arXiv subjects

Chaoxu Pang

Publications and source records attributed to Chaoxu Pang.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Data World: Scaling Data Environments from Scratch

Data agents use code to process heterogeneous files and derive analytical insights. Scaling their training faces costly environment curation, privacy and intellectual-property restrictions, and difficulty verifying open-ended findings without known generative truth. Our core insight is to specify the world behind the files before generating the files themselves. We introduce Data World, a multi-agent engine that synthesizes environments, tasks, and rubrics from explicit mechanisms. Independent audits check target recoverability from observed files; rubrics support evaluation and RL rewards. Human preference-based curation for question realism selects 100 tasks across 50 held-out worlds and 16 domains for DataWorld-Bench. The engine also yields 2,135 training tasks from 1,037 disjoint worlds. Evaluation of ten frontier models shows that the benchmark remains challenging, particularly for insight discovery, with a consistent computation-insight gap. RL-zero training on the synthesized tasks produces DataWorld-35B-A3B from Qwen3.6-35B-A3B without trajectory distillation. Under matched evaluation, it improves over its base by 7.06 points on DataWorld-Bench, 14.28 on DAComp, 20.90 on DABstep-Hard, and 12.13 on JobBench, a broader occupational benchmark.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2026

DivOPD: Spread Wide, Look Close for Asynchronous On-Policy Distillation of Multi-turn Agents

On-policy distillation (OPD) trains student agents through teacher supervision on their own interactions with an environment. However, in asynchronous multi-turn training, arrival-order batching can allow a few early or long rollouts to dominate learner updates while other valid rollouts become stale before being used, wasting already-generated experience. To address this problem, we introduce DivOPD, a simple learner-side batch-selection method that spreads a fixed turn budget across more rollouts and, within each rollout, prioritizes turns with larger cumulative teacher-student disagreement. Turns without usable teacher feedback are excluded. The per-turn loss and optimizer remain fixed; selection only changes which student-visited turns receive training weight. For no-progress rollouts, an optional extension briefly hands control to the teacher before returning it to the student. Across six teacher-student settings on the simulated ALFWorld, ScienceWorld, and WebShop benchmarks, with 1.5B-7B students, DivOPD raises cross-setting mean peak success rate from 77.4 to 84.4 and mean success over the last five evaluations from 71.5 to 78.6. It reaches all reported setting-specific targets with geometric-mean speedups of 1.84x in training tokens and 1.87x in learner GPU time relative to vanilla OPD. Teacher intervention further raises this last-five mean to 82.4 while retaining about 1.7x learner-GPU speedup over vanilla OPD. Code will be released at https://github.com/HanyangWang0418-oss/DivOPD.

cs.LG↗

arXiv2026

LaDA-Band: Language Diffusion Models for Vocal-to-Accompaniment Generation

Vocal-to-accompaniment (V2A) generation, which aims to transform a raw vocal recording into a fully arranged accompaniment, inherently requires jointly addressing an accompaniment trilemma: preserving acoustic authenticity, maintaining global coherence with the vocal track, and producing dynamic orchestration across a full song. Existing open-source approaches typically make compromises among these goals. Continuous-latent generation models can capture long musical spans but often struggle to preserve fine-grained acoustic detail. In contrast, discrete autoregressive models retain local fidelity but suffer from unidirectional generation and error accumulation in extended contexts. We present LaDA-Band, an end-to-end framework that introduces Discrete Masked Diffusion to the V2A task. Our approach formulates V2A generation as Discrete Masked Diffusion, i.e., a global, non-autoregressive denoising formulation that combines the representational advantages of discrete audio codec tokens with full-sequence bidirectional context modeling. This design improves long-range structural consistency and temporal synchronization while preserving crisp acoustic details. Built on this formulation, LaDA-Band further introduces a dual-track prefix-conditioning architecture, an auxiliary replaced-token detection objective for weakly anchored accompaniment regions, and a two-stage progressive curriculum to scale Discrete Masked Diffusion to full-song vocal-to-accompaniment generation. Extensive experiments on both academic and real-world benchmarks show that LaDA-Band consistently improves acoustic authenticity, global coherence, and dynamic orchestration over existing baselines, while maintaining strong performance even without auxiliary reference audio. Codes and audio samples are available at https://github.com/Duoluoluos/TME-LaDA-Band .

cs.SD↗

arXiv2025

Reasoning Pattern Matters: Learning to Reason without Human Rationales

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities under the widely adopted SFT+RLVR paradigm, which first performs Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) on human-annotated reasoning trajectories (rationales) to establish initial reasoning behaviors, then applies Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) to optimize the model using verifiable signals without golden rationales. However, annotating high-quality rationales for the SFT stage remains prohibitively expensive. This paper investigates when and how rationale annotation costs can be substantially reduced without compromising reasoning performance. We identify a broad class of problems, termed patterned reasoning tasks, where reasoning follows a fixed, procedural strategy consistent across instances. Although instances vary in content such as domain knowledge, factual information, or numeric values, the solution derives from applying a shared reasoning pattern. We argue that the success of SFT+RLVR on such tasks primarily stems from its ability to enable models to internalize these reasoning patterns. Using numerical semantic matching as a representative task, we provide both causal and behavioral evidence showing that reasoning patterns rather than the quantity or quality of rationales are the key determinant of performance. Building on these insights, we propose Pattern-Aware LLMs as Rationale AnnOtators (PARO), a simple yet effective framework that enables LLMs to generate rationales aligned with task-specific reasoning patterns without requiring human rationale annotations. Experiments show that PARO-generated rationales achieve comparable SFT+RLVR performance to human rationales that are 10 times larger. These results suggest that large-scale human rationale annotations can be replaced with LLM-based automatic annotations requiring only limited human supervision over reasoning patterns.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2025

Document-Level Tabular Numerical Cross-Checking: A Coarse-to-Fine Approach

Numerical consistency across tables in disclosure documents is critical for ensuring accuracy, maintaining credibility, and avoiding reputational and economic risks. Automated tabular numerical cross-checking presents two significant challenges: (C1) managing the combinatorial explosion of candidate instances at the document level and (C2) comprehending multi-faceted numerical semantics. Previous research typically depends on heuristic-based filtering or simplified context extraction, often struggling to balance performance and efficiency. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable contextual understanding capabilities that helps address C2 at the instance level, yet they remain hampered by computational inefficiency (C1) and limited domain expertise. This paper introduces CoFiTCheck, a novel LLM-based coarse-to-fine framework that addresses these challenges through two sequential stages: embedding-based filtering and discriminative classification. The embedding-based filtering stage introduces an instructional parallel encoding method to efficiently represent all numerical mentions in a table with LLMs, as well as a decoupled InfoNCE objective to mitigate the isolated mention problem. The discriminative classification stage employs a specialized LLM for fine-grained analysis of the remaining candidate pairs. This stage is further enhanced by our crosstable numerical alignment pretraining paradigm, which leverages weak supervision from cross-table numerical equality relationships to enrich task-specific priors without requiring manual annotation. Comprehensive evaluation across three types of real-world disclosure documents demonstrates that CoFiTCheck significantly outperforms previous methods while maintaining practical efficiency.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2024

Uncovering Limitations of Large Language Models in Information Seeking from Tables

Tables are recognized for their high information density and widespread usage, serving as essential sources of information. Seeking information from tables (TIS) is a crucial capability for Large Language Models (LLMs), serving as the foundation of knowledge-based Q&A systems. However, this field presently suffers from an absence of thorough and reliable evaluation. This paper introduces a more reliable benchmark for Table Information Seeking (TabIS). To avoid the unreliable evaluation caused by text similarity-based metrics, TabIS adopts a single-choice question format (with two options per question) instead of a text generation format. We establish an effective pipeline for generating options, ensuring their difficulty and quality. Experiments conducted on 12 LLMs reveal that while the performance of GPT-4-turbo is marginally satisfactory, both other proprietary and open-source models perform inadequately. Further analysis shows that LLMs exhibit a poor understanding of table structures, and struggle to balance between TIS performance and robustness against pseudo-relevant tables (common in retrieval-augmented systems). These findings uncover the limitations and potential challenges of LLMs in seeking information from tables. We release our data and code to facilitate further research in this field.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2023

Guideline Learning for In-context Information Extraction

Large language models (LLMs) can perform a new task by merely conditioning on task instructions and a few input-output examples, without optimizing any parameters. This is called In-Context Learning (ICL). In-context Information Extraction (IE) has recently garnered attention in the research community. However, the performance of In-context IE generally lags behind the state-of-the-art supervised expert models. We highlight a key reason for this shortfall: underspecified task description. The limited-length context struggles to thoroughly express the intricate IE task instructions and various edge cases, leading to misalignment in task comprehension with humans. In this paper, we propose a Guideline Learning (GL) framework for In-context IE which reflectively learns and follows guidelines. During the learning phrase, GL automatically synthesizes a set of guidelines based on a few error cases, and during inference, GL retrieves helpful guidelines for better ICL. Moreover, we propose a self-consistency-based active learning method to enhance the efficiency of GL. Experiments on event extraction and relation extraction show that GL can significantly improve the performance of in-context IE.

cs.CL↗