arXiv subjects

Casey Tompkins

Publications and source records attributed to Casey Tompkins.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2020

Turán numbers of Berge trees

A classical conjecture of Erdős and Sós asks to determine the Turán number of a tree. We consider variants of this problem in the settings of hypergraphs and multi-hypergraphs. In particular, for all $k$ and $r$, with $r \ge k (k-2)$, we show that any $r$-uniform hypergraph $\mathcal{H}$ with more than $\frac{n(k-1)}{r+1}$ hyperedges contains a Berge copy of any tree with $k$ edges different from the $k$-edge star. This bound is sharp when $r+1$ divides $n$ and for such values of $n$ we determine the extremal hypergraphs.

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arXiv2020

Generalized Planar Turán Numbers

In a generalized Turán problem, we are given graphs $H$ and $F$ and seek to maximize the number of copies of $H$ in an $F$-free graph of order $n$. We consider generalized Turán problems where the host graph is planar. In particular we obtain the order of magnitude of the maximum number of copies of a fixed tree in a planar graph containing no even cycle of length at most $2\ell$, for all $\ell$, $\ell \geq 1$. We obtain the order of magnitude of the maximum number of cycles of a given length in a planar $C_4$-free graph. An exact result is given for the maximum number of $5$-cycles in a $C_4$-free planar graph. Multiple conjectures are also introduced.

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arXiv2019

Independent Chains in Acyclic Posets

We consider the problem of determining the maximum order of an induced vertex-disjoint union of cliques in a graph. More specifically, given some family of graphs $\mathcal{G}$ of equal order, we are interested in the parameter $a(\mathcal{G}) = \min_{G \in \mathcal{G}} \max \{ |U| : U \subseteq V, G[U] \text{ is a vertex-disjoint union of cliques} \}$. We determine the value of this parameter precisely when $\mathcal{G}$ is the family of comparability graphs of $n$-element posets with acyclic cover graph. In particular, we show that $a(\mathcal{G}) = (n+o(n))/\log_2 (n)$ in this class.

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arXiv2019

Ramsey numbers of Berge-hypergraphs and related structures

For a graph $G=(V,E)$, a hypergraph $\mathcal{H}$ is called a Berge-$G$, denoted by $BG$, if there exists a bijection $f: E(G) \to E(\mathcal{H})$ such that for every $e \in E(G)$, $e \subseteq f(e)$. Let the Ramsey number $R^r(BG,BG)$ be the smallest integer $n$ such that for any $2$-edge-coloring of a complete $r$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices, there is a monochromatic Berge-$G$ subhypergraph. In this paper, we show that the 2-color Ramsey number of Berge cliques is linear. In particular, we show that $R^3(BK_s, BK_t) = s+t-3$ for $s,t \geq 4$ and $\max(s,t) \geq 5$ where $BK_n$ is a Berge-$K_n$ hypergraph. For higher uniformity, we show that $R^4(BK_t, BK_t) = t+1$ for $t\geq 6$ and $R^k(BK_t, BK_t)=t$ for $k \geq 5$ and $t$ sufficiently large. We also investigate the Ramsey number of trace hypergraphs, suspension hypergraphs and expansion hypergraphs.

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arXiv2019

On forbidden poset problems in the linear lattice

In this note, we determine the maximum size of a $\{V_{k}, Λ_{l}\}$-free family in the lattice of vector subspaces of a finite vector space both in the non-induced case as well as the induced case, for a large range of parameters $k$ and $l$. These results generalize earlier work by Shahriari and Yu. We also prove a general LYM-type lemma for the linear lattice which resolves a conjecture of Shahriari and Yu.

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arXiv2019

The maximum number of $P_\ell$ copies in $P_k$-free graphs

Generalizing Turán's classical extremal problem, Alon and Shikhelman investigated the problem of maximizing the number of $T$ copies in an $H$-free graph, for a pair of graphs $T$ and $H$. Whereas Alon and Shikhelman were primarily interested in determining the order of magnitude for large classes of graphs $H$, we focus on the case when $T$ and $H$ are paths, where we find asymptotic and in some cases exact results. We also consider other structures like stars and the set of cycles of length at least $k$, where we derive asymptotically sharp estimates. Our results generalize well-known extremal theorems of Erdős and Gallai.

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arXiv2019

Large homogeneous subgraphs in bipartite graphs with forbidden induced subgraphs

For a bipartite graph G, let h(G) be the largest t such that either G or the bipartite complement of G contain K_{t,t}. For a class F of graphs, let h(F)= min {h(G): G\in F}. We say that a bipartite graph H is strongly acyclic if neither H nor its bipartite complement contain a cycle. By Forb(n, H) we denote a set of bipartite graphs with parts of sizes n each, that do not contain H as an induced bipartite subgraph respecting the sides. One can easily show that h(Forb(n,H))= O(n^{1-s}) for a positive s if H is not strongly acyclic. Here, we prove that h(Forb(n, H)) is linear in n for all strongly acyclic graphs except for four graphs.

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arXiv2018

Avoiding long Berge cycles, the missing cases $k=r+1$ and $k = r+2$

The maximum size of an $r$-uniform hypergraph without a Berge cycle of length at least $k$ has been determined for all $k \ge r+3$ by Füredi, Kostochka and Luo and for $k<r$ (and $k=r$, asymptotically) by Kostochka and Luo. In this paper, we settle the remaining cases: $k=r+1$ and $k=r+2$, proving a conjecture of Füredi, Kostochka and Luo.

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arXiv2018

On the Turán number of some ordered even cycles

A classical result of Bondy and Simonovits in extremal graph theory states that if a graph on $n$ vertices contains no cycle of length $2k$ then it has at most $O(n^{1+1/k})$ edges. However, matching lower bounds are only known for $k=2,3,5$. In this paper we study ordered variants of this problem and prove some tight estimates for a certain class of ordered cycles that we call bordered cycles. In particular, we show that the maximum number of edges in an ordered graph avoiding bordered cycles of length at most $2k$ is $Θ(n^{1+1/k})$. Strengthening the result of Bondy and Simonovits in the case of 6-cycles, we also show that it is enough to forbid these bordered orderings of the 6-cycle to guarantee an upper bound of $O(n^{4/3})$ on the number of edges.

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arXiv2018

Uniformity thresholds for the asymptotic size of extremal Berge-$F$-free hypergraphs

Let $F = (U,E)$ be a graph and $\mathcal{H} = (V,\mathcal{E})$ be a hypergraph. We say that $\mathcal{H}$ contains a Berge-$F$ if there exist injections $ψ:U\to V$ and $φ:E\to \mathcal{E}$ such that for every $e=\{u,v\}\in E$, $\{ψ(u),ψ(v)\}\subsetφ(e)$. Let $ex_r(n,F)$ denote the maximum number of hyperedges in an $r$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices which does not contain a Berge-$F$. For small enough $r$ and non-bipartite $F$, $ex_r(n,F)=Ω(n^2)$; we show that for sufficiently large $r$, $ex_r(n,F)=o(n^2)$. Let $thres(F) = \min\{r_0 :ex_r(n,F) = o(n^2) \text{ for all } r \ge r_0 \}$. We show lower and upper bounds for $thres(F)$, the uniformity threshold of $F$. In particular, we obtain that $thres(\triangle) = 5$, improving a result of Győri. We also study the analogous problem for linear hypergraphs. Let $ex^L_r(n,F)$ denote the maximum number of hyperedges in an $r$-uniform linear hypergraph on $n$ vertices which does not contain a Berge-$F$, and let the linear unformity threshold $thres^L(F) = \min\{r_0 :ex^L_r(n,F) = o(n^2) \text{ for all } r \ge r_0 \}$. We show that $thres^L(F)$ is equal to the chromatic number of $F$.

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arXiv2017

An Erdős-Gallai type theorem for vertex colored graphs

While investigating odd-cycle free hypergraphs, Győri and Lemons introduced a colored version of the classical theorem of Erdős and Gallai on $P_k$-free graphs. They proved that any graph $G$ with a proper vertex coloring and no path of length $2k+1$ with endpoints of different colors has at most $2kn$ edges. We show that Erdős and Gallai's original sharp upper bound of $kn$ holds for their problem as well. We also introduce a version of this problem for trees and present a generalization of the Erdős-Sós conjecture.

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arXiv2017

On Edge-Colored Saturation Problems

Let $\mathcal{C}$ be a family of edge-colored graphs. A $t$-edge colored graph $G$ is $(\mathcal{C}, t)$-saturated if $G$ does not contain any graph in $\mathcal{C}$ but the addition of any edge in any color in $[t]$ creates a copy of some graph in $\mathcal{C}$. Similarly to classical saturation functions, define $\mathrm{sat}_t(n, \mathcal{C})$ to be the minimum number of edges in a $(\mathcal{C},t)$ saturated graph. Let $\mathcal{C}_r(H)$ be the family consisting of every edge-colored copy of $H$ which uses exactly $r$ colors. In this paper we consider a variety of colored saturation problems. We determine the order of magnitude for $\mathrm{sat}_t(n, \mathcal{C}_r(K_k))$ for all $r$, showing a sharp change in behavior when $r\geq \binom{k-1}{2}+2$. A particular case of this theorem proves a conjecture of Barrus, Ferrara, Vandenbussche, and Wenger. We determine $\mathrm{sat}_t(n, \mathcal{C}_2(K_3))$ exactly and determine the extremal graphs. Additionally, we document some interesting irregularities in the colored saturation function.

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arXiv2017

An upper bound on the size of diamond-free families of sets

Let $La(n,P)$ be the maximum size of a family of subsets of $[n]=\{1,2,...,n\}$ not containing $P$ as a (weak) subposet. The diamond poset, denoted $B_{2}$, is defined on four elements $x,y,z,w$ with the relations $x<y,z$ and $y,z<w$. $La(n,P)$ has been studied for many posets; one of the major open problems is determining $La(n,B_{2})$. Studying the average number of sets from a family of subsets of $[n]$ on a maximal chain in the Boolean lattice $2^{[n]}$ has been a fruitful method. We use a partitioning of the maximal chains and introduce an induction method to show that $La(n,B_{2})\leq(2.20711+o(1))\binom{n}{\left\lfloor \frac{n}{2}\right\rfloor }$, improving on the earlier bound of $(2.25+o(1))\binom{n}{\left\lfloor \frac{n}{2}\right\rfloor }$ by Kramer, Martin and Young.

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arXiv2017

An Erdős-Gallai type theorem for uniform hypergraphs

A well-known theorem of Erdős and Gallai asserts that a graph with no path of length $k$ contains at most $\frac{1}{2}(k-1)n$ edges. Recently Győri, Katona and Lemons gave an extension of this result to hypergraphs by determining the maximum number of hyperedges in an $r$-uniform hypergraph containing no Berge path of length $k$ for all values of $r$ and $k$ except for $k=r+1$. We settle the remaining case by proving that an $r$-uniform hypergraph with more than $n$ hyperedges must contain a Berge path of length $r+1$.

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arXiv2017

Intersecting $P$-free families

We study the problem of determining the size of the largest intersecting $P$-free family for a given partially ordered set (poset) $P$. In particular, we find the exact size of the largest intersecting $B$-free family where $B$ is the butterfly poset and classify the cases of equality. The proof uses a new generalization of the partition method of Griggs, Li and Lu. We also prove generalizations of two well-known inequalities of Bollobás and Greene, Katona and Kleitman in this case. Furthermore, we obtain a general bound on the size of the largest intersecting $P$-free family, which is sharp for an infinite class of posets originally considered by Burcsi and Nagy, when $n$ is odd. Finally, we give a new proof of the bound on the maximum size of an intersecting $k$-Sperner family and determine the cases of equality.

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arXiv2017

On an extremal problem involving a pair of forbidden posets

Resolving a conjecture of Methuku and the first author we determine the size of the largest family of subsets of an $n$-element set avoiding both $Y_k$ and $Y_k'$ as induced subposets. The result follows as a consequence of the analogous result on a cyclical grid poset.

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arXiv2017

On the maximum size of connected hypergraphs without a path of given length

In this note we asymptotically determine the maximum number of hyperedges possible in an $r$-uniform, connected $n$-vertex hypergraph without a Berge path of length $k$, as $n$ and $k$ tend to infinity. We show that, unlike in the graph case, the multiplicative constant is smaller with the assumption of connectivity.

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arXiv2017

On subgraphs of $C_{2k}$-free graphs and a problem of Kühn and Osthus

Let $c$ denote the largest constant such that every $C_{6}$-free graph $G$ contains a bipartite and $C_4$-free subgraph having $c$ fraction of edges of $G$. Győri et al. showed that $\frac{3}{8} \le c \le \frac{2}{5}$. We prove that $c=\frac{3}{8}$. More generally, we show that for any $\varepsilon>0$, and any integer $k \ge 2$, there is a $C_{2k}$-free graph $G_1$ which does not contain a bipartite subgraph of girth greater than $2k$ with more than $\left(1-\frac{1}{2^{2k-2}}\right)\frac{2}{2k-1}(1+\varepsilon)$ fraction of the edges of $G_1$. There also exists a $C_{2k}$-free graph $G_2$ which does not contain a bipartite and $C_4$-free subgraph with more than $\left(1-\frac{1}{2^{k-1}}\right)\frac{1}{k-1}(1+\varepsilon)$ fraction of the edges of $G_2$. One of our proofs uses the following statement, which we prove using probabilistic ideas, generalizing a theorem of Erdős: For any $\varepsilon>0$, and any integers $a$, $b$, $k \ge 2$, there exists an $a$-uniform hypergraph $H$ of girth greater than $k$ which does not contain any $b$-colorable subhypergraph with more than $\left(1-\frac{1}{b^{a-1}}\right)\left(1+\varepsilon\right)$ fraction of the hyperedges of $H$. We also prove further generalizations of this theorem. In addition, we give a new and very short proof of a result of Kühn and Osthus, which states that every bipartite $C_{2k}$-free graph $G$ contains a $C_{4}$-free subgraph with at least $1/(k-1)$ fraction of the edges of $G$. We also answer a question of Kühn and Osthus about $C_{2k}$-free graphs obtained by pasting together $C_{2l}$'s (with $k>l\ge3$).

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