arXiv subjects

Caroline S. Wagner

Publications and source records attributed to Caroline S. Wagner.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2017

Generating Clustered Journal Maps: An Automated System for Hierarchical Classification

Journal maps and classifications for 11,359 journals listed in the combined Journal Citation Reports 2015 of the Science and Social Sciences Citation Indexes are provided at http://www.leydesdorff.net/jcr15. A routine using VOSviewer for integrating the journal mapping and their hierarchical clustering is also made available. In this short communication, we provide background on the journal mapping/clustering and an explanation and instructions about the routine. We compare 2015 journal maps with those for 2014 and show the delineations among fields and subfields to be sensitive to fluctuations. Labels for fields and sub-fields are not provided by the routine, but can be added by an analyst for pragmatic or intellectual reasons. The routine provides a means for testing one's assumptions against a baseline without claiming authority, clusters of related journals can be visualized to understand communities. The routine is generic and can be used for any 1-mode network.

cs.DL↗

arXiv2016

Growth of International Cooperation in Science: Revisiting Six Case Studies

International collaboration in science continues to grow at a remarkable rate, but little agreement exists about dynamics of growth and organization at the discipline level. Some suggest that disciplines differ in their collaborative tendencies, reflecting their epistemic culture. This study examines collaborative patterns in six previously studied specialties to add new data and conduct analyses over time. Our findings show that the global network of collaboration continues to add new nations and new participants; each specialty has added many new nations to its lists of collaborating partners since 1990. We also find that the scope of international collaboration is positively related to impact. Network characteristics for the six specialties are notable in that instead of reflecting underlying culture, they tend towards convergence. This observation suggests that the global level may represent next-order dynamics that feed back to the national and local levels (as subsystems) in a complex, networked hierarchy.

cs.DL↗

arXiv2015

Can Science and Technology Capacity be Measured?

The ability of a nation to participate in the global knowledge economy depends to some extent on its capacities in science and technology. In an effort to assess the capacity of different countries in science and technology, this article updates a classification scheme developed by RAND to measure science and technology capacity for 150 countries of the world.

stat.AP↗

arXiv2014

The European Union, China, and the United States in the Top-1% and Top-10% Layers of Most-Frequently-Cited Publications: Competition and Collaborations

The percentages of shares of world publications of the European Union and its member states, China, and the United States have been represented differently as a result of using different databases. An analytical variant of the Web-of-Science (of Thomson Reuters) enables us to study the dynamics in the world publication system in terms of the field-normalized top-1% and top-10% most-frequently-cited publications. Comparing the EU28, USA, and China at the global level shows a top-level dynamics that is different from the analysis in terms of shares of publications: the United States remains far more productive in the top-1% of all papers; China drops out of the competition for elite status; and the EU28 increased its share among the top-cited papers from 2000-2010. Some of the EU28 member states overtook the U.S. during this decade, but a clear divide remains between EU15 (Western Europe) and the Accession Countries. Network analysis shows that internationally co-authored top-1% publications perform far above expectation and also above top-10% ones. In 2005, China was embedded in this top-layer of internationally co-authored publications. These publications often involve more than a single European nation.

cs.DL↗

arXiv2012

An Integrated Impact Indicator (I3): A New Definition of "Impact" with Policy Relevance

Allocation of research funding, as well as promotion and tenure decisions, are increasingly made using indicators and impact factors drawn from citations to published work. A debate among scientometricians about proper normalization of citation counts has resolved with the creation of an Integrated Impact Indicator (I3) that solves a number of problems found among previously used indicators. The I3 applies non-parametric statistics using percentiles, allowing highly-cited papers to be weighted more than less-cited ones. It further allows unbundling of venues (i.e., journals or databases) at the article level. Measures at the article level can be re-aggregated in terms of units of evaluation. At the venue level, the I3 creates a properly weighted alternative to the journal impact factor. I3 has the added advantage of enabling and quantifying classifications such as the six percentile rank classes used by the National Science Board's Science & Engineering Indicators.

cs.DL↗

arXiv2009

A study of seismology as a dynamic, distributed area of scientific research

Seismology has several features that suggest it is a highly internationalized field: the subject matter is global, the tools used to analyse seismic waves are dependent upon information technologies, and governments are interested in funding cooperative research. We explore whether an emerging field like seismology has a more internationalised structure than the older, related field of geophysics. Using aggregated journal-journal citations, we first show that, within the citing environment, seismology emerged from within geophysics as its own field in the 1990s. The bibliographic analysis, however, does not show that seismology is more internationalised than geophysics: in 2000, seismology had a lower percentage of all articles co-authored on an international basis. Nevertheless, social network analysis shows that the core group of cooperating countries within seismology is proportionately larger and more distributed than that within geophysics. While the latter exhibits an established network with a hierarchy, the formation of a field in terms of new partnership relations is ongoing in seismology.

cs.DL↗

arXiv2009

Network Structure, Self-Organization and the Growth of International Collaboration in Science

Using data from co-authorships at the international level in all fields of science in 1990 and 2000, and within six case studies at the sub-field level in 2000, different explanations for the growth of international collaboration in science and technology are explored. We find that few of the explanations within the literature can be supported by a detailed review of the data. To enable further exploration of the role of recognition and rewards as ordering mechanisms within the system, we apply new tools emerging from network science. These enquiries shows that the growth of international co-authorships can be attributed to self-organizing phenomenon based on preferential attachment (searching for recognition and reward) within networks of co-authors. The co-authorship links can be considered as a complex network with sub-dynamics involving features of both competition and cooperation. The analysis suggests that the growth of international collaboration is more likely to emerge from dynamics at the sub-field level operating in all fields of science, albeit under institutional constraints. Implications for the management of global scientific collaborations are explored.

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2009

ERAnets Evaluation of Collaboration Among Participants of IST Research and their Evolution to Collaborations in the European Research Area (ERA)

This report presents the final results of a study, 'Evaluation of Networks of Collaboration in IST Research within the European Research Area' (ERAnets), conducted for the European Commission. The ERAnets project developed and applied tools and methods to evaluate the networks of collaboration in information society technologies (IST) within the European Research Area (ERA), focusing on calls 1 and 2 of the Sixth Framework Programme (FP6).

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2009

Measuring the Globalization of Knowledge Networks

This paper presents a method of understanding the growth of global science as resulting from a mechanism of preferential attachment within networks. The paper seeks to contribute to the development of indicators of knowledge creation and transfer by presenting a theory and case study of network structures in science. It is our view that indicator development has suffered from a lack of attention to the theoretical basis for understanding the dynamics of knowledge creation. This lack has been due, in part, to the difficulty of measuring dynamic systems within social organizations. This paper attempts to fill this gap by proposing theory-based indicators of knowledge creation using network theory and analysis. The paper presents a hypothesis about the knowledge system that is explored by analyzing the growth of international collaboration in science.

physics.soc-ph↗