arXiv subjects

Chin-Lung Wang

Publications and source records attributed to Chin-Lung Wang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

A theory of generalized Lamé curves

We study the generalized Lam'e equation (GLE) on an elliptic curve $E$ with multiple regular singularities $\mathbf{p} = (p_i)_{i = 1}^r$ of weights $\mathbf{n} = (n_i)_{i = 1}^r$. By analyzing the locus admitting quasi-periodic solutions, we construct two fundamental algebraic curves: (i) The generalized Lam'e curve (GLC), $\mathcal{Y}_{\mathbf{n}, \mathbf{p}}$, which lies in an affine bundle over $\operatorname{Sym}^n E$ for total weight $n:=\sum n_i \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}$ and parametrizes generalized Hermite--Halphen ansatz solutions. (ii) The log-free curve, $V_{\mathbf{n}, \mathbf{p}}$, a non-complete intersection variety arising when all $n_i \in \frac{1}{2}\mathbb{N}$, which we prove is a reduced curve, confirming a conjecture of Wang. We analyze the GLC as an algebraic family over the pole configuration space. By studying the addition map$$σ\colon \operatorname{Sym}^n E \longrightarrow E,$$where we establish a generically finite, universal degree formula, we show that the geometry of boundary degenerations under pole collisions perfectly mirrors the tensor algebra of $\mathfrak{sl}_2(\mathbb{C})$-modules within the BGG category $\mathcal{O}$. This provides the local structural limits needed to establish the global flatness of the GLC. Furthermore, we develop a framework of twisted isomonodromic deformations and construct $(\mathbf{n}, \mathbf{p})$-deformed pre-modular forms parameterized by twisted monodromy data $(t,s)$. Their vanishing solves the underlying monodromy problem and factorizes along boundary strata, allowing an arbitrary configuration to be continuously deformed down to the classical Lam'e equation. Finally, using an asymptotic scaling technique, we completely solve the Treibich conjecture for $r=2$ symmetric pairs, extend it to $r \leq 4$, and propose a general formula enumerating symmetric finite-gap KdV potentials for all $r$.

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arXiv2026

Algebraic methods in periodic singular Liouville equations

We explain how algebraic geometry comes into play in the study of non-linear mean field (singular Liouville) equations $$ \triangle u + e^u = 4π\sum_{i = 1}^N \ell_i δ_{p_i} $$ on a flat torus $E = \Bbb C/Λ$, where $N, \ell_1, \ldots, \ell_N \in \Bbb N$, $p_i \in E$ are distinct points, and $δ_{p_i}$ is the Dirac measure at $p_i$. The case with one singular source ($N = 1$) had been studied extensively in recent years. We start with a survey of this case with emphasizes on the constructions of Lamé curves $\overline X_n$ and pre-modular forms $Z_n(σ, τ)$ which encodes the structure of solutions of the PDE. We then discuss extensions to the case of general $N$. The basic tool is the monodromy theory for generalized Lamé equations. Two aspects are discussed: (1) For $\ell := \sum_{i = 1}^N \ell_i$ being odd, an exact counting formula of \emph{algebraic degree} is proved. (2) For $\ell$ being even, the existence of generalized Lamé curves parametrizing logarithmic-free solutions is proposed.

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arXiv2025

Quantum Extremal Transitions and Special L-values

A threefold extremal transition $Y \searrow X$ consists of a crepant extremal contraction $ϕ\colon Y \to \bar Y$ with curve class $\ell \in \operatorname{NE}(Y)$, followed by a smoothing $\bar Y\rightsquigarrow X$. We consider the Type II case that $ϕ$ contracts a divisor $E$ to a point and prove that the quantum cohomology $QH(X)$ is obtained from $QH(Y)$ via analytic continuation, regularization, and specialization in $Q^\ell$. Besides roots of unity, special $\mathrm{L}$-values appear in $\lim Q^\ell$ whenever $\bar Y$ admits more than one smoothings. Further techniques are employed and explored beyond known tools in Gromov--Witten theory including (i) the canonical local B model attached to $Y \searrow X$, (ii) existence of semistable reduction of double point type for the smoothing, (iii) the modularity of the extremal function $\mathbb{E} := E^3/\langle E, E, E\rangle^Y$, and (iv) periods integrals of Eisenstein series. Our study provides a geometric framework linking classifications of del Pezzo surfaces, Ramanujan's theta functions, and Zagier's special ODE list via Type II transitions.

math.AG↗

arXiv2025

Remarks on GW/PT under del Pezzo transitions

A projective threefold transition $Y \xrightarrowϕ \bar{Y} \rightsquigarrow X$ is del Pezzo if $ϕ$ contracts a smooth del Pezzo surface to a point. We show that the GW/PT correspondence holds on $Y$ implies that it holds on $X$. In particular, a hypersurface of degree $6$ in $\mathbb{P} (3, 2, 1, 1, 1)$ gives a new example to the correspondence. The main tools are (i) the double point degeneration constructed in arXiv:2508.01374 and (ii) deformations of del Pezzo surfaces into toric surfaces (Proposition 3.12). Applications of the degeneration formulas in GW and PT then reduce the problem to known cases.

math.AG↗

arXiv2024

Characterization and enumeration on Lamé equations with finite monodromy

We give a complete characterization of the classical Lamé equations $y'' = (n(n + 1)\wp(z) + B)y$, $n \in \Bbb R$, $B \in \Bbb C$ on flat tori $E_τ= \Bbb C/(\Bbb Z + \Bbb Z\,τ)$ with finite monodromy groups $M$. Beuker--Waall had shown that such $n$ must lie in a finite number of arithmetic progressions $n_i + \Bbb N \subset \Bbb Q$ and they determined all corresponding $M$. By combining the theory of dessin d'enfants with the geometry of spherical tori, we prove the existence of $(B, τ)$ for each such $n$ and provide a description of all such $(n, B, τ, M)$. In particular, for a given $(n, M)$ with $n \not\in \tfrac{1}{2} + \Bbb Z$, we prove the finiteness of $(B, τ)$ and derive an explicit counting formula of them. (The case $n \in \tfrac{1}{2} + \Bbb Z$ is a classical result due to Brioschi--Halphen--Crawford.) The main ingredients in this work are (1) the definition and classification of basic spherical triangles with finite monodromy and (2) the process of attaching cells corresponding to $n \mapsto n + 1$ which reduces the problem to the basic case.

math.DG↗

arXiv2021

Quantum flips I: local model

We study analytic continuations of quantum cohomology under simple flips $f: X \dashrightarrow X'$ along the extremal ray quantum variable $q^\ell$. The inverse correspondence $Ψ= [Γ_f]^*$ by the graph closure gives an embedding of Chow motives $[\hat{X}'] \hookrightarrow [\hat{X}]$ which preserves the Poincaré pairing. We construct a deformation $\widehatΨ$ of $Ψ= [Γ_f]^*$ which induces a non-linear embedding $$QH(X') \hookrightarrow QH(X)$$ in the category of $F$-manifolds into the regular integrable loci of $QH(X)$ near $q^\ell = \infty$. This provides examples of functoriality of quantum cohomology beyond $K$-equivalent transformations. In this paper, we focus on the case when $X$ and $X'$ are (projective) local models.

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arXiv2017

Towards $A + B$ theory in conifold transitions for Calabi-Yau threefolds

For projective conifold transitions between Calabi-Yau threefolds $X$ and $Y$, with $X$ close to $Y$ in the moduli, we show that the combined information provided by the $A$ model (Gromov--Witten theory in all genera) and $B$ model (variation of Hodge structures) on $X$, linked along the vanishing cycles, determines the corresponding combined information on $Y$. Similar result holds in the reverse direction when linked with the exceptional curves.

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arXiv2017

Quantum Cohomology under Birational Maps and Transitions

This is an expanded version of the third author's lecture in String-Math 2015 at Sanya. It summarizes some of our works in quantum cohomology. After reviewing the quantum Lefschetz and quantum Leray--Hirsch, we discuss their applications to the functoriality properties under special smooth flops, flips and blow-ups. Finally, for conifold transitions of Calabi--Yau 3-folds, formulations for small resolutions (blow-ups along Weil divisors) are sketched.

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arXiv2016

Geometric quantities arising from bubbling analysis of mean field equations

Let $E = \Bbb C/Λ$ be a flat torus and $G$ be its Green function with singularity at $0$. Consider the multiple Green function $G_n$ on $E^n$: $$G_{n}(z_1,\cdots,z_n) := \sum_{i < j} G(z_{i} - z_{j}) - n \sum_{i = 1} ^{n} G(z_{i}).$$ A critical point $a = (a_1, \cdots, a_n)$ of $G_n$ is called trivial if $\{a_1, \cdots, a_n\} = \{-a_1, \cdots, -a_n\}$. For such a point $a$, two geometric quantities $D(a)$ and $H(a)$ arising from bubbling analysis of mean field equations are introduced. $D(a)$ is a global quantity measuring asymptotic expansion and $H(a)$ is the Hessian of $G_n$ at $a$. By way of geometry of Lamé curves developed in our previous paper (Cambridge J. Math 3, 2015), we derive precise formulas to relate these two quantities.

math.AP↗

arXiv2016

Mean field equations, hyperelliptic curves and modular forms: II

A pre-modular form $Z_n(σ; τ)$ of weight $\tfrac{1}{2} n(n + 1)$ is introduced for each $n \in \Bbb N$, where $(σ, τ) \in \Bbb C \times \Bbb H$, such that for $E_τ= \Bbb C/(\Bbb Z + \Bbb Z τ)$, every non-trivial zero of $Z_n(σ; τ)$, namely $σ\not\in E_τ[2]$, corresponds to a (scaling family of) solution to the mean field equation \begin{equation} \tag{MFE} \triangle u + e^u = ρ\, δ_0 \end{equation} on the flat torus $E_τ$ with singular strength $ρ= 8πn$. In Part I (Cambridge J. Math. 3, 2015), a hyperelliptic curve $\bar X_n(τ) \subset {\rm Sym}^n E_τ$, the Lamé curve, associated to the MFE was constructed. Our construction of $Z_n(σ; τ)$ relies on a detailed study on the correspondence $\Bbb P^1 \leftarrow \bar X_n(τ) \to E_τ$ induced from the hyperelliptic projection and the addition map. As an application of the explicit form of the weight 10 pre-modular form $Z_4(σ; τ)$, a counting formula for Lamé equations of degree $n = 4$ with finite monodromy is given in the appendix (by Y.-C. Chou).

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arXiv2016

Invariance of Quantum Rings under Ordinary Flops I: Quantum corrections and reduction to local models

This is the first of a sequence of papers proving the quantum invariance under ordinary flops over an arbitrary smooth base. In this first part, we determine the defect of the cup product under the canonical correspondence and show that it is corrected by the small quantum product attached to the extremal ray. We then perform various reductions to reduce the problem to the local models. In Part II, we develop a quantum Leray--Hirsch theorem and use it to show that the big quantum cohomology ring is invariant under analytic continuations in the Kähler moduli space for ordinary flops of splitting type. In Part III, together with F. Qu, we remove the splitting condition by developing a quantum splitting principle, and hence solve the problem completely.

math.AG↗

arXiv2016

Invariance of Quantum Rings under Ordinary Flops II: A quantum Leray--Hirsch theorem

This is the second of a sequence of papers proving the quantum invariance for ordinary flops over an arbitrary smooth base. In this paper, we complete the proof of the invariance of the big quantum rings under ordinary flops of splitting type. To achieve that, several new ingredients are introduced. One is a quantum Leray--Hirsch theorem for the local model (a certain toric bundle) which extends the quantum D module of Dubrovin connection on the base by a Picard--Fuchs system of the toric fibers. Nonsplit flops as well as further applications of the quantum Leray--Hirsch theorem will be discussed in subsequent papers. In particular, a quantum splitting principle is developed in Part III which reduces the general ordinary flops to the split case solved here.

math.AG↗

arXiv2015

Mean field equations, hyperelliptic curves and modular forms: I

We develop a theory connecting the following three areas: (a) the mean field equation (MFE) $\triangle u + e^u = ρ\, δ_0$, $ρ\in \mathbb R_{>0}$ on flat tori $E_τ= \mathbb C/(\mathbb Z + \mathbb Zτ)$, (b) the classical Lamé equations and (c) modular forms. A major theme in part I is a classification of developing maps $f$ attached to solutions $u$ of the mean field equation according to the type of transformation laws (or monodromy) with respect to $Λ$ satisfied by $f$. We are especially interested in the case when the parameter $ρ$ in the mean field equation is an integer multiple of $4π$. In the case when $ρ= 4π(2n + 1)$ for a non-negative integer $n$, we prove that the number of solutions is $n + 1$ except for a finite number of conformal isomorphism classes of flat tori, and we give a family of polynomials which characterizes the developing maps for solutions of mean field equations through the configuration of their zeros and poles. Modular forms appear naturally already in the simplest situation when $\,ρ=4π$. In the case when $ρ= 8πn$ for a positive integer $n$, the solvability of the MFE depends on the \emph{moduli} of the flat tori $E_τ$ and leads naturally to a hyperelliptic curve $\bar X_n=\bar X_{n}(τ)$ arising from the Hermite-Halphen ansatz solutions of Lamé's differential equation $\frac{d^2 w}{dz^2}-(n(n+1)\wp(z;Λ_τ) + B) w=0$. We analyse the curve $\bar X_n$ from both the analytic and the algebraic perspective, including its local coordinate near the point at infinity, which turns out to be a smooth point of $\bar{X}_n$. We also specify the role of the branch points of the hyperelliptic projection $\bar X_n \to \mathbb P^1$ when the parameter $ρ$ varies in a neighborhood of $ρ= 8πn$.

math.AP↗

arXiv2011

Extensions of multiply twisted pluri-canonical forms

Given a projective variety X, a smooth divisor D, and semipositive line bundles (L_1,h_1),,...,(L_m,h_m), we consider the "multiply twisted pluricanonical bundle" F:=m(K_X+D)+L_1+...+L_m on X and F_D:=mK_D+(L_1+...+L_m)|_D. Let I_j be the multiplier ideal sheaves associated to h_j, j=1,...,m. We show that, under a certain conditions on curvature, H^0(D,F_D\otimes I_1I_2...I_m) lies in the image of the restriction map H^0(X,F)->H^0(D,F_D). The format of our result is inspired both by Paun's simplification of Siu's proof of invariance of plurigenera and an earlier similar result due to Demailly. The main ingredient is a modification of Siu-Paun's induction construction and an extension theorem of Ohsawa-Takegoshi type (O-T). We also include a detail proof of O-T. The key feature is that the ideal sheaf we use is the product of the multiplier ideals associated to the singular metrics h_1,...,h_m, which contains the multiplier ideal sheaf of the product of the metrics h_1\otimes...\otimes h_m.

math.AG↗

arXiv2008

Elliptic functions, Green functions and the mean field equations on tori

We show that the Green functions on flat tori can have either 3 or 5 critical points only. There does not seemto be any directmethod to attack this problem. Instead, we have to employ sophisticated non-linear partial differential equations to study it. We also study the distribution of number of critical points over the moduli space of flat tori through deformations. The functional equations of special theta values provide important inequalities which lead to a solution for all rhombus tori.

math.AP↗

arXiv2008

Motivic and quantum invariance under stratified Mukai flops

For stratified Mukai flops of type $A_{n,k}, D_{2k+1}$ and $E_{6,I}$, it is shown the fiber product induces isomorphisms on Chow motives. In contrast to (standard) Mukai flops, the cup product is generally not preserved. For $A_{n, 2}$, $D_5$ and $E_{6, I}$ flops, quantum corrections are found through degeneration/deformation to ordinary flops.

math.AG↗

arXiv2007

Flops, motives and invariance of quantum rings

For ordinary flops, the correspondence defined by the graph closure is shown to give equivalence of Chow motives and to preserve the Poincaré pairing. In the case of simple ordinary flops, this correspondence preserves the big quantum cohomology ring after an analytic continuation over the extended Kähler moduli space. For Mukai flops, it is shown that the birational map for the local models is deformation equivalent to isomorphisms. This implies that the birational map induces isomorphisms on the full quantum rings and all the quantum corrections attached to the extremal ray vanish.

math.AG↗

arXiv2002

Quasi-Hodge Metrics and Canonical Singularities

We study one parameter degenerations of complex projective manifolds by introducing certain type of Hodge metrics coming from the pluricanonical forms. We show that degenerations with at most canonical singularities are all in the finite distance boundary of moduli spaces. We also propose the converse to be true in the sense that finite distance degenerations admit birational models which have at most canonical singularities in the degenerate fiber. We verify this for curves and show that the Calabi-Yau case follows from the minimal model conjecture.

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