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Carlos Kozameh

Publications and source records attributed to Carlos Kozameh.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Quantum graviton scattering with definite helicities in the null surface formulation, Part II: Third-order scattering and the exchange channels \author{C.~N.~Kozameh \and G.~O.~Depaola}

We derive the graviton scattering map in the null-surface formulation (NSF) through third order in perturbations of Minkowski spacetime. The rational structure of the exact NSF equations allows a recursive perturbative construction of the cut function, conformal factor, and geometric sources. At third order, matching future and past null-surface reconstructions determines the cubic correction $δa^{\mathrm{out}}_{3,λ}$ to the outgoing graviton operators. We then study the connected one-loop contribution from $δa^{\mathrm{out}}_3 δa^{\mathrm{out}}_3$. Delta functions enforce total three-momentum conservation and reduce internal integrations to a single loop momentum. The ultraviolet scaling is controlled by the radiative mode weight $ν(ω)=8π^2\sqrt{4πG}\,ω^{-3/2}$. As a result, each normalized vertex scales as $\mathcal{O}(K^{-2})$, yielding a radially convergent UV tail bounded by $\int^\infty dK/K^4$. The plane-wave kernel is therefore radially UV finite, while smooth wave packets define the physical domain of the operator distributions. Finally, the corrections preserve Hermitian conjugation and are compatible order by order with a unitary Baker--Campbell--Hausdorff representation of the asymptotic scattering map.

hep-th

Quantum graviton scattering with definite helicities in the null surface formulation

We develop a helicity-resolved description of quantum graviton scattering in the Null Surface Formulation (NSF) of gravity. Dynamical data are Bondi shear modes at null infinity ($\mathscr{I}$), and the metric is reconstructed from the cut function. Matching between $\mathscr{I}^+$ and $\mathscr{I}^-$ yields $Z_{\text{total}} = Z_{\text{cut}} + Z_{\text{cone}}$, where $Z_{\text{cut}}$ contains free shear data and $Z_{\text{cone}}$ is the nonlinear cone source solution--analogous to the scalar retarded-advanced relation with on-shell free-data differences. Using second-order NSF equations for $Z_2$ and $Ω_2$, we derive the second-order Bondi shear and outgoing operators $δa_{2,\pm}^{\text{out}}$. Written via on-shell phase-space data at $\mathscr{I}$, their kernels contain spin-weighted angular Green functions and 3D momentum constraints, with energy fixed by positive frequency. The quadratic cone source decomposes into normal-ordered sectors, allowing matrix elements to select distinct operator components. We obtain the $(2 \to 1)$ tail amplitude and $(2 \to 2)$ four-graviton matrix elements. The tail amplitude is generated by the two-annihilation sector, selecting helicities via the NSF kernels' spin-weight structure. For four-point scattering, products of two outgoing operators reconstruct spatial momentum conservation; 4D conservation is recovered by imposing the positive-energy on-shell Poincaré sector. This reproduces standard tree-level amplitudes, with Mandelstam poles arising from angular Green functions and helicity projections. This yields an intrinsically on-shell formulation of graviton scattering without off-shell bulk propagators, with celestial sphere spectral-angular distributions as natural observables.

hep-th

Spherically symmetric black holes and affine-null metric formulation of Einstein's equations

The definition of well-behaved coordinate charts for black hole spacetimes can be tricky, as they can lead for example to either unphysical coordinate singularities in the metric (e.g. $r=2M$ in the Schwarzschild black hole) or to an implicit dependence of the chosen coordinate to physical relevant coordinates (e.g. the dependence of the null coordinates in the Kruskal metric). Here we discuss two approaches for coordinate choices in spherical symmetry allowing us to discuss explicitly "solitary" and spherically symmetric black holes from a regular horizon to null infinity. The first approach relies on a construction of a regular null coordinate (where regular is meant as being defined from the horizon to null infinity) given an explicit solution of the Einstein-matter equations. The second approach is based on an affine-null formulation of the Einstein equations and the respective characteristic initial value problem. In particular, we present a derivation of the Reissner-Nordström black holes expressed in terms of these regular coordinates.

gr-qc

Regular isolated black holes

We define a family of spacetimes representing isolated black holes exhibiting remarkable universal properties which are natural generalizations from stationary spacetimes. They admit a well defined notion of surface gravity k_H. This generalized surface gravity mediates an exponential relation between a regular null coordinate w near the horizon and an asymptotic Bondi null coordinate u defined in the vicinity of future null infinity. Our construction provides a framework for the study of gravitational collapse of an isolated system in its late stage of evolution.

gr-qc

NSF 2.0: A spin weight zero formulation of General Relativity

We present a set of three PDEs for three real scalars that are equivalent to the full Einstein equations without any symmetry assumptions. The main variables in this formulation are null surfaces and a conformal factor. Furthermore, for asymptotically flat spacetimes the free data (representing gravitational radiation) enters as the source term in the resulting equations. This could be important for an asymptotic quantization procedure.

gr-qc

Electrodynamic Radiation Reaction and General Relativity

We argue that the well-known problem of the instabilities associated with the self-forces (radiation reaction forces) in classical electrodynamics are possibly stabilized by the introduction of gravitational forces via general relativity.

gr-qc

On the well posedness of Robinson Trautman Maxwell solutions

We show that the so called Robinson-Trautman-Maxwell equations do not constitute a well posed initial value problem. That is, the dependence of the solution on the initial data is not continuous in any norm built out from the initial data and a finite number of its derivatives. Thus, they can not be used to solve for solutions outside the analytic domain.

gr-qc

The Geometry of Regular Shear-Free Null Geodesic Congruences, CR functions and their Application to the Flat-Space Maxwell Equations

We describe here what appears to be a new structure that is hidden in all asymptotically vanishing Maxwell fields possessing a non-vanishing total charge. Though we are dealing with real Maxwell fields on real Minkowski space nevertheless, directly from the asymptotic field one can extract a complex analytic world-line defined in complex Minkowski space that gives a unified Lorentz invariant meaning to both the electric and magnetic dipole moments. In some sense the world-line defines a `complex center of charge' around which both electric and magnetic dipole moments vanish. The question of how and where does this complex world-line arise is one of the two main subjects of this work. The other subject concerns what is known in the mathematical literature as a CR structure. In GR, CR structures naturally appear in the physical context of shear-free (or asymptotically shear-free) null geodesic congruences in space-time. For us, the CR structure is associated with the embedding of Penrose's real three-dimensional null infinity, I^+, as a surface in a two complex dimensional space, C^2. It is this embedding, via a complex function, (a CR function), that is our other area of interest. Specifically we are interested in the `decomposition' of the CR function into its real and imaginary parts and the physical information contained in this decomposition.

gr-qc

Light Propagation on Quantum Curved Spacetime and Back reaction effects

We study the electromagnetic field equations on an arbitrary quantum curved background in the semiclassical approximation of Loop Quantum Gravity. The effective interaction hamiltonian for the Maxwell and gravitational fields is obtained and the corresponding field equations, which can be expressed as a modified wave equation for the Maxwell potential, are derived. We use these results to analyze electromagnetic wave propagation on a quantum Robertson-Walker space time and show that Lorentz Invariance is not preserved. The formalism developed can be applied to the case where back reaction effects on the metric due to the electromagnetic field are taken into account, leading to non covariant field equations.

gr-qc

Asymptotically Shear-free and Twist-free Null Geodesic Congruences

We show that, though they are rare, there are asymptotically flat space-times that possess null geodesic congruences that are both asymptotically shear- free and twist-free (surface forming). In particular, we display the class of space-times that possess this property and demonstrate how these congruences can be found. A special case within this class are the Robinson- Trautman space-times. In addition, we show that in each case the congruence is isolated in the sense that there are no other neighboring congruences with this dual property.

gr-qc

On the Physical Meaning of the Robinson-Trautman-Maxwell Fields

We study the Robinson-Trautman-Maxwell Fields in two closely related coordinate systems, the original Robinson-Trautman (RT) coordinates (in a more general context, often referred to as NU coordinates) and Bondi coordinates. In particular, we identify one of the RT variables as a velocity and then from the Bondi energy-momentum 4-vector, we find kinematic expressions for the mass and momentum in terms of this velocity. From these kinematic expressions and the energy-momentum loss equation we obtain surprising equations of motion for `the center of mass' of the source where the motion takes place in the four-dimensional Poincare translation sub-group of the BMS group.

gr-qc

Cartan's equivalence method and null coframes in General Relativity

Using Cartan's equivalence method for point transformations we obtain from first principles the conformal geometry associated with third order ODEs and a special class of PDEs in two dimensions. We explicitly construct the null tetrads of a family of Lorentzian metrics, the conformal group in three and four dimensions and the so called normal metric connection. A special feature of this connection is that the non vanishing components of its torsion depend on one relative invariant, the (generalized) Wünschmann Invariant. We show that the above mentioned construction naturally contains the Null Surface Formulation of General Relativity.

gr-qc

Cartan Normal Conformal Connections from Pairs of 2nd Order PDE's

We explore the different geometric structures that can be constructed from the class of pairs of 2nd order PDE's that satisfy the condition of a vanishing generalized Wünschmann invariant. This condition arises naturally from the requirement of a vanishing torsion tensor. In particular, we find that from this class of PDE's we can obtain all four-dimensional conformal Lorentzian metrics as well as all Cartan normal conformal O(4,2) connections. To conclude, we briefly discuss how the conformal Einstein equations can be imposed by further restricting our class of PDE's to those satisfying additional differential conditions.

gr-qc

Differential Geometry from Differential Equations

We first show how, from the general 3rd order ODE of the form z'''=F(z,z',z'',s), one can construct a natural Lorentzian conformal metric on the four-dimensional space (z,z',z'',s). When the function F(z,z',z'',s) satisfies a special differential condition of the form, U[F]=0, the conformal metric possesses a conformal Killing field, xi = partial with respect to s, which in turn, allows the conformal metric to be mapped into a three dimensional Lorentzian metric on the space (z,z',z'') or equivalently, on the space of solutions of the original differential equation. This construction is then generalized to the pair of differential equations, z_ss = S(z,z_s,z_t,z_st,s,t) and z_tt = T(z,z_s,z_t,z_st,s,t), with z_s and z_t, the derivatives of z with respect to s and t. In this case, from S and T, one can again, in a natural manner, construct a Lorentzian conformal metric on the six dimensional space (z,z_s,z_t,z_st,s,t). When the S and T satisfy equations analogous to U[F]=0, namely equations of the form M[S,T]=0, the 6-space then possesses a pair of conformal Killing fields, xi =partial with respect to s and eta =partial with respect to t which allows, via the mapping to the four-space of z, z_s, z_t, z_st and a choice of conformal factor, the construction of a four-dimensional Lorentzian metric. In fact all four-dimensional Lorentzian metrics can be constructed in this manner. This construction, with further conditions on S and T, thus includes all (local) solutions of the Einstein equations.

gr-qc

Null Surfaces and Legendre Submanifolds

It is shown that the main variable Z of the Null Surface Formulation of GR is the generating function of a constrained Lagrange submanifold that lives on the energy surface H=0 and that its level surfaces Z=const. are Legendre submanifolds on that energy surface. The behaviour of the variable Z at the caustic points is analysed and a genralization of this variable is discussed.

gr-qc

Lorentzian Metrics from Characteristic Surfaces

The following issue is raised and discussed; when do families of foliations by hypersurfaces on a given four dimensional manifold become the null surfaces of some unknown, but to be determined, metric $g_{ab}(x)$? It follows from these results that one can use these surfaces as fundamental variables for GR.

gr-qc