arXiv subjects

C. N. Tadhunter

Publications and source records attributed to C. N. Tadhunter.

83 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

arXiv2000

The large scale distribution of warm ionized gas around nearby radio galaxies with jet-cloud interactions

Deep, narrow-band Halpha observations taken with the TAURUS Tunable Filter (TTF) on the 4.2m WHT telescope are presented for two nearby radio galaxies with strong jet-cloud interactions. Although the brightest emission line components are closely aligned with the radio jets --- providing nearby examples of the ``alignment effect'' most commonly observed in high redshift (z > 0.5) radio galaxies --- lower surface brightness emission line structures are detected at large distances (10's of kpc) from the radio jet axis. These latter structures cannot be reconciled with anisotropic illumination of the ISM by obscured quasar-like sources, since parts of the structures lay outside any plausible quasar ionization cones. Rather, the distribution of the emission lines around the fringes of the extended radio lobes suggests that the gas is ionized either by direct interaction with the radio components, or by the diffuse photoionizing radiation fields produced in the shocks generated in such interactions. These observations serve to emphasise that the ionizing effects of the radio components can extend far from the radio jet axes, and that deep emission line imaging observations are required to reveal the true distribution of warm gas in the host galaxies. We expect future deep imaging observations to reveal similar structures perpendicular to the radio axes in the high-z radio galaxies.

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arXiv2000

Highly polarized structures in the near-nuclear regions of Cygnus A: intrinsic anisotropy within the cones?

We present near-IR imaging polarimetry observations of the nucleus of Cygnus A, taken with the NICMOS camera of the HST at a wavelength of 2.0 microns.These maps reveal a highly collimated region of polarized emission straddling the nucleus and extending to a radius of 1.2 arcseconds. Remarkably, this feature coincides with one, but only one, limb of the edge-brightened bicone structure seen in the total intensity image. The high degree (P_k ~ 25%) and orientation of the extended polarization feature are consistent with a scattering origin. Most plausibly, the detection of polarization along only one limb of the bicone is a consequence of intrinsic anisotropy of the near-IR continuum within the radiation cones, with the direction of maximum intensity of the near-IR radiation field significantly displaced from the direction of the radio axis. The unresolved nuclear core source is also highly polarized (P_k > 28%), with a position angle close to the perpendicular to the radio axis. Given that this high degree of nuclear polarization can only be explained in terms of dichroic extinction if the dichroic mechanism is unusually efficient in Cygnus A, it is more likely that the nuclear polarization is due to the scattering of nuclear light in an unresolved scattering region close to the AGN. In this case, the flux of the core source in the K-band is dominated by scattered rather than transmitted quasar light, and previous extinction estimates based on K-band photometry of the core substantially underestimate the true nuclear extinction.

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arXiv1999

The radio structures of southern 2-Jy radio sources: new ATCA and VLA radio images

We present new radio images obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Very Large Array (VLA) for a group of 14 galaxies belonging to the 2-Jy sample of radio sources. The new images improve the data already available on these objects and, in general, the database that we are building up on the sample. They will also be used for follow-up work where radio-optical comparison will be done. We briefly discuss the core dominance parameter (R) for the objects for which the new data have given new information and, in particular, for broad line radio galaxies (BLRG). One of the BLRG does not show a core, even at 3 cm, and this is at variance with the general tendency of BLRG to have relatively strong cores. The depolarization is also discussed for a group of small double-lobed radio galaxies.

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arXiv1999

UV rest frame spectroscopy of four high redshift (z>2) active galaxies

We present UV spectra of a small sample of high redshift active galaxies: the hyperluminous, gravitationally lensed system SMM J02399-0136 (z=2.8) and three powerful radio galaxies (z~2.5). Extended continuum and emission lines are detected in all objects. The three radio galaxies present typical spectra with dominant Lya and weaker CIV1550, HeII1640 and CIII]1909. The spectrum of SMM J02399-0136 is strikingly different, showing relatively weak Lya and HeII and strong NV1240 relative to the C lines. We find that the weakness of HeII can be explained if the intermediate density narrow line region (n~10^{5-6} cm^-3 dominates the emission line spectrum, rather than the more extended low density gas (n<100 cm^-3). The line ratios of MRC2025-218 suggest that this is also the case in this object. MRC2025-218 and SMM J02399-0136 show the largest NV/HeII and NV/CIV values found in high redshift radio galaxies. The failure of solar abundance models to explain these line ratios and studies of metal abundances in high redshift quasars and radio galaxies, suggest that nitrogen is overabundant in the ionized gas of these objects. Alternative possibilities which we discuss include NV emission from the broad line region and differential amplification by a gravitational lens. We report the discovery of a PCygni profile in the CIV line in the spectrum of MRC2025-218. We detect also CII1334.5 in absorption and PCygni profiles for the lines SiIV1393.8,1402.8. We do not detect any purely photospheric stellar lines. The nature of the absorption features is not clear. It could be due to stars or an associated absorption line system.

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arXiv1998

The nature of the optical---radio correlations for powerful radio galaxies

The nature of the optical--radio correlations for powerful radio galaxies is investigated using spectroscopic observations of a complete sample of southern 2Jy radio sources. In line with previous work, we find that significant correlations exist between the luminosities of the [OIII]5007, [OII]3727 and Hbeta emission lines and the radio luminosity. However, our observations are not easily reconciled with the idea that these correlations are caused by the increase in the power of the photoionizing quasar as the jet power increases, with average ISM properties not changing appreciably with redshift or radio power: not only do we find that the scatter in the L_[OIII] vs. L_radio correlation is significantly larger than in L_[OII]} vs. L_radio and L_Hbeta vs. L_radio correlations, but the ionization state deduced from the emission lines does not increase with radio power as predicted by the simple, constant ISM, photionization model. We conclude that: (a) there exists a considerable range in the quasar ionizing luminosity at a given redshift; and (b) that the mean density of the emission line clouds is larger in the high redshift/high power radio sources. The latter density enhancement may either be a consequence of the increased importance of jet-cloud interactions or, alternatively, due to a higher pressure in the confining hot ISM, in the high redshift objects. Deep spectra show that many of the sources in our sample are broad line radio galaxies (BLRG). The fact that the BLRG are observed out the redshift limit of the survey, overlapping in redshift with the quasars, argues against the idea that BLRG are simply the low radio power counterparts of high power, high redshift quasars.

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arXiv1998

Radio jet interactions in the radio galaxy PKS 2152-699

We present radio observations of the radio galaxy PKS 2152-699 obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). The much higher resolution and s/n of the new radio maps reveals the presence of a bright radio component about 10 arcsec NE of the nucleus. This lies close to the highly ionized cloud previously studied in the optical and here shown in a broadband red snapshot image with the HST PC2. It suggests that PKS 2152-699 may be a jet/cloud interaction similar to 3C277.3. This could cause the change in the position angle (of ~20 deg) of the radio emission from the inner to the outer regions. On the large scale, the source has Fanaroff & Riley type II morphology although the presence of the two hot-spots in the centres of the lobes is unusual. The northern lobe shows a particularly relaxed structure while the southern one has an edge-brightened, arc-like structure.

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arXiv1998

BeppoSAX Observations of 2 Jy Lobe-dominated Broad-Line Sources: the Discovery of a Hard X-ray Component

We present new BeppoSAX LECS, MECS, and PDS observations of five lobe-dominated, broad-line active galactic nuclei selected from the 2 Jy sample of southern radio sources. These include three radio quasars and two broad-line radio galaxies. ROSAT PSPC data, available for all the objects, are also used to better constrain the spectral shape in the soft X-ray band. The collected data cover the 0.1 - 10 keV energy range, reaching 40 keV for one source. Detailed spectral fitting shows that all sources have a flat hard X-ray spectrum with energy index alpha_x ~ 0.75 in the 2 - 10 keV energy range. This is a new result, which is at variance with the situation at lower energies where these sources exhibit steeper spectra. Spectral breaks ~0.5 at 1 - 2 keV characterize the overall X-ray spectra of our objects. The flat, high-energy slope is very similar to that displayed by flat-spectrum/core-dominated quasars, which suggests that the same emission mechanism (most likely inverse Compton) produces the hard X-ray spectra in both classes. Contrary to the optical evidence for some of our sources, no absorption above the Galactic value is found in our sample. Finally, a (weak) thermal component is also present at low energies in the two broad-line radio galaxies included in our study.

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arXiv1998

PKS 1932-464: a jet-cloud interaction in a radio galaxy?

We present optical and radio images, and long-slit spectra of the radio galaxy PKS 1932-464 (z=0.230). Our main goal is to determine whether the observed properties of the extended emission line nebulosity in this object show evidence for interactions between the radio jet and the extended ionized gas, or whether they can be explained in terms of the illumination of the extended gas by the active nucleus. Although the data do not show compelling evidence for jet-cloud interactions, the existence of two well distinguished emitting line regions with very different kinematics and ionization levels suggests the presence of such interactions. The large-scale gas distribution is complex and suggests a gravitational interaction between the host galaxy of PKS 1932-464 and a nearby companiongalaxy. The detection of a broad Ha emission line in the nuclear spectrum of the object provides evidence that this object is a broad line radio galaxy (BLRG) rather than a narrow line radio galaxy (NLRG) as previously supposed.

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arXiv1997

The ionization mechanism of the extended gas in high redshift radio galaxies:shocks or AGN photoionization?

We have compared the UV line ratios of a sample of very high redshift radio galaxies with shock and AGN photoionization models, with the goal of determining the balance between jet-induced shocks and AGN illumination in the extended emission line regions. We find that the UV line ratios cannot be explained in terms of photoionization of solar abundance gas by the classical power law of index $α=$-1.5, which successfully reproduces the general trends defined by the optical line ratios of low redshift radio galaxies. Pure shock models also provide a poor fit to the data. However, photoionization by a power law of index -1.0 provides an excellent fit to the UV line ratios. This suggests that the ionizing continuum spectral shape may depend on radio luminosity and/or redshift, such that it becomes harder as the radio power and/or redshift increase. However, an alternative possibility is that we are seeing the first signs of chemical evolution in these objects, since a power-law of index -1.5 with low metallicity also provides a good fit to the data. We further show that the UV line ratios provide a sensitive test of the ionization mechanism for the lower ionization conditions prevalent in some low redshift jet-cloud interaction candidates.

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arXiv1996

Soft X-ray properties of a complete sample of radio sources

We present the soft X-ray (0.1--2.4 keV) properties of a complete sample of 88 southern radio sources derived from the Wall \& Peacock 2-Jy sample. It comprises 68 radio galaxies, 18 quasars and 2 BL Lac objects. Whereas both BL Lac objects and all but one quasar are detected in the {\it ROSAT} All-Sky Survey, the fraction of detected radio galaxies is only $\sim$ 60 per cent. For the undetected sources upper limits to the X-ray flux are given. We confirm the correlation of the soft X-ray luminosity (\lx) with the core radio luminosity (\lc) for galaxies as well as for quasars using partial correlation analysis, whereas the corresponding correlations between \lx and \lt are probably spurious due to sample selection effects. We also find strong correlations between \lx and \lc for both Fanaroff-Riley type I (FR~I) and type II galaxies. The broad-line radio galaxies (BLRGs) and the quasars are at the top end of the X-ray luminosity distribution and the detection rate of these objects generally is higher than that of the narrow- or weak-lined radio galaxies. This indicates the presence of an anisotropic X-ray component in BLRGs and quasars, as predicted by unified schemes for radio sources.

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arXiv1995

Kinematics of ionized gas associated with the radio nucleus and lobes in the active galaxy IRAS 04210+0400

We have used high resolution longslit spectroscopy to investigate the ionized gas in the active galaxy IRAS 04210+0400 and its association with the radio structure. We suggest that two of the ionized components are associated with the central double radio source and observe that the relative positions of these components vary for different emission lines. Both results are consistent with the radio components representing the working surfaces of a pair of jets emerging from the centre of the galaxy. In this scenario, the optical emission in the centre arises behind the bowshocks produced by the jets in the interstellar medium. The emission lines are detected and show a dramatic (~ 900 km/s) spread in velocity at the position of the radio lobe hotspots. We suggest a model which explains this phenomenon as the result of a jet head emerging through the boundary between the interstellar and intergalactic medium. A similar scenario has previously been suggested as a model to explain wide angle tail radio sources (WAT's). Based on this model, we simulate the longslit spectra of these regions and compare the results with the observations.

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