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C. Jarlskog

Publications and source records attributed to C. Jarlskog.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2008

Lord Rutherford of Nelson, His 1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Why He Didn't Get a Second Prize

"I have dealt with many different transformations with various periods of time, but the quickest that I have met was my own transformation in one moment from a physicist to a chemist." Ernest Rutherford (Nobel Banquet, 1908) This article is about how Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) got the 1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and why he did not get a second Prize for his subsequent outstanding discoveries in physics, specially the discovery of the atomic nucleus and the proton. Who were those who nominated him and who did he nominate for the Nobel Prizes. In order to put the Prize issue into its proper context, I will briefly describe Rutherford's whereabouts. Rutherford, an exceptionally gifted scientist who revolutionized chemistry and physics, was moulded in the finest classical tradition. What were his opinions on some scientific issues such as Einstein's photon, uncertainty relations and the future prospects for atomic energy? What would he have said about the "Theory of Everything"?

physics.hist-ph↗
arXiv2007

Neutrino Sector with Majorana Mass Terms and Friedberg-Lee Symmetry

We examine a recently proposed symmetry/condition by Friedberg and Lee in the framework where three right-handed neutrinos are added to the spectrum of the three-family Minimal Standard Model. It is found that the right-handed neutrinos are very special, with respect to this symmetry. In the symmetry limit the neutrinos are massless and that may be a hint about why they are light. Imposed as a condition and not as a full symmetry, we find that one of the three right-handed neutrinos simply decouples (has only gravitational interactions) and that there is a massless interacting neutrino. The possible relation of the model to the see-saw mechanism is briefly discussed.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2006

The Role of Invariant Functions in Understanding Masses and Mixings

One of the central questions in theoretical particle physics, since already several decades, has been that of "masses and mixings of the quarks. With the entry of neutrino oscillations into the field, the issue of lepton masses has added a new dimension to the problem. In the literature one finds many models of quark and lepton mass matrices. However, the mass and mixing problems remain unsolved. In this talk I will present my own contributions to this field, however as you may expect without offering a solution. I encourage you to go ahead and think about the problem but be aware of the pitfalls.

hep-ph↗
arXiv2005

Recursive parameterisation and invariant phases of unitary matrices

We present further properties of a previously proposed recursive scheme for parameterisation of n-by-n unitary matrices. We show that the factors in the recursive formula may be introduced in any desired order. The method is used to study the invariant phases of unitary matrices. The case of four-by-four unitary matrices is investigated in detail. We also address the question of how to construct symmetric unitary matrices using the recursive approach.

math-ph↗
arXiv2000

Zee-type Neutrino Mass Matrix and Bi-Maximal Mixing

It is shown that the bi-maximal solution is the only possibility to reconcile Zee-type neutrino mass matrix with three flavors to the current atmospheric and solar neutrino experimental data. The mass of the lightest neutrino, which consist mostly of $ν_μ$ and $ν_τ$, is $\simeq Δm_{\odot}^2/(2\sqrt{Δm_{atm}^2})$. The related topics on Zee-type neutrino mass matrix are also discussed.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1999

Zee Mass Matrix and Bi-Maximal Neutrino Mixing

We investigate neutrino masses and mixings within the framework of the Zee mass matrix, with three lepton flavors. It is shown that the bi-maximal solution is the only possibility to reconcile atmospheric and solar neutrino data, within this ansatz. We obtain two almost degenerate neutrinos, which are mixtures of all three neutrino flavors, with heavy masses $\simeq \sqrt{Δm_{atm}^2}$. The predicted mass of the lightest neutrino, which should consist mostly of $ν_μ$ and $ν_τ$, is $\simeq Δm_{\odot}^2/(2\sqrt{Δm_{atm}^2})$.

hep-ph↗
arXiv1995

Non-decoupling of Heavy Neutrinos and Lepton Flavour Violation

We consider a class of models predicting new heavy neutral fermionic states, whose mixing with the light neutrinos can be naturally significant and produce observable effects below the threshold for their production. We update the indirect limits on the flavour non-diagonal mixing parameters that can be derived from unitarity, and show that significant rates are in general expected for one-loop-induced rare processes due to the exchange of virtual heavy neutrinos, involving the violation of the muon and electron lepton numbers. In particular, the amplitudes for $μ$--$e$ conversion in nuclei and for $μ\to ee^+e^-$ show a non-decoupling quadratic dependence on the heavy neutrino mass $M$, while $μ\to eγ$ is almost independent of the heavy scale above the electroweak scale. These three processes are then used to set stringent constraints on the flavour-violating mixing angles. In all the cases considered, we point out explicitly that the non-decoupling behaviour is strictly related to the spontaneous breaking of the SU(2) symmetry.

hep-ph↗