arXiv subjects

Carmine Montella

Publications and source records attributed to Carmine Montella.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Optimal paths across potentials on scalar field space

Motivated by the Swampland Distance Conjecture, we study distances in field space using the framework of Optimal Transport. The associated optimisation problem naturally leads to a notion of distance in terms of a (generalised) Wasserstein distance between probability distributions over field space. In the absence of dynamical gravity, we relate the transport problem to Hamilton-Jacobi and continuity equations arising from a WKB expansion of a Schrödinger equation associated with the physical configuration. We then formulate an extension in the presence of dynamical gravity. Using the ADM formalism, we establish the corresponding transport problem through the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, giving rise to different possible choices of cost functions. The resulting notions of distances are naturally defined on the full configuration space, while an interpretation in terms of a genuine scalar field distance requires additional modifications. We further discuss several applications and examples, and indicate possible implications for different themes within the Swampland program.

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arXiv2026

Quantum Calabi-Yau Black Holes and Non-Perturbative D0-brane Effects

We compute the supersymmetric entropy of the most general BPS black hole in 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ supergravity coupled to $n_V$ vector multiplets obtained from Type IIA string theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau threefold at large volume, including the all-genera leading-order $α'$-corrections. These can be equivalently seen as D0-brane quantum effects from a dual five-dimensional M-theory perspective. We find that these corrections generically lead to both perturbative and non-perturbative contributions to the black hole entropy. We argue that the exception occurs for certain specific configurations where the gauge background, seen through the lens of D0-brane probes, behaves as purely electric or purely magnetic, thereby accounting for the absence of such non-perturbative effects. To explore this further, we perform a semiclassical analysis of the (non-)BPS particle dynamics in the near-horizon geometry of the underlying black hole, which is described by a maximally supersymmetric AdS$_2\times \mathbf{S}^2$ solution. As a byproduct, this study provides additional insights into the (non-perturbative) stability of supersymmetric black hole solutions and suggests an interpretation in terms of complex saddles contributing to the worldline path integral.

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arXiv2026

On Supersymmetric D-brane probes in 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ $\text{AdS}_2\times\mathbf{S}^2$ Attractors

We extend the $κ$-symmetry analysis of supersymmetric D-brane probes in the $\mathrm{AdS}_2 \times \mathbf{S}^2$ attractor geometry, originally performed by Simons, Strominger, Thompson, and Yin, to also include stationary -- but non-static -- worldlines carrying angular momentum along the 2-sphere. We demonstrate that certain special trajectories, with fixed radius and orbital velocity, solve the equations of motion and moreover satisfy a supersymmetry preserving condition, thus defining new $\frac12$-BPS configurations. Furthermore, these classical paths are shown to saturate a lower bound for the Hamiltonian generating global time translations, with the corresponding minimal energy depending on a generalized angular momentum vector $\boldsymbol{J}$. The direction of the latter, in turn, determines exactly which supercharges remain unbroken. Our results reveal a richer spectrum of (multi-particle) supersymmetric states in $\mathrm{AdS}_2 \times \mathbf{S}^2$, which can be organized into distinct selection sectors labeled by the conserved $SU(2)$ charges. This construction has direct applications in black hole microstate counting, the analysis of probe dynamics and $\text{AdS}_2/\text{CFT}_1$ holography.

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arXiv2026

Exact Path Integral Methods in Supersymmetric $\text{AdS}_2\times \mathbf{S}^2$ Backgrounds

We determine the exact functional determinants of charged, massive spin-0 and spin-$\frac12$ particles in $\text{AdS}_2\times \mathbf{S}^2$ backgrounds threaded by constant electric and magnetic fields. This is achieved using Schwinger proper-time formalism, which allows us to derive the full non-perturbative effective action in the 1-loop and constant background field approximations. We then specialize the computation to supersymmetric settings and we obtain the effective action for a 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ BPS massive hypermultiplet in a supersymmetric $\text{AdS}_2\times \mathbf{S}^2$ spacetime. This setup can be seen to be equivalent to the near-horizon geometry of a BPS black hole which solves the attractor equations of 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ supergravity. Our results provide a necessary intermediate step for the evaluation of the quantum-corrected black hole partition function. We also comment on the relation with the celebrated Gopakumar-Vafa integral representation.

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arXiv2025

A short overview on the Black Hole-Tower Correspondence and Species Thermodynamics

The breakdown of gravitational effective field theories is intimately connected to the emergence of infinite towers of light states near infinite-distance limits in field space. In string theory, up to duality frame, such towers arise from Kaluza-Klein or weakly-coupled critical string oscillator modes. Motivated by the Black Hole-String Correspondence, we review a broader mechanism whereby black holes undergo a transition into a tower of light states, governed by the Quantum Gravity cutoff -- known as the Species Scale. Building on these developments, the Black Hole-Tower correspondence aims to provide a unified thermodynamic framework that describes black hole entropy in terms of the spectrum of the lightest degrees of freedom across various perturbative regimes of quantum gravity theories. In those regimes, thermodynamic consistency of such transition imposes stringent constraints on the spectrum, in agreement with string theory predictions. This defines the basis of the so-called Species Thermodynamics. In this review, we emphasize these recent advances and synthesize their implications, offering an overview of how the outlined correspondence, the species scale and related thermodynamic principles enhance our understanding of black hole entropy within the effective field theory framework.

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arXiv2025

Black Hole Transitions, AdS and the Distance Conjecture

In this work, we investigate the connection between black hole instabilities and Swampland constraints, presenting new insights into the AdS Distance Conjecture. By examining the scale at which horizon instabilities of Schwarzschild-AdS$_d$ black holes take place$-Λ_{\mathrm{BH}}-$we uncover a universal scaling relation, $Λ_{\mathrm{BH}}\sim |Λ_{\mathrm{AdS}}|^α$, with $\frac{1}{d}\leq α\leq \frac{1}{2}$, linking the emergence of towers of states directly to instability scales as $Λ_{\mathrm{AdS}}\to 0$. This approach circumvents the explicit dependence on field-space distances, offering a refined formulation of the AdS Distance Conjecture grounded in physical black hole scales. From a top-down perspective, we find that these instability scales correspond precisely to the Gregory-Laflamme and Horowitz-Polchinski transitions, as expected for the flat space limit, and consistently with our proposed bounds. Furthermore, revisiting explicit calculations in type IIB string theory on AdS$_5\times S^5$, we illustrate how higher-derivative corrections may alter these bounds, potentially extending their applicability towards the interior of moduli space. Using also general results about gravitational collapse in AdS, our analysis points towards a possible breakdown of the conjecture in $d>10$, suggesting an intriguing upper limit on the number of non-compact spacetime dimensions. Finally, we briefly discuss parallel considerations and implications for the dS case.

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arXiv2024

Shedding black hole light on the emergent string conjecture

Asymptotically massless towers of species are ubiquitous in the string landscape when infinite-distance limits are approached. Due to the remarkable properties of string dualities, they always comprise Kaluza-Klein states or higher-spin excitations of weakly coupled, asymptotically tensionless critical strings. The connection between towers of light species and small black holes warrants seeking a bottom-up rationale for this dichotomoy, dubbed emergent string conjecture. In this paper we move a first step in this direction, exploring bottom-up constraints on towers of light species motivated purely from the consistency of the corresponding thermodynamic picture for small black holes. These constraints shed light on the allowed towers in quantum gravity, and, upon combining them with unitarity and causality constraints from perturbative graviton scattering, they provide evidence for the emergent string scenario with no reference to a specific ultraviolet completion.

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arXiv2024

Minimal Black Holes and Species Thermodynamics

The species scale provides a lower bound on the shortest possible length that can be probed in gravitational effective theories. It may be defined by the size of the minimal black hole in the theory and, as such, it has recently been given an interpretation along the lines of the celebrated black hole thermodynamics. In this work, we extend this interpretation to the case of charged species. We provide working definitions of minimal black holes for the case of uncharged and charged species constituents. Then, examining the modifications in the thermodynamic properties of near-extremal charged species compared to the uncharged case, we uncover interesting implications for the cosmology of an expanding universe, particularly within the context of the Dark Dimensions Scenario. Finally, we explore possible microscopic constructions in non-supersymmetric string theories in which towers of charged near-extremal species may arise.

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arXiv2023

Species Entropy and Thermodynamics

We analyse particle species and the species scale in quantum gravity from a thermodynamic perspective. In close analogy to black hole thermodynamics, we propose that particle species own an entropy and a temperature, which is determined by the species scale. This is identical to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of a corresponding minimal black hole and agrees with the number of species in a given tower of states. Through the species entropy, we find that certain entropy bounds are connected to recent swampland constraints. Moreover, the concept of species entropy and temperature allow us to formulate the laws of species thermodynamics, which are argued to govern the variations of moduli in string theory. They can be viewed as general rules that imply certain swampland conjectures, and vice versa.

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arXiv2023

Domain walls and distances in discrete landscapes

We explore a notion of distance between vacua of a discrete landscape that takes into account scalar potentials and fluxes via transitions mediated by domain walls. Such settings commonly arise in supergravity and string compactifications with stabilized moduli. We derive general bounds and simple estimates in supergravity which constrain deviations from the ordinary swampland distance conjecture based on moduli space geodesics, and we connect this picture to renormalization group flows via holography.

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arXiv2023

Quantum gravity constraints on scale separation and de Sitter in five dimensions

We give evidence that supersymmetric anti-de Sitter vacua of five-dimensional supergravity cannot be scale separated as a consequence of quantum gravity constraints, such as the weak gravity conjecture or the species scale. We show this in a model-independent way for the minimal and the maximal theory and we believe that the argument can be extended to any amount of preserved supercharges in the between. If combined with previous works stating that non-supersymmetric anti-de Sitter vacua must be unstable, our results suggest that no genuinely five-dimensional effective theory in anti-de Sitter exists. At the cost of introducing an additional assumption on the gravitino mass, we can extend our analysis to de Sitter vacua as well. However, the few known stable de Sitter vacua of minimal five-dimensional supergravity do not satisfy such an assumption and thus evade our constraints. This suggest that they are on a somehow different footing than their four-dimensional counterparts and therefore deserve further investigation.

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