arXiv subjects

Cezary Adamczyk

Publications and source records attributed to Cezary Adamczyk.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

ACCoRD: Actor-Critic Conflict Resolution with Deep learning for O-RAN xApps

Conflict Mitigation (ConMit) is a crucial part of intelligent network control in Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN). In this paper, we propose a method named ACCoRD to resolve detected control conflicts in Near-Real Time RAN Intelligent Controller using a Conflict Resolution (CR) Agent with an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) trained with a reinforcement learning algorithm PPO-Clip. The implemented ANN analyzes data about the network and conflicting control decisions to infer optimal CR actions. The CR Agent gathers feedback from the network after each resolved conflict to assess its efficiency and adjust the ANN's weights during batch training. The evaluation of the proposed approach is based on simulation data. A new methodology for evaluating CR solutions is proposed. Results show that the proposed ANN-based method improves on the efficiency of rule-based approaches by significantly reducing negative network events caused by conflicting control decisions in medium and high traffic scenarios.

cs.MA↗

arXiv2025

Experimental evaluation of xApp Conflict Mitigation Framework in O-RAN: Insights from Testbed deployment in OTIC

Conflict Mitigation (CM) in Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is a topic that is gaining importance as commercial O-RAN deployments become more complex. Although research on CM is already covered in terms of simulated network scenarios, it lacks validation using real-world deployment and Over The Air (OTA) Radio Frequency (RF) transmission. Our objective is to conduct the first assessment of the Conflict Mitigation Framework (CMF) for O-RAN using a real-world testbed and OTA RF transmission. This paper presents results of an experiment using a dedicated testbed built in an O-RAN Open Test and Integration Center (OTIC) to confirm the validity of one of the Conflict Resolution (CR) schemes proposed by existing research. The results show that the implemented conflict detection and resolution mechanisms allow a significant improvement in network operation stability by reducing the variability of the measured Downlink (DL) throughput by 78%.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2023

Challenges for Conflict Mitigation in O-RAN's RAN Intelligent Controllers

The O-RAN architecture enables a more flexible and dynamic radio access network (RAN) control by separating hardware and software components. However, the distributed nature of the O-RAN architecture also presents several challenges for mitigating network control conflicts that can arise between different network elements. In this article, we identify key challenges for conflict mitigation in O-RAN networks, including reliable conflict detection, efficient maintenance of conflict mitigation configuration, optimal conflict resolution logic, testing and evaluation methodologies, and limited observability of O-RAN components. We propose solutions to these challenges, including pre-deployment conflict mitigation, conflict detection and resolution, and supervision and adaptation. The article concludes by highlighting the need for ongoing research to address these challenges and ensure effective conflict mitigation in O-RAN deployments.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2023

Open RAN xApps Design and Evaluation: Lessons Learnt and Identified Challenges

Open Radio Access Networks (RAN) offer diverse economic opportunities. A transition to a flexible, modular approach within the disaggregated RAN framework is crucial, involving careful planning of RAN architecture and the deployment of specialized software applications. Collaboration across sectors is essential for efficiency and reliability, with the open-source community driving innovation. This paper explores challenges for third-party application developers in Open RAN. It provides a comparative analysis of solutions, focusing on xApp development and implementation. Challenges arise in two areas: the complexities of xApp development, particularly for advanced use cases like beam management, and issues in low-level software implementation within open platforms. In conclusion, key challenges must promote academia-industry collaboration in Open RAN. This paper shares early lessons from xApp development, guiding the field's evolution.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2023

Detection and mitigation of indirect conflicts between xApps in Open Radio Access Networks

In Open Radio Access Networks, the Conflict Mitigation component, which is part of the Near-RT RIC, aims to detect and resolve any conflicts between xApp decisions. In this paper, we propose a universal method for detecting and resolving of indirect conflicts between xApps. Its efficiency is validated by extensive computer simulations. Our results demonstrate that, in the considered scenario, the mean bitrate satisfaction of users increases by 2%, while the number of radio link failures and ping-pong handovers in the network is significantly reduced.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2023

Conflict Mitigation Framework and Conflict Detection in O-RAN Near-RT RIC

The steady evolution of the Open RAN concept sheds light on xApps and their potential use cases in O-RANcompliant deployments. There are several areas where xApps can be used that are being widely investigated, but the issue of mitigating conflicts between xApp decisions requires further in-depth investigation. This article defines a conflict mitigation framework (CMF) built into the existing O-RAN architecture; it enables the Conflict Mitigation component in O-RAN's Near- Real-Time RAN Intelligent Controller (Near-RT RIC) to detect and resolve all conflict types defined in the O-RAN Alliance's technical specifications. Methods for detecting each type of conflict are defined, including message flows between Near-RT RIC components. The suitability of the proposed CMF is proven with a simulation of an O-RAN network. Results of the simulation show that enabling the CMF allows balancing the network control capabilities of conflicting xApps to significantly improve network performance, with a small negative impact on its reliability. It is concluded that defining a unified CMF in Near-RT RIC is the first step towards providing a standardized method of conflict detection and resolution in O-RAN environments.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2021

Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Traffic Steering in Heterogeneous Network

Heterogeneous radio access networks require efficient traffic steering methods to reach near-optimal results in order to maximize network capacity. This paper aims to propose a novel traffic steering algorithm for usage in HetNets, which utilizes a reinforcement learning algorithm in combination with an artificial neural network to maximize total user satisfaction in the simulated cellular network. The novel algorithm was compared with two reference algorithms using network simulation results. The results prove that the novel algorithm provides noticeably better efficiency in comparison with reference algorithms, especially in terms of the number of served users with limited frequency resources of the radio access network.

cs.LG↗