arXiv subjects

Chao-Jung Lee

Publications and source records attributed to Chao-Jung Lee.

11 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2023

Universal conductivity at a 2d superconductor-insulator transition: the effects of quenched disorder and Coulomb interaction

We calculate the zero-temperature universal electrical conductivity at a superconductor-insulator transition in two spatial dimensions. We focus on transitions in the universality class of the dirty 3d XY model. We use a dual model consisting of a single Dirac fermion at zero density coupled to a Chern-Simons gauge field in the presence of a quenched random mass, with or without an unscreened Coulomb interaction. Our calculation is performed in a $1/N_f$ expansion, where $N_f$ is the number of Dirac fermions. At zeroth order, the model exhibits particle-vortex self-dual electrical transport with $σ_{xx} \lesssim (2e)^2/h$ and small, but finite $σ_{xy}$. Corrections of $\mathcal{O}(1/N_f)$ due to fluctuations in the Chern-Simons gauge field and disorder produce violations of self-duality. We find these violations to be milder when the Coulomb interaction is present.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2022

Random Magnetic Field and the Dirac Fermi Surface

We study a single 2d Dirac fermion at finite density, subject to a quenched random magnetic field. At low energies and sufficiently weak disorder, the theory maps onto an infinite collection of 1d chiral fermions (associated to each point on the Fermi surface) coupled by a random vector potential. This low-energy theory exhibits an exactly solvable random fixed line, along which we directly compute various disorder-averaged observables without the need for the usual replica, supersymmetry, or Keldysh techniques. We find the longitudinal dc conductivity in the collisionless $\hbar ω/k_B T \rightarrow \infty$ limit to be nonuniversal and to vary continuously along the fixed line.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2022

Current Algebra Approach to 2d Chiral Metals

We reinterpret Balents and Fisher's free 2d chiral metal [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2782 (1996)] as a chiral $U(N)$ Wess-Zumino-Witten model at level $k = 1$. Here, the $U(N)$ symmetry relates the $N \rightarrow \infty$ low-energy excitations about the chiral Fermi surface. We obtain non-Fermi liquid generalizations of the free chiral metal that maintain the $U(N)$ symmetry of the $k=1$ theory by taking the level to be a positive integer $k>1$. We calculate two-point correlation functions of the $U(1)$ number density and current operators in these theories for general $k$. We find $k$ to provide an overall rescaling of the amplitude of these correlation functions. This construction illustrates the ersatz Fermi liquid proposal of Else, Thorgren, and Senthil [Phys. Rev. X 11, 021005 (2021)].

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2021

Composite Fermion Nonlinear Sigma Models

We study the integer quantum Hall plateau transition using composite fermion mean-field theory. We show that the topological $θ= π$ term in the associated nonlinear sigma model [P. Kumar et al., Phys. Rev. B 100, 235124 (2019)] is stable against a certain particle-hole symmetry violating perturbation, parameterized by the composite fermion effective mass. This result, which applies to both the Halperin, Lee, and Read and Dirac composite fermion theories, represents an emergent particle-hole symmetry. For a disorder ensemble without particle-hole symmetry, we find that $θ$ can vary continuously within the diffusive regime. Our results call for further study of the universality of the plateau transition.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2020

Scaling and Diffusion of Dirac Composite Fermions

We study the effects of quenched disorder and a dissipative Coulomb interaction on an anyon gas in a periodic potential undergoing a quantum phase transition. We use a $(2+1)$d low-energy effective description that involves $N_f = 1$ Dirac fermion coupled to a $U(1)$ Chern-Simons gauge field at level $(θ- 1/2)$. When $θ= 1/2$ the anyons are free Dirac fermions that exhibit an integer quantum Hall transition; when $θ= 1$ the anyons are bosons undergoing a superconductor-insulator transition in the universality class of the 3d XY model. Using the large $N_f$ approximation we perform a renormalization group analysis. The dissipative Coulomb interaction allows for two classes of IR stable fixed points: those with a finite, nonzero Coulomb coupling and dynamical critical exponent $z = 1$ and those with an effectively infinite Coulomb coupling and $1 < z < 2$. We find the Coulomb interaction to be an irrelevant perturbation of the clean fixed point for any $θ$. At $θ= 1/2$ the clean fixed point is stable to charge-conjugation preserving (random mass) disorder, while a line of diffusive fixed points obtains when the product of charge-conjugation and time-reversal symmetries is preserved. At $θ= 1$ we find a finite disorder fixed point with unbroken charge-conjugation symmetry whether or not the Coulomb interaction is present. Other cases result in runaway flows. We comment on the relation of our results to other theoretical studies and the relevancy to experiment.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2016

Exploring soft constraints on effective actions

We study effective actions for simultaneous breaking of space-time and internal symmetries. Novel features arise due to the mixing of Goldstone modes under the broken symmetries which, in contrast to the usual Adler's zero, leads to non-vanishing soft limits. Such scenarios are common for spontaneously broken SCFT's. We explicitly test these soft theorems for $\mathcal{N}=4$ sYM in the Coulomb branch both perturbatively and non-perturbatively. We explore the soft constraints systematically utilizing recursion relations. In the pure dilaton sector of a general CFT, we show that all amplitudes up to order $s^{n} \sim \partial^{2n}$ are completely determined in terms of the $k$-point amplitudes at order $s^k$ with $k \leq n$. Terms with at most one derivative acting on each dilaton insertion are completely fixed and coincide with those appearing in the conformal DBI, i.e. DBI in AdS. With maximal supersymmetry, the effective actions are further constrained, leading to new non-renormalization theorems. In particular, the effective action is fixed up to eight derivatives in terms of just one unknown four-point coefficient and one more coefficient for ten-derivative terms. Finally, we also study the interplay between scale and conformal invariance in this context.

hep-th↗

arXiv2015

Minimal Lepton Flavor Violation Implications of the $b\to s$ Anomalies

The latest measurements of rare $b\to s$ decays in the LHCb experiment have led to results in tension with the predictions of the standard model (SM), including a tentative indication of the violation of lepton flavor universality. Assuming that this situation will persist because of new physics, we explore some of the potential consequences in the context of the SM extended with the seesaw mechanism involving right-handed neutrinos plus effective dimension-six lepton-quark operators under the framework of minimal flavor violation. We focus on a couple of such operators which can accommodate the LHCb anomalies and conform to the minimal flavor violation hypothesis in both their lepton and quark parts. We examine specifically the lepton-flavor-violating decays $B\to K^{(*)}\ell\ell'$, $B_s\toϕ\ell\ell'$, $B\to(π,ρ)\ell\ell'$, and $B_{d,s}\to\ell\ell'$, as well as $K_L\to eμ$ and $K\toπeμ$, induced by such operators. The estimated branching fractions of some of these decay modes with $μτ$ in the final states are allowed by the pertinent experimental constraints to reach a few times $10^{-7}$ if other operators do not yield competitive effects. We also look at the implications for $B\to K^{(*)}νν$ and $K\toπνν$, finding that their rates can be a few times larger than their SM values. These results are testable in future experiments.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2015

Seesaw Models with Minimal Flavor Violation

We explore realizations of minimal flavor violation (MFV) for leptons in the simplest seesaw models where the neutrino mass generation mechanism is driven by new fermion singlets (type I) or triplets (type III) and by a scalar triplet (type II). We also discuss similarities and differences of the MFV implementation among the three scenarios. To study the phenomenological implications, we consider a number of effective dimension-six operators that are purely leptonic or couple leptons to the standard-model gauge and Higgs bosons and evaluate constraints on the scale of MFV associated with these operators from the latest experimental information. Specifically, we employ the most recent measurements of neutrino mixing parameters as well as the currently available data on flavor-violating radiative and three-body decays of charged leptons, mu -> e conversion in nuclei, the anomalous magnetic moments of charged leptons, and their electric dipole moments. The most stringent lower-limit on the MFV scale comes from the present experimental bound on mu -> e gamma and can reach 500 TeV or higher, depending on the details of the seesaw scheme. With our numerical results, we illustrate some important differences among the seesaw types. In particular, we show that in types I and III there are features which can bring about potentially remarkable effects which do not occur in type II. In addition, we comment on how one of the new effective operators can induce flavor-changing dilepton decays of the Higgs boson, which may be probed in upcoming searches at the LHC.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2015

Lepton-Flavored Scalar Dark Matter with Minimal Flavor Violation

We explore scalar dark matter that is part of a lepton flavor triplet satisfying symmetry requirements under the hypothesis of minimal flavor violation. Beyond the standard model, the theory contains in addition three right-handed neutrinos that participate in the seesaw mechanism for light neutrino mass generation. The dark-matter candidate couples to standard-model particles via Higgs-portal renormalizable interactions as well as to leptons through dimension-six operators, all of which have minimal flavor violation built-in. We consider restrictions on the new scalars from the Higgs boson measurements, observed relic density, dark-matter direct detection experiments, LEP II measurements on e+e- scattering into a photon plus missing energy, and searches for flavor-violating lepton decays. The viable parameter space can be tested further with future data. Also, we investigate the possibility of the new scalars' couplings accounting for the tentative hint of Higgs flavor-violating decay h -> mu tau recently detected in the CMS experiment. They are allowed by constraints from other Higgs data to produce a rate of this decay roughly compatible with the CMS finding.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2014

Fermion EDMs with Minimal Flavor Violation

We study the electric dipole moments (EDMs) of fermions in the standard model supplemented with right-handed neutrinos and its extension including neutrino seesaw mechanism under the framework of minimal flavor violation (MFV). In the quark sector, we find that the current experimental bound on the neutron EDM does not yield a significant restriction on the scale of MFV. In addition, we consider how MFV may affect the contribution of the strong theta-term to the neutron EDM. For the leptons, the existing EDM data also do not lead to strict limits if neutrinos are Dirac particles. On the other hand, if neutrinos are Majorana in nature, we find that the constraints become substantially stronger. Moreover, the results of the latest search for the electron EDM by the ACME Collaboration are sensitive to the MFV scale of order a few hundred GeV or higher. We also look at constraints from $CP$-violating electron-nucleon interactions that have been probed in atomic and molecular EDM searches.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2014

Large electron electric dipole moment in minimal flavor violation framework with Majorana neutrinos

The latest data from the ACME Collaboration have put a stringent constraint on the electric dipole moment d_e of the electron. Nevertheless, the standard model (SM) prediction for d_e is many orders of magnitude below the new result, making this observable a powerful probe for physics beyond the SM. We carry out a model-independent study of d_e in the SM with right handed neutrinos and its extension with the neutrino seesaw mechanism under the framework of minimal flavor violation. We find that d_e crucially depends on whether neutrinos are Dirac or Majorana particles. In the Majorana case, d_e can reach its experimental bound, and it constrains the scale of minimal flavor violation to be above a few hundred GeV or more. We also explore extra CP-violating sources in the Yukawa couplings of the right-handed neutrinos. Such new sources can have important effects on d_e.

hep-ph↗