Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

Charanjit S. Aulakh

Publications and source records attributed to Charanjit S. Aulakh.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Grand Pleromal Transmutation : condensates via Konsishi anomaly, dimensional transmutation and ultraminimal GUTs

Using consistency requirements relating chiral condensates imposed by the so called Generalized Konishi Anomaly, we show that dimensional transmutation via gaugino condensation {\emph{in the ultraviolet}} drives gauge symmetry breaking in a large class of {\emph{asymptotically strong}} Super Yang Mills Higgs theories. For Adjoint multiplet type chiral superfields $Φ$ (transforming as $r \times \bar r$ representations of a non Abelian gauge group G), solution of the Generalized Konishi Anomaly(GKA) equations allows calculation of quantum corrected VEVs in terms of the dimensional transmutation scale $Λ_{UV} \simeq M_X \, e^{\frac{8π^2}{ g^2(M_X) b_0}} $ which determines the gaugino condensate. Thus the gauge coupling at the perturbative unification scale $M_X$ generates GUT symmetry breaking VEVs by non-perturbative dimensional transmutation. This obviates the need for large(or any) input mass scales in the superpotential. Rank reduction can be achieved by including pairs of chiral superfields transforming as either $({\bf Q}(r),{ \bf\bar Q}(\bar r))$ or $ (\Sig((r\otimes r)_{symm})), \Sigb(({\bar r \otimes\bar r})_{symm})$, that form trilinear matrix gauge invariants $\bar Q\cdot Φ\cdot Q, \Sigb \cdot Φ\cdot \Sig $ with $Φ$. Novel, robust and {\emph{ultraminimal}} Grand unification algorithms emerge from the analysis. We sketch the structure of a realistic Spin(10) model, with the $16$-plet of Spin(10) as the base representation $r$, which mimics the realistic Minimal Supersymmetric GUT but contains even fewer free parameters. We argue that our results point to a large extension of the dominant and normative paradigms of Asymptotic Freedom$/$IR colour confinement and potential driven spontaneous symmetry breaking that have long ruled gauge theories.

hep-ph↗

NMSGUT emergence and Trans-Unification RG flows

Consistency of trans-unification RG evolution is used to discuss the domain of definition of the New Minimal Supersymmetric SO(10) GUT (NMSGUT). We compute the 1-loop RGE $β$ functions, simplifying generic formulae using constraints of gauge invariance and superpotential structure. We also calculate the 2 loop contributions to the gauge coupling and gaugino mass and indicate how to get full 2 loop results for all couplings. Our method overcomes combinatorial barriers that frustrate computer algebra based attempts to calculate SO(10) $β$ functions involving large irreps. Use of the RGEs identifies a perturbative domain $Q < M_E$, where $M_E <M_{Planck}$ is the \emph{scale of emergence} where the NMSGUT, with GUT compatible soft supersymmetry breaking terms emerges from the strong UV dynamics associated with the Landau poles in gauge and Yukawa couplings. Due to the strength of the RG flows the Landau poles for gauge and Yukawa couplings lie near a cutoff scale $Λ_E $ for the perturbative dynamics of the NMSGUT which just above $M_E$. SO(10) RG flows into the IR are shown to facilitate small gaugino masses and generation of negative Non Universal Higgs masses squared needed by realistic NMSGUT fits of low energy data. Running the simple canonical theory emergent at $M_E$ through $M_X$ down to the electroweak scale enables tests of candidate scenarios such as supergravity based NMSGUT with canonical kinetic terms and NMSGUT based dynamical Yukawa unification.

hep-ph↗

Effective Sextic Superpotential and $B-L$ violation in NMSGUT

We list operators of the superpotential of the effective MSSM that emerges from the NMSGUT up to sextic degree. We give illustrative expressions for the coefficients in terms of NMSGUT parameters. We also estimate the impact of GUT scale threshold corrections on these effective operators in view of the demonstration that $B$ violation via quartic superpotential terms can be suppressed to acceptable levels after including such corrections in the NMSGUT. We find a novel $B, B-L$ violating quintic operator that leads to the decay mode $n\to e^- K^+$. We also remark that the threshold corrections to the Type I seesaw mechanism make the deviation of right handed neutrino masses from the GUT scale more natural while Type II seesaw neutrino masses, which earlier tended to utterly negligible receive threshold enhancement. Our results are of relevance for analyzing $B-L$ violating operator based, sphaleron safe, Baryogenesis.

hep-ph↗

MSSM Higgs : Window into Susy GUTs

The Minimal Supersymmetric SO(10) GUT has developed into a fully realistic theory in which not only are the gauge couplings unified but the known fermion spectrum and mixing matrices could fit accurately using the latitude introduced by inclusion of quantum corrections to the GUT-effective MSSM-SM matching conditions. The fits yield predictions about the nature of the sparticle spectrum on the basis of the required threshold corrections. This indicated a necessarily large value for $A_0$ in 2008 : well before Higgs discovery at 126 GeV made it a commonplace assumption. GUT scale threshold corrections to the normalization of the emergent effective MSSM Higgs ameliorate the long standing Susy GUT puzzle of fast dimension five operator mediated proton decay. Numerical investigation indicates that B-violation rates below or near the current experimental upper limits are feasible in fully realistic models. Our results imply that UV completion models with large numbers of fields, like Kaluza-Klein models or String Theory, must be able to compute threshold corrections to be considered quantitative theories and not just fables. Required improvements in the fitting procedure are discussed. A generalization of the NMSGUT by gauging the flavour symmetry of the kinetic terms,while retaining renormalizability and the successful MSGUT symmetry breaking patterns, may allow dynamical generation of the observed Yukawa structure of the MSSM via the spontaneous breaking of the full gauge symmetry down to the MSSM at the unification scale. Focus on the emergence of the MSSM Higgs from the multiple Higgs doublets in the GUT thus provides a crucial window to view the energetically remote UV dynamics specified in fully calculable and realistic MSGUTs.

hep-ph↗

New Minimal SO(10) GUT : A Theory for All Epochs

The Supersymmetric SO(10) theory ("NMSO(10)GUT") based on the\hfil\break ${\bf{210+126 +\oot}}$ Higgs system proposed in 1982 has evolved into a realistic theory capable of fitting the known low energy Particle Physics data besides providing a Dark matter candidate and embedding Inflationary Cosmology. It dynamically resolves longstanding issues such as fast dimension five operator mediated proton decay in Susy GUTs by allowing explicit and complete calculation of crucial threshold effects at $M_{Susy}$ and $M_{GUT}$ in terms of fundamental parameters. This shows that SO(10) Yukawas responsible for observed fermion masses as well as operator dimension 5 mediated proton decay can be highly suppressed on a "Higgs dissolution edge" in the parameter space of GUTs with rich superheavy spectra. This novel and generically relevant result highlights the need for every realistic UV completion model with a large/infinite number of heavy fields coupled to the light Higgs doublets to explicitly account for the large wave function renormalization effects on emergent light Higgs fields in order to be considered a quantitatively well defined candidate UV completion. The NMSGUT predicts large soft Susy breaking trilinear couplings and distinctive sparticle spectra. Measurable or near measurable level of tensor perturbations- and thus large Inflaton mass scale- may be accommodated by Supersymetric Seesaw inflation within the NMSGUT based on an LHN flat direction Inflaton if the Higgs component contains contributions from heavy Higgs components. Successful NMSGUT fits suggest a \emph{renormalizable} Yukawon Ultra minimal gauged theory of flavor based upon the NMSGUT Higgs structure.

hep-ph↗

Bajc-Melfo Vacua enable YUMGUTs

Bajc-Melfo(\textbf{BM}) two field ($S,ϕ$) superpotentials define metastable F-term supersymmetry breaking vacua suitable as hidden sectors for calculable and realistic family and Grand Unification unification models. The undetermined vev $ $ of the Polonyi field that breaks Supersymmetry can be fixed either by coupling to N=1 Supergravity or by radiative corrections. \textbf{BM} hidden sectors extend to symmetric multiplets $(S,ϕ)_{ab}$ of a gauged $O(N_g)$ family symmetry, broken at the GUT scale, so that the $O(N_g)$ charged component vevs $<\hat S_{ab}>$ are also undetermined before accounting for the $O(N_g)$ D-terms: which fix them by cancellation against D-term contributions from the visible sector. This facilitates Yukawon Ultra Minimal GUTs(YUMGUTs) proposed in [C.S.Aulakh and C.K.Khosa, Phys.Rev.D 90,045008(2014)] by relieving the visible sector from the need to give null D-terms for the family symmetry $ O(N_g)$. We analyze symmetry breaking and and spectra of the hidden sector fields in the Supergravity resolved case when $N_g=1,2,3$. Besides the Polonyi field $S_s$, most of the superfields $\hat S_{ab}$ remain light, with fermions getting masses only from loop corrections. Such modes may yield novel dark matter lighter than 100 GeV. Possible Polonyi and moduli problems associated with the the fields $S_{ab}$ call for detailed investigation of loop effects due to the Yukawa and gauge interactions in the hidden sector and of post-inflationary field relaxation dynamics.

hep-ph↗

Grand Yukawonification : SO(10) grand unified theories with dynamical Yukawa couplings

Renormalizable SO(10) grand unified theories (GUTs), extended by $O(N_g)_F$ family gauge symmetry, generate minimal supersymmetric Standard Model flavour structure dynamically via vacuum expectation values of "Yukawon" Higgs multiplets. For concrete illustration and calculability, we work with the fully realistic minimal supersymmetric GUTs based on the $\bf{210 \oplus {\overline{126}}\oplus 126} $ GUT Higgs system - which were already parameter counting minimal relative to other realistic models. $SO(10)$ fermion Higgs channels $\bf{\overline{126},10}$($\mathbf{120}$) extend to symmetric(antisymmetric) representations of $O(N_g)_F$, while $\mathbf{210,126}$ are symmetric. $N_g=3$ dynamical Yukawa generation reduces the matter fermion Yukawas from 15 to 3 (21 to 5) without (with) the $\bf{120}$ Higgs. Yukawon GUTs are thus ultraminimal in parameter counting terms. Consistent symmetry breaking is ensured by a hidden sector Bajc-Melfo(BM) superpotential with a pair of symmetric $O(N_g)$ multiplets $ϕ,S $, of which the latter's singlet part $S_s$ breaks supersymmetry and the traceless part $\hat S $ furnishes flat directions to cancel the $O(N_g)$ D-term contributions of the visible sector. Novel dark matter candidates linked to flavour symmetry arise from both the BM sector and GUT sector minimal supersymmetric Standard Model singlet pseudo-Goldstones. These relics may be viable light($< 50 $ GeV) cold dark matter as reported by DAMA/LIBRA. In contrast to the new minimal supersymmetric SO(10) grand unified theory (NMSGUT) even sterile neutrinos can appear in certain branches of the flavour symmetry breaking without the tuning of couplings.

hep-ph↗

Baryon Stability on the Higgs Dissolution Edge : Threshold corrections and suppression of Baryon violation in the NMSGUT

Superheavy threshold corrections to the matching condition between matter Yukawa couplings of the effective Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and the New Minimal Supersymmetric (SO(10)) GUT(NMSGUT) provide a novel and generic mechanism for reducing the long standing and generically problematic operator dimension 5 Baryon decay rates. In suitable regions of the parameter space strong wave function renormalization of the effective MSSM Higgs doublets due to the large number of heavy fields can take the wave function renormalization of the MSSM Higgs field close to the dissolution value ($Z_{H,\overline{H}}=0$). Rescaling to canonical kinetic terms lowers the SO(10) Yukawas required to match the MSSM fermion data. Since the same Yukawas determine the dimension 5 B violation operator coefficients, the associated rates can be suppressed to levels compatible with current limits. Including these threshold effects also relaxes the constraint $ y_b-y_τ\simeq y_s-y_μ$ operative between $\textbf{10} -\textbf{120} $ plet generated tree level MSSM matter fermion Yukawas $y_f$. We exhibit accurate fits of the MSSM fermion mass-mixing data in terms of NMSGUT superpotential couplings and 5 independent soft Susy breaking parameters specified at $10^{16.25}\,$ GeV with the claimed suppression of Baryon decay rates. As before, our s-spectra are of the mini split supersymmetry type with large $|A_0|,μ,m_{H,\overline H} > 100\,\,$ TeV, light gauginos and normal s-hierarchy. Large $A_0,μ$ and soft masses allow significant deviation from the canonical GUT gaugino mass ratios and ensure vacuum safety. Even without optimization, prominent candidates for BSM discovery such as the muon magnetic anomaly, $b\rightarrow sγ$ and Lepto-genesis CP violation emerge in the preferred ball park.

hep-ph↗

NMSGUT-III: Grand Unification upended

We show that matter yukawa couplings of the New Minimal Supersymmetric (SO(10)) GUT(NMSGUT) are subject to very significant GUT scale threshold corrections. Including these threshold effects relaxes the constraint $ y_b-y_τ\simeq y_s-y_μ$ operative in $\textbf{10} -\textbf{120} $plet generated tree level MSSM matter fermion yukawas $y_f$. We find accurate fits of the MSSM fermion mass-mixing data in terms of NMSGUT superpotential couplings and 5 independent soft Susy breaking parameters $M_0, M_{1/2}, A_0, M^2_{H,\bar{H}}$ at $M_X$. The fits generally have elevated unification scale $M_X$ near $M_{Planck}$, viable values of $α_3(M_Z)$, and are consistent with current limits on B violation, $b\rightarrow sγ$, muon magnetic moment anomaly and Standard Model $ρ$ parameter. The associated novel and distinctive soft Susy spectra have light gauginos, a \emph{normal} s-hierarchy and Bino LSP. The Bino LSP is accompanied by second and first generation right chiral sfermions light enough to mediate a consistent WIMP dark matter co-annihilation cosmology and to be discoverable at LHC, while third generation sfermions are in the LHC undiscoverable range of 3-50 TeV. The fits found require $|μ|,|A_0|\sim 100$ TeV which imply both deep CCB/UFB minimae and stability of the MSSM standard vacuum on cosmological time scales. Our results indicate that a consistent realistic phenomenology may be specifiable in terms of SO(10) (NMS)GUT parameters at $M_X$ alone and that a new viable sector of the soft supersymmetry parameter space may exist if flavour violation constraints can be satisfied in the 43 dimensional parameter space.

hep-ph↗

Susy Seesaw Inflation and NMSO(10)GUT

We show that Supersymmetric models with Type I seesaw neutrino masses support slow roll inflection point inflation. The inflaton is the D-flat direction labelled by the chiral invariant HLN composed of the Higgs(H), slepton(L) and conjugate sneutrino(N) superfields. The scale of inflation and fine tuning is set by the conjugate neutrino Majorana mass $M_{ν^c} \sim 10^6-10^{12}$ GeV. The cubic term in the (quartic) inflaton potential is dominantly from superpotential (not soft Susy breaking) couplings. The tuning conditions are thus insensitive to soft supersymmetry breaking parameters and are generically much less stringent than for previous `A-term' inflation scenarios controlled by mass scales $\sim TeV$. WMAP limits on the ratio of tensor to scalar perturbations limit the scale $M$ controlling inflection point inflation: $M <7.9 \times 10^{13}$ GeV. `Instant preheating' is operative and dumps the inflaton energy into MSSM modes giving a high reheat temperature : $T_{rh} \approx M_{ν^c}^{3/4}\, 10^{6}$ GeV $\sim 10^{11}- 10^{15} $ GeV. A large gravitino mass $> 50 $ TeV is therefore required to avoid over closure by reheat produced gravitinos. `Instant preheating' and NLH inflaton facilitate production of right handed neutrinos during inflaton decay and thus non-thermal leptogenesis in addition to thermal leptogenesis. We show that the embedding in the fully realistic New Minimal Supersymmetric SO(10) GUT requires use of the heaviest righthanded neutrino mass as the controlling scale but the possibility of a measurable tensor scalar perturbation ratio seems marginal. We examine the parametric difficulties remaining.

hep-ph↗

Supersymmetric Seesaw Inflation

Supersymmetric Unified theories which incorporate a renormalizable Type I seesaw mechanism for small neutrino masses can also provide slow roll inflection point inflation along a flat direction associated with a gauge invariant combination of the Higgs, slepton and right handed sneutrino superfields. Inflationary parameters are related to the Majorana and Dirac couplings responsible for neutrino masses with the scale of inflation set by a right-handed neutrino mass $M_{ν^c} \sim 10^6-10^{12}$ GeV. Tuning of the neutrino Dirac and Majorana superpotential couplings and soft Susy breaking parameters is required to enforce flatness of the inflationary potential. In contrast to previous inflection point inflation models the cubic term is dominantly derived from superpotential couplings rather than soft A-terms. Thus since $M_{ν^c}>>M_{Susy}$ the tuning condition is almost independent of the soft supersymmetry breaking parameters and therefore more stable. The required fine tuning is also less stringent than for Minimal SUSY Standard Model (MSSM) inflation or Dirac neutrino 'A-term" inflation scenarios due to the much larger value of the inflaton mass. Reheating proceeds via `instant preheating' which rapidly dumps all the inflaton energy into a MSSM mode radiation bath giving a high reheat temperature $T_{rh} \approx M_{ν^c}^{3/4}\, 10^{6}$ GeV $\sim 10^{11}- 10^{15} $ GeV. Thus our scenario requires large gravitino mass $> 50 $ TeV to avoid a gravitino problem. The `instant preheating' and Higgs component of the inflaton also imply a `non-thermal' contribution to Leptogenesis due to facilitated production of right handed neutrinos during inflaton decay. We derive the tuning conditions for the scenario to work in the realistic New Minimal Supersymmetric SO(10) GUT and show that they can be satisfied by realistic fits.

hep-ph↗

The New Minimal Supersymmetric GUT : Spectra, RG analysis and Fermion Fits

The supersymmetric SO(10) GUT based on the ${\bf{210\oplus 10\oplus 120\oplus 126\oplus {\bar {126}}}}$ Higgs system provides a minimal framework for the emergence of the R-parity exact MSSM at low energies and a viable supersymmetric seesaw explanation for the observed neutrino masses and mixing angles. We present formulae for MSSM decomposition of the superpotential invariants, tree level light charged fermion effective Yukawa couplings, Weinberg neutrino mass generation operator, and the $d=5,ΔB=ΔL \neq 0$ effective superpotential in terms of GUT parameters. We use them to determine fits of the 18 available fermion mass-mixing data in terms of the superpotential parameters of the NMSGUT and SUGRY(NUHM) type soft supersymmetry breaking parameters ($\{m_{\tilde f},m_{1/2},A_0,M^2_{H,\bar H}\} $) specified at the MSSM one loop unification scale $M_X^0=10^{16.33} $ GeV. Our fits are compatible with electroweak symmetry breaking and Unification constraints and yield right-handed neutrino masses in the leptogenesis relevant range : $10^8-10^{13} $ GeV. Matching the SM data requires lowering the strange and down quark Yukawas in the MSSM via large $\tanβ$ driven threshold corrections and characteristic soft Susy breaking spectra. The Susy spectra have light pure Bino LSP, heavy exotic Higgs(inos) and large $ μ,A_0,M_{H,\bar{H}}$ parameters $\sim 100$ TeV. Typically third generation sfermions are much \emph{heavier} than the first two generations. The smuon is often the lightest charged sfermion thus offering a Bino-CDM co-annihilation channel. The parameter sets obtained are used to calculate B violation rates which are found to be generically much faster($\sim 10^{-28}\, yr^{-1}$) than the current experimental limits. Improvements which may allow acceptable B violation rates are identified.

hep-ph↗

The New Minimal Supersymmetric GUT : Spectra, RG analysis and fitting formulae

The Supersymmetric SO(10) GUT based on the ${\bf{210\oplus 10\oplus 120\oplus 126\oplus {\bar{126}}}}$ Higgs system has 40 real superpotential parameters of which 2 can be fixed by the Light Higgs doublet fine tuning and one by the determination of the unification scale by the RG flow. It provides a minimal framework for the emergence of R-parity exact Supersymmetric Standard Model at low energies and viable supersymmetric seesaw explanation for the observed neutrino masses and mixing angles. We present complete formulae for MSSM decomposition of the superpotential invariants, explicit GUT scale one step spontaneous symmetry breaking down to the MSSM, tree level light charged fermion effective yukawa couplings, Weinberg neutrino mass generation operator, and the complete set of effectve superpotential coefficients of LLLL and RRRR $d=5$ Baryon violating operators(which have contributions from novel \textbf{120}-plet Higgs channels) in terms of GUT superpotential parameters. We survey the gauge RG flow including threshold corrections due to the calculated super heavy particle spectra. The formulae given are used in following papers to determine complete realistic Susy SO(10) GUT fits of all MSSM data.

hep-ph↗

Babel on the Petaplex site: On Rival Calculational methods in SO(10) MSGUTs

We compare and contrast the computations that lead to the NMSGUT spectra and Yukawa couplings that appeared\cite{nmsgut} in 2006 and a recent recalculation of the same\cite{malinsky}. We argue that an explicit component based method of computation jeopardizes the power of SO(10) and its sub-groups to organize, in a unified and automatically phase correlated way, computations of dynamics beyond the basic mass matrix computation. The correct (one line) prescription for generating MSSM Yukawas from SO(10) ones was given in \cite{ag2} and requires no computation beyond the identification of null vectors of the Higgs doublet mass matrix and the Clebsches given in \cite{ag1,ag2}. It was already used to derive all fermion Yukawas and Majorana masses in \cite{ag2,nmsgut}. We thus urge the adoption of a uniform notation and methodology based on descent from SO(10) to the SM through the Pati-Salam maximal subgroup of SO(10) to avoid Babel in this rapidly developing and highly promising subject.

hep-ph↗

Pinning down the New Minimal Supersymmetric GUT

We show that generic $ {\bf{10\oplus 120\oplus {\bar {126}}}}$ fits of fermion masses and mixings, using real superpotential couplings but with complex `Higgs fractions' leading to complex yukawa couplings in the effective MSSM, \emph{overdetermine}(by one extra constraint) the superpotential parameters of the New Minimal Supersymmetric SO(10) GUT\cite{nmsgut}. Therefore fits should properly be done by generating the 24 generic fit parameters from the 23 parameters of the NMSGUT superpotential, given $\tanβ$ as input. Each numerical fit then \emph{fully specifies} the parameters of the NMSGUT. An analysis of all its implications, modulo only the residual uncertainty of supersymmetry breaking parameters, is now feasible. Thus the NMSGUT offers the possibility of a confrontation between the scale of gauge unification and the fit to fermion masses due to their extractable common dependence on the NMSGUT parameters. If and when `smoking gun' discoveries of Supersymmetry and Proton decay occur they will find the NMSGUT fully vulnerable to falsification.

hep-ph↗

Correcting α_3(M_Z) in the NMSGUT

We show that superheavy threshold corrections in the New Minimal Supersymmetric GUT based on the SO(10) Higgs system ${\bf{210\oplus 126\oplus {\bar {126}}\oplus 10 \oplus 120}} $ can comfortably correct the prediction for the value of $α_3(M_Z)$ from the relatively large value predicted by the two loop RG equations to the central value determined by the current world average. The unification scale is raised above the one loop value over almost all of the viable parameter space.

hep-ph↗

Emergence of the NMSGUT

We trace the emergence of the ``New Minimal'' supersymmetric SO(10) GUT (NMSGUT) out of the debris created by our demonstration that the MSGUT is falsified by the data. The NMSGUT is based on ${\bf{210\oplus 10\oplus 120\oplus 126\oplus {\bar {126}}}}$ Higgs system. It has only spontaneous CP violation and Type I seesaw. With only 24 real superpotential parameters it is the simplest model capable of accommodating the known 18 parameter fermion mass data set and yet has enough freedom to accommodate the still unknown Leptonic CP violation and neutrino mass scale parameters. Our focus is on the two most salient features uncovered by our analysis: the domination of the ${\bf{\bar{126}}}$ Yukawa couplings by those of the ${\bf{10,120}}$ (required for evasion of the no-go that trapped the MSGUT) and the inescapable raising of the Baryon violation scales(and thus suppression of proton decay) decreed by a proper inclusion of the threshold effects associated with the calculated superheavy spectra. These two structural features are shown to be complementary.

hep-ph↗

MSGUT : the next Avtar

We report the viability of the Type I seesaw mechanism in 3 generation renormalizable SO(10) GUTs based on the $\mathbf{210-10-\oot-126-120}$ Higgs system. The $\mathbf{120}$ -plet and $ \mathbf{10}$-plet Higgs fit charged fermion masses while small $\mathbf{\bar{126}} $-plet couplings enhance Type I seesaw neutrino masses to viable values and make the fit to light fermions accurate. For the 3 generation CP conserving case we display accurate charged fermion fits ($χ^2_{tot} < .2 $) which imply Type I neutrino masses $10^2- 10^3$ times larger than the $\mathbf{10-\bar{126}}$ scenario. The correct ratio of neutrino mass squared splitting, large($θ_{23}^{PMNS}$) and small($θ_{13}^{PMNS}$) mixing angle are achievable. $θ_{12}^{PMNS}$ is however small and indicates that -as in the Type I $\mathbf{10-\oot}$ case - a fully realistic fit to the lepton mixing data also \emph{requires} CP violation.

hep-ph↗