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C. Rodríguez-Tajes

Publications and source records attributed to C. Rodríguez-Tajes.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

Isotopic fission yields of ${}^{240}$Pu as a function of the excitation energy

Complete isotopic fission yields distributions of $^{240}$Pu have been measured as a function of the initial excitation energy. The $^{240}$Pu fissioning system was produced through a two-proton transfer reaction between a $^{238}$U beam and a $^{12}$C target. The reaction was measured in inverse kinematics at Coulomb barrier energies, allowing for the full distribution of fission fragments to be isotopically identified with the VAMOS++ Spectrometer. The excitation energy of the system was measured on an event-by-event basis by detecting the target-like recoil $^{10}$Be in a segmented silicon telescope. This manuscript reports on the evolution of the fission yields as a function of the excitation energy of the system between 8.2 to 11.9 MeV. The influence of the excitation energy is manifested in the damping of shell effects that feed the yields in the symmetry valley, as well as in a reduction of the neutron content of the fragments. This reduction, however, is observed only in the heavy fragment, while the neutron content of the light fragment remains unaffected. The comparison with previous measurements, models, and evaluations highlights the importance of correlated observables for improving fission models.

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Ground State Decay of the Three-Proton Emitter $^{17}$Na Reveals Isospin Symmetry Breaking

The spectrum of the exotic three-proton (3p) emitter $^{17}$Na has been studied by detecting all in-flight decay products. Derived from the measured angular correlations $^{14}$O+p+p+p, a resonant peak has been discovered at the 3p-decay energy of 2.24($^{+0.17}_{-0.25}$) MeV, which likely corresponds to the $^{17}$Na ground state. This decay energy value is significantly smaller than the previous experimental upper limit. Our measured $^{14}$O-p correlations stemming from the ground state decay have been quantitatively described by a sequential 1p-2p emission from a $^{17}$Na resonance via the intermediate $^{16}$Ne ground state, which allowed to derive the upper limit of $^{17}$Na ground-state width of 0.6 MeV. A dramatic systematic decrease in the mirror energy differences of mirror nuclei pairs has been observed at almost all 3p emitters with known proton separation energy (such as $^{31}$K, $^{20}$Al, and $^{17}$Na), in sharp contrast to the behavior in less exotic nuclei. Such a lowering effect indicates a general trend in evolution of nuclear structure for light to medium mass nuclei beyond the proton drip line, which is often associated with strong isospin symmetry breaking.

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Unbound neutron $\nu0d_{3/2}$ strength in $^{17}$C and the N=16 shell gap

Significant continuum strength has been observed to be populated in $^{17}$C produced in the d($^{16}$C,p) reaction at a beam energy of 17.2~MeV/nucleon. The strength appears at greater than $\sim$2~MeV above the single-neutron decay threshold and has been identified as arising from transfer into the neutron $0d_{3/2}$ orbital. Guided by shell model predictions the greater majority of the strength is associated with a 3/2$^+$ state at an excitation energy of 4.40$_{-0.14}^{+0.33}$ MeV and a much weaker 3/2$^+$ level at 5.60$_{-0.45}^{+1.35}$ MeV. The corresponding total widths were determined to be 3.45$_{-0.78}^{+1.82}$ and 1.6$_{-1.4}^{+4.6}$ MeV, respectively. From the backward angle proton differential cross sections and the branching ratios for neutron decay to the $^{16}$C(2$_{1}^{+}$) level, the corresponding spectroscopic factors to the ground state were deduced to be 0.47$\pm{10}$ and $<$0.09. Shell-model calculations employing the phenomenological SFO-tls interaction as well as Gamow Shell-Model calculations including continuum effects are in reasonable agreement with experiment, although the predicted strength lies at somewhat lower energy. The size of the N=16 shell gap ($\varepsilon_{ \nu0d_{3/2}}-\varepsilon _{ν1s_{1/2}}$) was estimated to be 5.08$_{-0.33}^{+0.43}$~MeV - some 1.3~MeV larger than found in the SFO-tls shell model calculation.

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Observation and spectroscopy of proton-unbound nucleus $^{21}$Al

We report on the observation of previously-unknown isotope $^{21}$Al, the first unbound aluminum isotope located beyond the proton dripline. The $^{21}$Al nucleus decays by one-proton (1p) emission, and its in-flight decays were detected by tracking trajectories of all decay products with micro-strip silicon detectors. The 1p-emission processes were studied by analyses of the measured angular correlations of decay products $^{20}$Mg+p. The 1p-decay energies of ground and low-lying excited states of $^{21}$Al, its mass excess and proton separation energy value $S_p$=$-1.1(1)$ MeV were determined.

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Cross-shell states in $^{15}$C: a test for p-sd interactions

The low-lying structure of $^{15}$C has been investigated via the neutron-removal $^{16}$C$(d,t)$ reaction. Along with bound neutron sd-shell hole states, unbound p-shell hole states have been firmly confirmed. The excitation energies and the deduced spectroscopic factors of the cross-shell states are an important measure of the $[(p)^{-1}(sd)^{2}]$ neutron configurations in $^{15}$C. Our results show a very good agreement with shell-model calculations using the SFO-tls interaction for $^{15}$C. However, a modification of the $p$-$sd$ and $sd$-$sd$ monopole terms was applied in order to reproduce the $N=9$ isotone $^{17}$O. In addition, the excitation energies and spectroscopic factors have been compared to the first calculations of $^{15}$C with the $ab~ initio$ self-consistent Green's function method employing the NNLO$_{sat}$ interaction. The results show the sensitivity to the size of the $N=8$ shell gap and highlight the need of going beyond the current truncation scheme in the theory.

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Low-lying single-particle structure of 17C and the N = 14 sub-shell closure

The first investigation of the single-particle structure of the bound states of 17C, via the d(16C, p) transfer reaction, has been undertaken. The measured angular distributions confirm the spin-parity assignments of 1/2+ and 5/2+ for the excited states located at 217 and 335 keV, respectively. The spectroscopic factors deduced for these states exhibit a marked single-particle character, in agreement with shell model and particle-core model calculations, and combined with their near degeneracy in energy provide clear evidence for the absence of the N = 14 sub-shell closure. The very small spectroscopic factor found for the 3/2+ ground state is consistent with theoretical predictions and indicates that the ν1d3/2 strength is carried by unbound states. With a dominant l = 0 valence neutron configuration and a very low separation energy, the 1/2+ excited state is a one-neutron halo candidate.

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Re-examining the transition into the N=20 island of inversion: structure of $^{30}$Mg

Intermediate energy single-neutron removal from $^{31}$Mg has been employed to investigate the transition into the N=20 island of inversion. Levels up to 5~MeV excitation energy in $^{30}$Mg were populated and spin-parity assignments were inferred from the corresponding longitudinal momentum distributions and $γ$-ray decay scheme. Comparison with eikonal-model calculations also permitted spectroscopic factors to be deduced. Surprisingly, the 0$^{+}_{2}$ level in $^{30}$Mg was found to have a strength much weaker than expected in the conventional picture of a predominantly $2p - 2h$ intruder configuration having a large overlap with the deformed $^{31}$Mg ground state. In addition, negative parity levels were identified for the first time in $^{30}$Mg, one of which is located at low excitation energy. The results are discussed in the light of shell-model calculations employing two newly developed approaches with markedly different descriptions of the structure of $^{30}$Mg. It is concluded that the cross-shell effects in the region of the island of inversion at Z=12 are considerably more complex than previously thought and that $np - nh$ configurations play a major role in the structure of $^{30}$Mg.

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Time-dependent mean field determination of the excitation energy in transfer reactions: application to the reaction $^{238}$U on $^{12}$C at 6.14 MeV/A

The internal excitation of nuclei after multi-nucleon transfer is estimated by using the time-dependent mean-field theory. Transfer probabilities for each channel as well as the energy loss after re-separation are calculated. By combining these two informations, we show that the excitation energy distribution of the transfer fragments can be obtained separately for the different transfer channels. The method is applied to the reaction involving a $^{238}$U beam on a $^{12}$C target, which has recently been measured at GANIL. It is shown that the excitation energy calculated with the microscopic theory compares well with the experimental observation, provided that the competition with fusion is properly taken into account. The reliability of the excitation energy is further confirmed by the comparison with the phenomenological HIPSE model at higher center of mass energies.

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Characterization of the scission point from fission-fragment velocities

The isotopic-yield distributions and kinematic properties of fragments produced in transfer-induced fission of 240Pu and fusion-induced fission of 250Cf, with 9 MeV and 45 MeV of excitation energy respectively, were measured in inverse kinematics with the spectrometer VAMOS. The kinematic properties of identified fission fragments allow to derive properties of the scission configuration such as the distance between fragments, the total kinetic energy, the neutron multiplicity, the total excitation energy, and, for the first time, the proton- and neutron-number sharing during the emergence of the fragments. These properties of the scission point are studied as functions of the fragment atomic number. The correlation between these observables, gathered in one single experiment and for two different fissioning systems at different excitation energies, give valuable information for the understanding and modeling of the fission process.

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Transfer reactions in inverse kinematics, an experimental approach for fission investigations

Inelastic and multi-nucleon transfer reactions between a $^{238}$U beam, accelerated at 6.14 MeV/u, and a $^{12}$C target were used for the production of neutron-rich, fissioning systems from U to Cm. A Si telescope, devoted to the detection of the target-like nuclei, provided a characterization of the fissioning systems in atomic and mass numbers, as well as in excitation energy. Cross-sections, angular and excitation-energy distributions were measured for the inelastic and transfer channels. Possible excitations of the target-like nuclei were experimentally investigated for the first time, by means of g -ray measurements. The decays from the first excited states of $^{12}$C, $^{11}$B and $^{10}$Be were observed with probabilities of 0.12 - 0.14, while no evidence for the population of higher-lying states was found. Moreover, the fission probabilities of $^{238}$U, $^{239}$Np and $^{240,241,242}$Pu and $^{244}$Cm were determined as a function of the excitation energy.

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