arXiv subjects

Carlos Pineda

Publications and source records attributed to Carlos Pineda.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2018

Quantum non-Markovianity and localization

We study the behavior of non-Markovianity with respect to the localization of the initial environmental state. The "amount" of non-Markovianity is measured using divisibility and distinguishability as indicators, employing several schemes to construct the measures. The system used is a qubit coupled to an environment modeled by an Ising spin chain kicked by ultra-short pulses of a magnetic field. In the integrable regime, non-Markovianity and localization do not have a simple relation, but as the chaotic regime is approached, simple relations emerge, which we explore in detail. We also study the non-Markovianity measures in the space of the parameters of the spin coherent states and point out that the pattern that appears is robust under the choice of the interaction Hamiltonian but does not have a KAM-like phase-space structure.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2017

Trajectory stability in the traveling salesman problem

Two generalizations of the traveling salesman problem in which sites change their position in time are presented. The way the rank of different trajectory lengths changes in time is studied using the rank diversity. We analyze the statistical properties of rank distributions and rank dynamics and give evidence that the shortest and longest trajectories are more predictable and robust to change, that is, more stable.

nlin.AO↗

arXiv2017

Quantum estimation of unknown parameters

We discuss the problem of finding the best measurement strategy for estimating the value of a quantum system parameter. In general the optimum quantum measurement, in the sense that it maximizes the quantum Fisher information and hence allows one to minimize the estimation error, can only be determined if the value of the parameter is already known. A modification of the quantum Van Trees inequality, which gives a lower bound on the error in the estimation of a random parameter, is proposed. The suggested inequality allows us to assert if a particular quantum measurement, together with an appropriate estimator, is optimal. An adaptive strategy to estimate the value of a parameter, based on our modified inequality, is proposed.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2016

Universal temporal features of rankings in competitive sports and games

Many complex phenomena, from the selection of traits in biological systems to hierarchy formation in social and economic entities, show signs of competition and heterogeneous performance in the temporal evolution of their components, which may eventually lead to stratified structures such as the wealth distribution worldwide. However, it is still unclear whether the road to hierarchical complexity is determined by the particularities of each phenomena, or if there are universal mechanisms of stratification common to many systems. Human sports and games, with their (varied but simplified) rules of competition and measures of performance, serve as an ideal test bed to look for universal features of hierarchy formation. With this goal in mind, we analyse here the behaviour of players and team rankings over time for several sports and games. Even though, for a given time, the distribution of performance ranks varies across activities, we find statistical regularities in the dynamics of ranks. Specifically the rank diversity, a measure of the number of elements occupying a given rank over a length of time, has the same functional form in sports and games as in languages, another system where competition is determined by the use or disuse of grammatical structures. Our results support the notion that hierarchical phenomena may be driven by the same underlying mechanisms of rank formation, regardless of the nature of their components. Moreover, such regularities can in principle be used to predict lifetimes of rank occupancy, thus increasing our ability to forecast stratification in the presence of competition.

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2016

The transition from non-Markovian to Markovian dynamics for generic environments

Using random matrices, we study the reduced dynamics of a two level system interacting with a generic environment. In the weak coupling limit, the result can be obtained directly from known results for purity decay, and result in Markovian dynamics. We then focus on the case of strong coupling, when the dynamics is known to be non-Markovian. In this regime, the coupling dominates over the local parts of the Hamiltonian, and thus we treat the latter as a perturbation of the former. With the help of the linear response approximation, this allows us to obtain an analytical description of the reduced dynamics. Finally, we find a transition from non-Markovian to Markovian dynamics at a point where the coupling and the local Hamiltonian are comparable in size.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2015

Random density matrices versus random evolution of open systems

We present and compare two families of ensembles of random density matrices. The first, static ensemble, is obtained foliating an unbiased ensemble of density matrices. As criterion we use fixed purity as the simplest example of a useful convex function. The second, dynamic ensemble, is inspired in random matrix models for decoherence where one evolves a separable pure state with a random Hamiltonian until a given value of purity in the central system is achieved. Several families of Hamiltonians, adequate for different physical situations, are studied. We focus on a two qubit central system, and obtain exact expressions for the static case. The ensemble displays a peak around Werner-like states, modulated by nodes on the degeneracies of the density matrices. For moderate and strong interactions good agreement between the static and the dynamic ensembles is found. Even in a model where one qubit does not interact with the environment excellent agreement is found, but only if there is maximal entanglement with the interacting one. The discussion is started recalling similar considerations for scattering theory. At the end, we comment on the reach of the results for other convex functions of the density matrix, and exemplify the situation with the von Neumann entropy.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2015

Rank diversity of languages: Generic behavior in computational linguistics

Statistical studies of languages have focused on the rank-frequency distribution of words. Instead, we introduce here a measure of how word ranks change in time and call this distribution \emph{rank diversity}. We calculate this diversity for books published in six European languages since 1800, and find that it follows a universal lognormal distribution. Based on the mean and standard deviation associated with the lognormal distribution, we define three different word regimes of languages: "heads" consist of words which almost do not change their rank in time, "bodies" are words of general use, while "tails" are comprised by context-specific words and vary their rank considerably in time. The heads and bodies reflect the size of language cores identified by linguists for basic communication. We propose a Gaussian random walk model which reproduces the rank variation of words in time and thus the diversity. Rank diversity of words can be understood as the result of random variations in rank, where the size of the variation depends on the rank itself. We find that the core size is similar for all languages studied.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2015

Measuring and using non-markovianity

We construct measures for the non-Markovianity of quantum evolution with a physically meaningful interpretation. We first provide a general setting in the framework of channel capacities and propose two families of meaningful quantitative measures, based on the largest revival of a channel capacity, avoiding some drawbacks of other non-Markovianity measures. We relate the proposed measures to the task of information screening. This shows that the non-Markovianity of a quantum process may be used as a resource. Under these considerations, we analyze two paradigmatic examples, a qubit in a quantum environment with classically mixed dynamics and the Jaynes-Cummings model.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2014

Two dimensional kicked quantum Ising model: dynamical phase transitions

Using an efficient one and two qubit gate simulator, operating on graphical processing units, we investigate ergodic properties of a quantum Ising spin 1/2 model on a two dimensional lattice, which is periodically driven by a $δ$-pulsed transverse magnetic field. We consider three different dynamical properties: (i) level density and (ii) level spacing distribution of the Floquet quasienergy spectrum, as well as (iii) time-averaged autocorrelation function of components of the magnetization. Varying the parameters of the model, we found transitions between ordered (non ergodic) and quantum chaotic (ergodic) phases, but the transitions between flat and non-flat spectral density {\em do not} correspond to transitions between ergodic and non-ergodic local observables. Even more surprisingly, we found nice agreement of level spacing distribution with the Wigner surmise of random matrix theory for almost all values of parameters except where the model is essentially noninteracting, even in the regions where local observables are not ergodic or where spectral density is non-flat. These findings put in question the versatility of the interpretation of level spacing distribution in many-body systems and stress the importance of the concept of locality.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2014

Quantum non-Markovian behavior at the chaos border

In this work we study the non-Markovian behaviour of a qubit coupled to an environment in which the corresponding classical dynamics change from integrable to chaotic. We show that in the transition region, where the dynamics has both regular islands and chaotic areas, the average non-Markovian behaviour is enhanced to values even larger than in the regular regime. This effect can be related to the non-Markovian behaviour as a function of the the initial state of the environment, where maxima are attained at the regions dividing separate areas in classical phase space, particularly at the borders between chaotic and regular regions. Moreover, we show that the fluctuations of the fidelity of the environment -- which determine the non-Markovianity measure -- give a precise image of the classical phase portrait.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2011

Non-Markovian behavior of small and large complex quantum systems

The channel induced by a complex system interacting strongly with a qubit is calculated exactly under the assumption of randomness of its eigenvectors. The resulting channel is represented as an isotropic time dependent oscillation of the Bloch ball, leading to non-Markovian behavior, even in the limit of infinite environments. Two contributions are identified: one due to the density of states and the other due to correlations in the spectrum. Prototype examples, one for chaotic and the other for regular dynamics are explored.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2010

Contraction of fermionic operator circuits and the simulation of strongly correlated fermions

A fermionic operator circuit is a product of fermionic operators of usually different and partially overlapping support. Further elements of fermionic operator circuits (FOCs) are partial traces and partial projections. The presented framework allows for the introduction of fermionic versions of known qudit operator circuits (QUOC), important for the simulation of strongly correlated d-dimensional systems: The multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA), tree tensor networks (TTN), projected entangled pair states (PEPS), or their infinite-size versions (iPEPS etc.). After the definition of a FOC, we present a method to contract it with the same computation and memory requirements as a corresponding QUOC, for which all fermionic operators are replaced by qudit operators of identical dimension. A given scheme for contracting the QUOC relates to an analogous scheme for the corresponding fermionic circuit, where additional marginal computational costs arise only from reordering of modes for operators occurring in intermediate stages of the contraction. Our result hence generalizes efficient schemes for the simulation of d-dimensional spin systems, as MERA, TTN, or PEPS to the fermionic case.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2007

One, Two, and $n$ Qubit Decoherence

We study decoherence of one, two, and $n$ non-interacting qubits. Decoherence, measured in terms of purity, is calculated in linear response approximation, making use of the spectator configuration. The environment and its interaction with the qubits are modelled by random matrices. For two qubits, numerical studies reveal a simple one to one correspondence between its decoherence and its internal entanglement decay. Using this relation we are able to give a formula for concurrence decay. For large environments the evolution induces a unital channel in the two qubits, providing a partial explanation for the relation above. Using a kicked Ising spin network, we study the exact evolution of two non-interacting qubits in the presence of a spin bath. We find that the entanglement (as measured by concurrence) of the two qubits has a close relation to the purity of the pair, and closely follows an analytic relation derived for Werner states. As a collateral result we find that an integrable environment causes quadratic decay of concurrence as well as of purity, while a chaotic environment causes linear decay. Both quantities display recurrences in some integrable environments. Good agreement with the results found using random matrix theory is obtained. Finally, we analyze decoherence of a quantum register in the absence of non-local operations. The problem is solved in terms of a sum rule which implies linear scaling in the number of qubits. Each term involves a single qubit and its entanglement with the remaining ones. Two conditions are essential: decoherence must be small and the coupling of different qubits must be uncorrelated in the interaction picture. We apply the result to the random matrix model, and illustrate its reach considering a GHZ state coupled to a spin bath.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2007

Random matrix models for decoherence and fidelity decay in quantum information systems

This course aims to introduce the student to random matrix models for decoherence and fidelity decay. They present a very powerful alternate approach, that emphasizes the disordered character of many environments and uncontrollable perturbations/couplings. The inherent integrability of such models makes analytic studies possible. We limit our considerations to linear response treatment, as high fidelity and small decoherence are the backbone of quantum information processes. For fidelity decay, where experimental results are available, a comparison with experiments shows excellent agreement with random matrix theory predictions.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2007

Decoherence of an $n$-qubit quantum memory

We analyze decoherence of a quantum register in the absence of non-local operations i.e. of $n$ non-interacting qubits coupled to an environment. The problem is solved in terms of a sum rule which implies linear scaling in the number of qubits. Each term involves a single qubit and its entanglement with the remaining ones. Two conditions are essential: first decoherence must be small and second the coupling of different qubits must be uncorrelated in the interaction picture. We apply the result to a random matrix model, and illustrate its reach considering a GHZ state coupled to a spin bath.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2007

Non-universal level statistics in a chaotic quantum spin chain

We study the level statistics of an interacting multi-qubit system, namely the kicked Ising spin chain, in the regime of quantum chaos. Long range quasi-energy level statistics show effects analogous to the ones observed in semi-classical systems due to the presence of classical periodic orbits, while short range level statistics display perfect statistical agreement with random matrix theory. Even though our system possesses no classical limit, our result suggest existence of an important non-universal system specific behavior at short time scale, which clearly goes beyond finite size effects in random matrix theory.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2006

A Bell pair in a generic random matrix environment

Two non-interacting qubits are coupled to an environment. Both coupling and environment are represented by random matrix ensembles. The initial state of the pair is a Bell state, though we also consider arbitrary pure states. Decoherence of the pair is evaluated analytically in terms of purity; Monte Carlo calculations confirm these results and also yield the concurrence of the pair. Entanglement within the pair accelerates decoherence. Numerics display the relation between concurrence and purity known for Werner states, allowing us to give a formula for concurrence decay.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2006

First verification of generic fidelity recovery in a dynamical system

We study the time evolution of fidelity in a dynamical many body system, namely a kicked Ising model, modified to allow for a time reversal invariance breaking. We find good agreement with the random matrix predictions in the realm of strong perturbations. In particular for the time-reversal symmetry breaking case the predicted revival at Heisenberg time is clearly seen.

quant-ph↗