arXiv subjects

Chih-Hung Wang

Publications and source records attributed to Chih-Hung Wang.

16 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2023

Ideal gases and degenerate Fermi gases in external torsion fields

We investigate the effects of external torsion fields on ideal gases and Fermi gases, and derive a macroscopic quantity, which we call torsion susceptibility. We first consider the Dirac fermions in the Riemann-Cartan spacetime minimally coupled to the background torsion and electromagnetic fields. After applying the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation, Hamiltonian of a spin-1/2 particle in weak field limit is obtained. The coupling of spin and spatial components of axial torsion vector has a Zeeman-like effect, which removes the degeneracy of energy levels and splits the energy levels with respect to the spin. We calculate the macroscopic effects of the spin-torsion coupling on ideal gases, which satisfying the Boltzmann distribution, and Fermi gases, which satisfying the Fermi-Dirac distribution. The torsion susceptibility of ideal gases is inversely proportional to the temperature and is constant in Fermi gases.

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arXiv2013

How can one observe gravitational angular momentum radiation from a dynamical source near null infinity?

To answer a question of how can one observed angular momentum radiation near null infinity, one can first transform the dynamical twisting vacuum solution and make it satisfy Bondi coordinate conditions in the asymptotical region of the null infinity. We then obtain the Bondi-Sachs news function and also find the relationship of how does the angular momentum contribute to the news functions from the exact solution sense. By using the Komar's integral of angular momentum, the gravitational angular momentum flux of the dynamical twisting space-time can be obtained. All of our results can be compared with the Kerr solution, Robbinson-Trautmann or Schwarzschild solution. This study can provide a theoretical basis to understand the correlations of gravitational radiations near a rotating dynamical horizon and null infinity.

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arXiv2013

Gravitational radiation and angular momentum flux from a spinning dynamical black hole

A four-dimensional asymptotic expansion scheme is used to study the next order effects of the nonlinearity near a spinning dynamical black hole. The angular momentum flux and energy flux formula are then obtained by asymptotic expansion and the compatibility of the coupling Newman-Penrose equations. After constructing the reference frame in terms of the compatible constant spinors, the energy-momentum flux is derived and it is related to the black hole area growth. Directly from the flux formula of the spinning dynamical horizon, we find that the physically reasonable condition on the positivity of the gravitational energy flux yields that the shear will monotonically decrease with time.

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arXiv2012

Brans-Dicke theory of gravity with torsion: A possible solution of the $ω$-problem

We study the Brans-Dicke theory of gravity in Riemann-Cartan space-times, and obtain general torsion solutions, which are completely determined by Brans-Dicke scalar field $Φ$, in the false vacuum energy dominated epoch. The substitution of the torsion solutions back to our action gives the original Brans-Dicke action with $Φ$-dependent Brans-Dicke parameter $ω(Φ)$. The evolution of $ω(Φ)$ during the inflation is studied and it is found that $ω$ approaches to infinity at the end of inflation. This may solve the $ω$-problem in the extended inflation model.

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arXiv2012

Local and global structure of domain wall space-times

We present a general proof on the equivalence of the comoving-coordinate approach, where the wall is fixed at a constant coordinate variable, and moving-wall approach, where the wall is moving in a background static space-time, in the domain wall space-times without reflection symmetry. We further provide a general procedure to construct the comoving coordinates in the domain wall space-times, where the two regions separated by an infinite thin wall have different cosmological constant $Λ$ and Schwartzschild mass $M$. By solving Israel's junction conditions in the thin-wall limit, the gravitational fields of spherical, planar and hyperbolic domain wall space-times with M=0 in the two different comoving coordinate systems are obtained. We finally discuss the global structure of these domain wall space-times.

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arXiv2012

Quantum fluctuations in planar domain-wall space-times: A possible origin of primordial preferred direction

We study the gravitational effects of a planar domain wall on quantum fluctuations of a massless scalar field during inflation. By obtaining an exact solution of the scalar field equation in de Sitter space, we show that the gravitational effects of the domain wall break the rotational invariance of the primordial power spectrum without affecting the translational invariance. The strength of rotational violation is determined by one dimensionless parameter $β$, which is a function of two physical parameters, the domain wall surface tension $σ$ and cosmological constant $Λ$. In the limit of small $β$, the leading effect of rotational violation of the primordial power spectrum is scale-invariant.

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arXiv2011

Domain wall space-times with a cosmological constant

We solve vacuum Einstein's field equations with the cosmological constant in space-times admitting 3-parameter group of isometries with 2-dimensional space-like orbits. The general exact solutions, which are represented in the advanced and retarded null coordinates, have two arbitrary functions due to the freedom of choosing null coordinates. In the thin-wall approximation, the Israel's junction conditions yield one constraint equation on these two functions in spherical, planar, and hyperbolic domain wall space-times with reflection symmetry. The remain freedom of choosing coordinates are completely fixed by requiring that when surface energy density $σ_0$ of domain walls vanishes, the metric solutions will return to some well-known solutions. It leads us to find a planar domain wall solution, which is conformally flat, in the de Sitter universe.

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arXiv2010

Gravitational radiation and angular momentum flux from a slow rotating dynamical black hole

A four-dimensional asymptotic expansion scheme is used to study the next order effects of the nonlinearity near a spinning dynamical black hole. The angular momentum flux and energy flux formula are then obtained by constructing the reference frame in terms of the compatible constant spinors and the compatibility of the coupling leading order Newman-Penrose equations. By using the slow rotation and small-tide approximation for a spinning black hole, we chose the horizon cross-section is spherical symmetric. It turns out the flux formula is rather simple and can be compared with the known results. Directly from the energy flux formula of the slow rotating dynamical horizon, we find that the physically reasonable condition on the positivity of the gravitational energy flux yields that the shear will monotonically decrease with time. Thus a slow rotating dynamical horizon will asymptotically approaches an isolated horizon during late time.

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arXiv2010

A momentum-space representation of Feynman propagator in Riemann-Cartan spacetime

We first construct generalized Riemann-normal coordinates by using autoparallels, instead of geodesics, in an arbitrary Riemann-Cartan spacetime. With the aid of generalized Riemann-normal coordinates and their associated orthonormal frames, we obtain a momentum-space representation of the Feynman propagator for scalar fields, which is a direct generalization of Bunch and Parker's works to curved spacetime with torsion. We further derive the proper-time representation in $n$ dimensional Riemann-Cartan spacetime from the momentum-space representation. It leads us to obtain the renormalization of one-loop effective Lagrangians of free scalar fields by using dimensional regularization. When torsion tensor vanishes, our resulting momentum-space representation returns to the standard Riemannian results.

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arXiv2009

Cosmological dynamics with propagating Lorentz connection modes of spin zero

The Poincare gauge theory of gravity has a Lorentz connection with both torsion and curvature. For this theory two good propagating connection modes, carrying spin-$0^+$ and spin-$0^-$, have been found. The possible effects of the spin-$0^+$ mode in cosmology were investigated in a previous work by our group; there it was found that the $0^+$ mode could account for the presently accelerating universe. Here, we extend the analysis to also include the spin-$0^-$ mode. The resulting cosmological model has three degrees of freedom. We present both the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian form of the dynamic equations for this model, find the late-time normal modes, and present some numerical evolution cases. In the late time asymptotic regime the two dynamic modes decouple, and the acceleration of the Universe oscillates due to the spin-$0^+$ mode.

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arXiv2009

Gravitational radiations of generic isolated horizons and non-rotating dynamical horizons from asymptotic expansions

Instead of using a three dimensional analysis on quasi-local horizons, we adopt a four dimensional asymptotic expansion analysis to study the next order contributions from the nonlinearity of general relativity. From the similarity between null infinity and horizons, the proper reference frames are chosen from the compatible constant spinors for an observer to measure the energy-momentum and flux near quasi-local horizons. In particular, we focus on the similarity of Bondi-Sachs gravitational radiation for the quasi-local horizons and compare our results to Ashtekar-Kirshnan flux formular. The quasi-local energy momentum and flux of generic isolated horizons and non-rotating dynamical horizons are discussed in this paper.

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arXiv2009

Inflation in $R + R^2$ Gravity with Torsion

We examine an inflationary model in $R + R^2$ gravity with torsion, where $R^2$ denotes five independent quadratic curvature invariants; it turns out that only two free parameters remain in this model. We show that the behavior of the scale factor $a(t)$ is determined by two scalar fields, axial torsion $χ(t)$ and the totally anti-symmetric curvature $E(t)$, which satisfy two first-order differential equations. Considering $\dotχ\approx 0$ during inflation leads to a power-law inflation: $a \sim (t+ A)^p$ where $1< p \leq 2 $, and the constant $A$ is determined by the initial values of $E$, $χ$ and the two parameters. After the end of inflation, $χ$ and $E$ will enter into an oscillatory phase.

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arXiv2008

Gravitational radiation of generic isolated horizons

From the similarity between null infinity and horizons, we show how to set up proper frames near generic isolated horizons. The asymptotic expansion and reference spin frame are used to study gravitational radiation near generic isolated horizons and it turns out that the news function appears on non-expanding horizon. We also verify that the surface gravity is constant on (weakly) isolated horizon. The corresponding conserved quantities and relevant asymptotic symmetry groups which allow gravitational radiation of generic isolated horizons are obtained from asymptotic expansion.

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arXiv2008

Quasi-local mass in the covariant Newtonian space-time

In general relativity, quasi-local energy-momentum expressions have been constructed from various formulae. However, Newtonian theory of gravity gives a well known and an unique quasi-local mass expression (surface integration). Since geometrical formulation of Newtonian gravity has been established in the covariant Newtonian space-time, it provides a covariant approximation from relativistic to Newtonian theories. By using this approximation, we calculate Komar integral, Brown-York quasi-local energy and Dougan-Mason quasi-local mass in the covariant Newtonian space-time. It turns out that Komar integral naturally gives the Newtonian quasi-local mass expression, however, further conditions (spherical symmetry) need to be made for Brown-York and Dougan-Mason expressions.

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arXiv2007

Linearized Torsion Waves in a Tensor-Tensor Theory of Gravity

We investigate a linearized tensor-tensor theory of gravity with torsion and a perturbed torsion wave solution is discovered in background Minkowski spacetime with zero torsion. Furthermore, gauge transformations of any perturbed tensor field are derived in general background non-Riemannian geometries. By calculating autoparallel deviations, both longitudinal and transverse polarizations of the torsion wave are discovered.

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arXiv2007

Charged Fluid Dynamics in Scalar-Tensor Theories of Gravity with Torsion

n scalar-tensor theories of gravity with torsion, the gravitational field is described in terms of a symmetric metric tensor $g$, a metric-compatible connection $\nabla$ with torsion, and a scalar field $ϕ$. The main aim is to explore an interaction of a charged perfect fluid and a scalar field $ϕ$ in a background electromagnetic and gravitational field described by \{$g$, $\nabla$, $ϕ$\}. The interaction is based on an action functional $S_C$ of a charged perfect fluid that is invariant under global conformal rescalings. Using a variational principle, we obtain equations of motion for the charged perfect fluid. Moreover, we verify that these equations of motion are equivalent to the gauge identities obtained from the invariance of an action functional under spacetime dffeomorphisms and a local U(1) gauge group.

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