candidates

We have done a detailed abundance analysis of four unexplored candidate post- Asymptotic Giant Branch(AGB) stars IRAS 13110 - 6629, IRAS 17579 - 3121, IRAS 18321 - 1401 and IRAS 18489 - 0629 using high resolution spectra. We have constructed Spectral Energy Distributions (SED) for these objects using the existing photometric data combined with infrared (IR) fluxes. For all sample stars, the SEDs exhibit double peaked energy distribution with well separated IR peaks showing the presence of dusty circumstellar material. The CNO abundances indicate the production of N via CN cycling, but observed [C/Fe] indicates the mixing of carbon produced by He burning by third dredge up although C/O ratio remains less that 1. A moderate DG effect is clearly seen for IRAS 18489 - 0629 and IRAS 17579 - 3121 while a large scatter observed in depletion plots for IRAS 18321 - 1401 and IRAS 13110 - 6629 indicate the presence of other processes affecting the observed abundance pattern.

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The planetary nebula nature and properties of IRAS18197-1118

IRAS18197-1118 is a stellar-like object that has been classified as a planetary nebula from its radio continuum emission and high [SIII]9532 to Paschen9 line intensity ratio, as derived from direct images. We present intermediate- and high-resolution, optical spectroscopy, VLA 8.46 GHz radio continuum data, and narrow-band optical images of IRAS18197-1118 aimed at confirming its planetary nebula nature, and analyzing its properties. The optical spectrum shows that IRAS18197-1118 is a medium-excitation planetary nebula suffering a high extinction (c(H_beta) ~3.37). The optical images do not resolve the object but the 8.46 GHz image reveals an elliptical shell of ~2.7x1.6 arcsec^2 in size, a compact central nebular region, and possible bipolar jet-like features, indicating several ejection events. The existence of a compact central nebula makes IRAS18197-1118 singular because this kind of structure is observed in a few PNe only. An expansion velocity ~20 km/s and a systemic velocity (LSR) ~+95 km/s are obtained for the object. An electron density of ~3.4x10^4 cm-3 and an ionized mass of ~2.1x10^-2 M_sun are deduced from the 8.46 GHz radio continuum data for an estimated statistical distance of 6 kpc. Helium abundance is high but nitrogen is not enriched, which is not consistently reproduced by evolutionary models, suggesting different abundances in the elliptical shell and central region. The properties of IRAS18197-1118 indicate a relatively young planetary nebula, favor a distance of >~6 kpc, and strongly suggest that it is an inner-disc planetary nebula.

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Establishing the link between HgMn and PGa stars

We discuss most recent spectroscopic and spectropolarimetric observations of the star HD 19400 representative of the group of PGa stars. Our high-spectral-resolution study of abundances, line profile variability, and the longitudinal magnetic field of HD 19400 discloses a remarkable similarity between this group and the group of HgMn stars.

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BG Gem - a Poorly-Studied Binary with a Possible Black Hole Component

BG Gem is an eclipsing binary with a 91.6-day orbital period. The more massive primary component does not seem to show absorption lines in the spectrum, while the less massive secondary is thought to be a K-type star, possibly a supergiant. These results were obtained with optical low-resolution spectroscopy and photometry. The primary was suggested to be a black hole, although with a low confidence. We present a high-resolution optical spectrum of the system along with new BVR-photometry. Analysis of the spectrum shows that the K-type star rotates rapidly at v sin i = 18 km/s compared to most evolved stars of this temperature range. We also discuss constraints on the secondary's luminosity using spectroscopic criteria and on the entire system parameters using both the spectrum and photometry.

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Chemical analysis of giant stars in the young open cluster NGC 3114

Context: Open clusters are very useful targets for examining possible trends in galactocentric distance and age, especially when young and old open clusters are compared. Aims: We carried out a detailed spectroscopic analysis to derive the chemical composition of seven red giants in the young open cluster NGC 3114. Abundances of C, N, O, Li, Na, Mg, Al, Ca, Si, Ti, Ni, Cr, Y, Zr, La, Ce, and Nd were obtained, as well as the carbon isotopic ratio. Methods: The atmospheric parameters of the studied stars and their chemical abundances were determined using high-resolution optical spectroscopy. We employed the local-thermodynamic-equilibrium model atmospheres of Kurucz and the spectral analysis code MOOG. The abundances of the light elements were derived using the spectral synthesis technique. Results: We found that NGC 3114 has a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = -0.01+/-0.03. The isochrone fit yielded a turn-off mass of 4.2 Msun. The [N/C] ratio is in good agreement with the models predicted by first dredge-up. We found that two stars, HD 87479 and HD 304864, have high rotational velocities of 15.0 km/s and 11.0 km/s; HD 87526 is a halo star and is not a member of NGC 3114. Conclusions: The carbon and nitrogen abundance in NGC 3114 agree with the field and cluster giants. The oxygen abundance in NGC 3114 is lower compared to the field giants. The [O/Fe] ratio is similar to the giants in young clusters. We detected sodium enrichment in the analyzed cluster giants. As far as the other elements are concerned, their [X/Fe] ratios follow the same trend seen in giants with the same metallicity.

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CD-62\degree1346: an extreme halo or hypervelocity CH~star?

High-velocity halo stars provide important information about the properties of the extreme Galactic halo. The study of unbound and bound Population II stars permits us to better estimate the mass of the halo.} {We carried out a detailed spectroscopic and kinematic study and have significantly refined the distance and the evolutionary state of the star. Its atmospheric parameters, chemical abundances and kinematical properties were determined using high-resolution optical spectroscopy and employing the local-thermodynamic-equilibrium model atmospheres of Kurucz and the spectral analysis code {\sc moog}. We found that CD-62$\degr$1346 is a metal-poor ([Fe/H]=$-$1.7) evolved giant star with $T_{\rm eff}=5300$ K and $\log g=1.7$. The star exhibits high carbon and s-element abundances typical of CH stars. It is also a lead star. Our kinematic analysis of its 3D space motions shows that this star has a highly eccentric ($e=0.91$) retrograde orbit with an apogalactic distance of $\sim 100$ kpc, exceeding by a factor of three the distance to the Magellanic Clouds. The star travels with very high velocity relative to the Galactocentric reference frame ($V_{\rm GRF}=570$ km\,s$^{-1}$). CD-62$\degr$1346 is an evolved giant star and not a subgiant star, as was considered earlier. Whether it is bound or unbound to the Galaxy depends on the assumed mass and on the adopted Galactic potential. We also show that the star HD 5223 is another example of a high-velocity CH star that exceeds the Galactic escape velocity. Possible origins of these two high-velocity stars are briefly discussed. CD-62$\degr$1346 and HD 5223 are the first red giant stars to join the restricted group of hypervelocity stars.

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He II 4686 in eta Carinae: collapse of the wind-wind collision region during periastron passage

The periodic spectroscopic events in eta Carinae are now well established and occur near the periastron passage of two massive stars in a very eccentric orbit. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the variations of different spectral features, such as an eclipse by the wind-wind collision boundary, a shell ejection from the primary star or accretion of its wind onto the secondary. All of them have problems explaining all the observed phenomena. To better understand the nature of the cyclic events, we performed a dense monitoring of eta Carinae with 5 Southern telescopes during the 2009 low excitation event, resulting in a set of data of unprecedented quality and sampling. The intrinsic luminosity of the He II 4686 emission line (L~310 Lsun) just before periastron reveals the presence of a very luminous transient source of extreme UV radiation emitted in the wind-wind collision (WWC) region. Clumps in the primary's wind probably explain the flare-like behavior of both the X-ray and He II 4686 light-curves. After a short-lived minimum, He II 4686 emission rises again to a ne

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Chemical abundances and kinematics of a sample of metal-rich barium stars

We determined the atmospheric parameters and abundance pattern for a sample of metal-rich barium stars. We used high-resolution optical spectroscopy. Atmospheric parameters and abundances were determined using the local thermodynamic equilibrium atmosphere models of Kurucz and the spectral analysis code MOOG. We show that the stars have enhancement factors, [s/Fe], from 0.25 to 1.16. Their abundance pattern of the Na, Al, alpha-elements, and iron group elements as well as their kinematical properties are similar to the characteristics of the other metal-rich and super metal-rich stars already analyzed. We conclude that metal-rich barium stars do not belong to the bulge population. We also show that metal-rich barium stars are useful targets for probing the s-process enrichment in high-metallicity environments.

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High Resolution Spectroscopy of the Planetary Nebulae PM1-242, PM1-318 and PM1-322

We have recently confirmed the planetary nebula (PN)nature of PM1-242, PM1-318 and PM1-322. Here we present high-resolution long-slit spectra of these three PNe in order to analyze their internal kinematics and to investigate their physical structure. PM1-242 is a tilted ring and not an elliptical PN as suggested by direct images. The object is probably related to ring-like PNe and shows an unusual point-symmetric brightness distribution in the ring. PM1-318 is a pole-on elliptical PN, instead of a circular one as suggested by direct images. PM1-322 is spatially unresolved and its spectrum shows large differences between the forbidden lines and H$α$ profiles, with the latter showing a double-peaked profile and relatively extended wings (FWZI $\sim$ 325 km\,s$^{-1}$). These properties are found in other PNe that are suspected to host a symbiotic central star.

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Distribution of refractory and volatile elements in CoRoT exoplanet host stars

The relative distribution of abundances of refractory, intermediate, and volatile elements in stars with planets can be an important tool for investigating the internal migration of a giant planet. This migration can lead to the accretion of planetesimals and the selective enrichment of the star with these elements. We report on a spectroscopic determination of the atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances of the parent stars in transiting planets CoRoT-2b and CoRoT-4b. Adding data for CoRoT-3 and CoRoT-5 from the literature, we find a flat distribution of the relative abundances as a function of their condensation temperatures. For CoRoT-2, the relatively high lithium abundance and intensity of its Li I resonance line permit us to propose an age of 120 Myr, making this stars one of the youngest stars with planets to date. We introduce a new methodology to investigate a relation between the abundances of these stars and the internal migration of their planets. By simulating the internal migration of a planet in a disk formed only by planetesimals, we are able to separate the stellar fractions of refractory (R), intermediate (I), and volatile (V) rich planetesimals accreting onto the central star. Intermediate and volatile element fractions enriching the star are similar and much larger than those of pure refractory ones. We also show that these results are highly dependent on the model adopted for the disk distribution regions in terms of R, I, and V elements and other parameters considered. We note however, that this self-enrichment mechanism is only efficient during the first 20-30 Myr or later in the lifetime of the disk when the surface convection layers of the central star for the first time attain its minimum size configuration.

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Spectroscopic confirmation of the planetary nebula nature of PM1-242, PM1-318 and PM1-333 and morphological analysis of the nebulae

We present intermediate resolution long-slit spectra and narrow-band Halpha, [NII] and [OIII] images of PM1-242, PM318 and PM1-333, three IRAS sources classified as possible planetary nebulae. The spectra show that the three objects are true planetary nebulae and allow us to study their physical properties; the images provide a detailed view of their morphology. PM1-242 is a medium-to-high-excitation (e.g., HeII4686/Hbeta ~0.4; [NII]6584/Halpha ~0.3) planetary nebula with an elliptical shape containing [NII] enhanced point-symmetric arcs. An electron temperature [Te([SIII])] of ~10250 K and an electron density [Ne([SII])] of ~2300 cm-3 are derived for PM1-242. Abundance calculations suggest a large helium abundance (He/H ~0.29) in PM1-242. PM1-318 is a high-excitation (HeII4686/Hbeta ~1) planetary nebula with a ring-like inner shell containing two enhanced opposite regions, surrounded by a fainter round attached shell brighter in the light of [OIII]. PM1-333 is an extended planetary nebula with a high-excitation (HeII4686/Hbeta up to ~0.9) patchy circular main body containing two low-excitation knotty arcs. A low Ne([SII]) of ~450 cm-3 and Te([OIII]) of ~15000 K are derived for this nebula. Abundance calculations suggest that PM1-333 is a type I planetary nebula. The lack of a sharp shell morphology, low electron density, and high-excitation strongly suggest that PM1-333 is an evolved planetary nebula. PM1-333 also shows two low-ionization polar structures whose morphology and emission properties are reminiscent of collimated outflows. We compare PM1-333 with other evolved planetary nebulae with collimated outflows and find that outflows among evolved planetary nebulae exhibit a large variety of properties, in accordance with these observed in younger planetary nebula.

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Spectroscopic analysis of two peculiar emission line stars: RJHA 49 and SS73 21

Aims: To investigate the spectra and the evolutionary stages of two peculiar emission-line stars: RJHA 49 and SS73 21. Methods: We used low and high resolution optical data. Line identifications and measurements were performed for several features in their spectra. Results: For each object, we have derived the extinction and the excitation temperature from a set of [Fe II] lines, and the electron density from [N II] lines. For RJHA 49, no detailed spectroscopic study was done so far. Regarding SS73 21, our low resolution spectrum have confirmed the main characteristics found in previous works. On the other side, from our high resolution data, we have found that the Halpha line presents a double-peak, in contrast with the suggestion in the literature that it should reveal a P-Cygni profile. Surprisingly, we found a few He I transitions resembling P-Cygni profiles (e.g. He I 5876), directly suggesting that mass loss is active in SS73 21. We also discussed the nature of these two objects based on the data obtained. Although the evolutionary status of SS73 21 seems well established from previous studies (a proto-planetary nebula), the situation for RJHA 49 is not so clear mainly due to its unknown distance. However, from the strength of [N II] 5754 relative to [O I] 6300, the possibility of RJHA 49 being a LBV object is reduced, and a B[e]-supergiant or a proto-planetary nebula status is more plausible.

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