arXiv subjects

Chiko Otani

Publications and source records attributed to Chiko Otani.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2021

Intrinsic and extrinsic effects on intraband optical conductivity of hot carriers in photoexcited graphene

We present a numerical study on the intraband optical conductivity of hot carriers at quasi-equilibria in photoexcited graphene based on the semiclassical Boltzmann transport equations (BTE) with the aim of understanding the effects of intrinsic optical phonon and extrinsic coulomb scattering caused by charged impurities at the graphene--substrate interface. Instead of using full-BTE solutions, we employ iterative solutions of the BTE and the comprehensive model for the temporal evolutions of hot-carrier temperature and hot-optical-phonon occupations to reduce computational costs. Undoped graphene exhibits large positive photoconductivity owing to the increase in thermally excited carriers and the reduction in charged impurity scattering. The frequency dependencies of the photoconductivity in undoped graphene having high concentrations of charged impurities significantly deviate from those observed in the simple Drude model, which can be attributed to temporally varying charged impurity scattering during terahertz (THz) probing in the hot-carrier cooling process. Heavily doped graphene exhibits small negative photoconductivity similar to that of the Drude model. In this case, charged impurity scattering is substantially suppressed by the carrier-screening effect, and the temperature dependencies of the Drude weight and optical phonon scattering governs the negative photoconductivity. In lightly doped graphene, the appearance of negative and positive photoconductivity depends on the frequency and the crossover from negative photoconductivity to positive emerges from increasing the charged impurity concentration. This indicates the change of the dominant scattering mechanism from optical phonons to charged impurities. Our approach provides a quantitative understanding of non-Drude behaviors and the temporal evolution of photoconductivity in graphene.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2020

GroundBIRD : A CMB polarization experiment with MKID arrays

GroundBIRD is a ground-based experiment for the precise observation of the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). To achieve high sensitivity at large angular scale, we adopt three features in this experiment: fast rotation scanning, microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) and cold optics. The rotation scanning strategy has the advantage to suppress $1/f$ noise. It also provides a large sky coverage of 40\%, which corresponds to the large angular scales of $l \sim 6$. This allows us to constrain the tensor-to-scalar ratio by using low $l$ B-mode spectrum. The focal plane consists of 7 MKID arrays for two target frequencies, 145 GHz and 220 GHz band. There are 161 pixels in total, of which 138 are for 144 GHz and 23 are for 220 GHz. This array is currently under development and the prototype will soon be evaluated in telescope. The GroundBIRD telescope will observe the CMB at the Teide observatory. The telescope was moved from Japan to Tenerife and is now under test. We present the status and plan of the GroundBIRD experiment.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2020

A method to measure superconducting transition temperature of microwave kinetic inductance detector by changing power of readout microwaves

A microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) is a cutting-edge superconducting detector, and its principle is based on a superconducting resonator circuit. The superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of the MKID is an important parameter because various MKID characterization parameters depend on it. In this paper, we propose a method to measure the Tc of the MKID by changing the applied power of the readout microwaves. A small fraction of the readout power is deposited in the MKID, and the number of quasiparticles in the MKID increases with this power. Furthermore, the quasiparticle lifetime decreases with the number of quasiparticles. Therefore, we can measure the relation between the quasiparticle lifetime and the detector response by rapidly varying the readout power. From this relation, we estimate the intrinsic quasiparticle lifetime. This lifetime is theoretically modeled by Tc, the physical temperature of the MKID device, and other known parameters. We obtain Tc by comparing the measured lifetime with that acquired using the theoretical model. Using an MKID fabricated with aluminum, we demonstrate this method at a 0.3 K operation. The results are consistent with those obtained by Tc measured by monitoring the transmittance of the readout microwaves with the variation in the device temperature. The method proposed in this paper is applicable to other types, such as a hybrid-type MKID.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2019

A measurement method for responsivity of microwave kinetic inductance detector by changing power of readout microwaves

Superconducting detectors are a modern technology applied in various fields. The microwave kinetic inductance detector (MKID) is one of cutting-edge superconducting detector. It is based on the principle of a superconducting resonator circuit. A radiation entering the MKID breaks the Cooper pairs in the superconducting resonator, and the intensity of the radiation is detected as a variation of the resonant condition. Therefore, calibration of the detector responsivity, i.e., the variation of the resonant phase with respect to the number of Cooper-pair breaks (quasiparticles), is important. We propose a method for responsivity calibration. Microwaves used for the detector readout locally raise the temperature in each resonator, which increases the number of quasiparticles. Since the magnitude of the temperature rise depends on the power of readout microwaves, the number of quasiparticles also depends on the power of microwaves. By changing the power of the readout microwaves, we simultaneously measure the phase difference and lifetime of quasiparticles. We calculate the number of quasiparticles from the measured lifetime and by using a theoretical formula. This measurement yields a relation between the phase response as a function of the number of quasiparticles. We demonstrate this responsivity calibration using the MKID maintained at 285mK. We also confirm consistency between the results obtained using this method and conventional calibration methods in terms of the accuracy.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2017

Closed-form formulae of hyperbolic metamaterial made by stacked hole-array layers working at terahertz or microwave radiation

A metamaterial made by stacked hole-array layers known as a fishnet metamaterial behaves as a hyperbolic metamaterial at wavelength much longer than hole-array period. However, the analytical formulae of effective parameters of a fishnet metamaterial have not been reported hindering the design of deep-subwavelength imaging devices using this structure. We report the new closed-form formulae of effective parameters comprising anisotropic dispersion relation of a fishnet metamaterial working at terahertz or microwave frequency. These effective parameters of a fishnet metamaterial are consistent with those obtained by quasi-full solutions using known effective parameters of a hole-array layer working at frequency below its spoof plasma frequency with the superlattice period much smaller than the hole-array period. We also theoretically demonstrate the deep-subwavelength focusing at λ/83 using the composite structure of a slit-array layer and a fishnet metamaterial. It is found that the focused intensity inside a fishnet metamaterial is several times larger than that without the fishnet metamaterial, but the transmitted intensity is still restricted by large-wavevector difference in air and a fishnet metamaterial. Our effective parameters may aid the next-generation deep-subwavelength imaging devices working at terahertz or microwave radiation.

physics.optics↗

arXiv2016

Quasi-analytical solutions of hybrid platform and the optimization of highly sensitive thin-film sensors for terahertz radiation

We present quasi-analytical solutions (QANS) of hybrid platform (HP) comprising metallic grating (MG) and stacked-dielectric layers for terahertz (THz) radiation. The QANS are validated by finite difference time domain simulation. It is found that the Wood anomalies induce the high-order spoof surface plasmon resonances in the HP. The QANS are applied to optimize new perfect absorber for THz sensing of large-area thin film with ultrahigh figure of merit reaching fifth order of magnitude for the film thickness 0.0001p (p: MG period). The first-order Wood's anomaly of the insulator layer and the Fabry-Perot in the slit's cavity account for the resonance of the perfect absorber. The QANS and the new perfect absorber may lead to highly sensitive and practical nano-film refractive index sensor for THz radiation.

physics.optics↗

arXiv1996

Spectral Variability and iron line emission in the ASCA Observations of the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC4051

We present the results of an extensive analysis of the ``ASCA'' AO2 observation of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC4051. The target exhibits broadband [0.5--10 keV] variability by a factor $\sim 8$ on time scales $\sim 10^4 s$, with a typical doubling time $\sim 500 s$. The spectrum is characterized by a strong emission excess over the extrapolated power law at energies $E \le 1 keV$. Absorption edges due to ionized oxygen species OVII and OVIII are detected together with an emission-like feature at $E \sim 0.93 keV$. The OVII edge undergoes significant variability on a timescale as low as $\sim 10^4 s$, whilst no contemporary variability of the OVIII feature is detected. Typical variability time scales place constraints on the location and the density of the absorbing matter. In the self-consistent hypothesis of a high energy ($E \ge 2.3 keV$) power law reflected by an infinite plane-parallel cold slab, a photon index change ($ΔΓ= 0.4$) has also been observed; a natural explanation can be found in the framework of non-thermal Comptonization models. The iron line is redshifted (centroid energy $E \sim 6.1 keV$) and broad ($σ> 0.2 keV$); multicomponent structure is suggestive of emission from a relativistic accretion disk; however if the disk is not ionized a contribution by a molecular torus or an iron overabundance by a factor $\sim 1.5$ are required.

astro-ph↗