arXiv subjects

Ching-Chuan Su

Publications and source records attributed to Ching-Chuan Su.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2006

A Proposed Mechanism for the Intrinsic Redshift and its Preferred Values Purportedly Found in Quasars Based on the Local-Ether Theory

Quasars of high redshift may be ejected from a nearby active galaxy of low redshift. This physical association then leads to the suggestion that the redshifts of quasars are not really an indication of their distances. In this investigation, it is argued that the high redshift can be due to the gravitational redshift as an intrinsic redshift. Based on the proposed local-ether theory, this intrinsic redshift is determined solely by the gravitational potential associated specifically with the celestial object in which the emitting sources are placed. During the process with which quasars evolve into ordinary galaxies, the fragmentation of quasars and the formation of stars occur and hence the masses of quasars decrease. Thus their gravitational potentials and hence redshifts become smaller and smaller. This is in accord with the aging of redshift during the evolution process. In some observations, the redshifts of quasars have been found to follow the Karlsson formula to exhibit a series of preferred peaks in their distributions. Based on the quasar fragmentation and the local-ether theory, a new formula is presented to interpret the preferred peaks quantitatively.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2006

A Wave Interpretation of the Compton Effect As a Further Demonstration of the Postulates of de Broglie

The Compton effect is commonly cited as a demonstration of the particle feature of light, while the wave nature of matter has been proposed by de Broglie and demonstrated by Davisson and Germer with the Bragg diffraction of electron beams. In this investigation, we present an entirely different interpretation of the Compton effect based on the postulates of de Broglie and on an interaction between electromagnetic and matter waves. The speeds of interacting electrons in the Compton scattering are quite fast and its mechanism relies heavily on the mass variation. Thus, based on this wave interpretation, the Compton effect can be viewed as a further demonstration of the postulates of de Broglie for high-speed particles. In addition to the scattered wave, a direct radiation depending on the mass variation is predicted, which provides a means to test the wave interpretation.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2005

Reexamination of Barnett's Experiment Based on the Modified Lorentz Force Law

Barnett's experiment demonstrates that the induction on a stationary cylindrical capacitor in the presence of a rotating magnet or solenoid is zero. In this investigation, based on the modified Lorentz force law, which complies with Galilean transformations and depends on relative velocities, the induction on the capacitor is reexamined. When the rotating solenoid is long and the capacitor is placed inside the solenoid, it is seen that the induction actually vanishes as observed in Barnett's experiment. However, when the capacitor is placed outside the solenoid or when the solenoid is short, it is shown that the induction can departure from zero. This prediction provides a means to test the validity of the modified Lorentz force law.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2005

An Ignored Mechanism for the Longitudinal Recoil Force in Railguns and Revitalization of the Riemann Force Law

The electric induction force due to a time-varying current is used to account for the longitudinal recoil force exerted on the rails of railgun accelerators. As observed in the experiments, this induction force is longitudinal to the rails and can be the strongest at the heads of the rails. Besides, for the force due to a closed circuit, it is shown that the Riemann force law, which is based on a potential energy depending on a relative speed and is in accord with Newton's law of action and reaction, can reduce to the Lorentz force law.

physics.class-ph↗

arXiv2002

Modifications of the Lorentz Force Law Complying with Galilean Transformations and the Local-Ether Propagation Model

It is generally expected from intuition that the electromagnetic force exerted on a charged particle should remain unchanged when observed in different reference frames in uniform translational motion. In the special relativity, this invariance is achieved by invoking the Lorentz transformation of space and time. In this investigation an entirely different interpretation of the invariance of force is presented. We propose a new model of the electromagnetic force given in terms of the augmented potentials, which are derived from the electric scalar potential by incorporating a velocity difference between involved particles. The propagation of the potentials is supposed to follow the local-ether model. All of the position vectors, time derivatives, and velocities involved in the proposed potentials and force law are referred specifically to their respective frames. By virtue of this feature, the electromagnetic force is independent of reference frame simply based on Galilean transformations. The proposed model looks quite different from the Lorentz force law, except the electrostatic force. However, under the common low-speed condition where the mobile charged particles forming the current drift very slowly in a neutralizing matrix, it is shown that the proposed model reduces to the Lorentz force law, if the latter is observed in the matrix frame as done tacitly in common practice.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2002

Local-Ether Wave Equation of Electric Field and Interferometry Experiments with Moving Medium and Path

Recently, we have presented the local-ether model, whereby the propagation of earthbound waves is supposed to be referred uniquely to a geostationary inertial frame. Further, in order to comply with this propagation model, the modified Lorentz force law is developed. Thereby, the corresponding wave equations of potentials and fields are derived in this investigation. It is shown that the local-ether wave equation of electric field can account for various precision interferometry experiments in a consistent way, including the one-way-link experiment with a geostationary fiber, the Sagnac rotating-loop experiment with a comoving or a geostationary dielectric medium, and Fizeau's experiment with a moving dielectric medium in a geostationary interferometer. These experiments together then provide a support for the local-ether wave equation. Meanwhile, some other phenomena are predicted, which provide a means to test its validity.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2002

Modifications of Schrödinger's Equation Complying with the Effect of Earth's Rotation on Quantum Energy in Atoms and with the Electromagnetic Force

Recently, we have presented a local-ether wave equation incorporating a nature frequency and the electric scalar potential, from which the speed-dependences in the angular frequency and wavelength of matter wave, in the mass of particle, and in the energy of quantum states are derived. These relations look like the postulates of de Broglie and the Lorentz mass-variation law, except that the particle speed is referred specifically to a geocentric inertial frame and hence incorporates earth's rotation for earthbound particles. Further, the wave equation is extended by connecting the scalar potential to the augmentation operator which is associated with a velocity difference between involved particles. Then the electromagnetic force law is derived, which under some ordinary conditions reduces to the modified Lorentz force law. In this investigation, the interaction of atoms with electromagnetic radiation is explored. Then it is shown that the time evolution equation derived from the wave equation is substantially identical to Schrödinger's equation incorporating the vector potential, if the latter is observed in the atom frame and if the source generating the vector potential is electrically neutralized, as in common practice.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2002

Resonant Absorption between Moving Atoms due to Doppler Frequency Shift and Quantum Energy Variation

By taking both the Doppler frequency shift for electromagnetic wave and the quantum energy variation of matter wave into consideration, a resonant-absorption condition based on the local-ether wave equation is presented to account for a variety of phenomena consistently, including the Ives-Stilwell experiment, the output frequency from ammonia masers, and the Mössbauer rotor experiment. It is found that in the resonant-absorption condition, the major term associated with the laboratory velocity is a dot-product term between this velocity and that of the emitting or absorbing atom. This term appears both in the Doppler frequency shift and the transition frequency variation and then cancels out. Thereby, the experimental results can be independent of the laboratory velocity and hence comply with Galilean relativity, despite the restriction that the involved velocities are referred specifically to the local-ether frame. However, by examining the resonant-absorption condition in the Mössbauer rotor experiment to a higher order, it is found that Galilean relativity breaks down.

physics.gen-ph↗

arXiv2002

Reinterpretation of Matter-Wave Interference Experiments Based on the Local-Ether Wave Equation

Based on the local-ether wave equation for free particle, the dispersion of matter wave is examined. From the dispersion relation, the angular frequency and wavelength of matter wave are derived. These formulas look like the postulates of de Broglie in conjunction with the Lorentz mass-variation law. However, the fundamental difference is that for terrestrial particles their speeds are referred specifically to a geocentric inertial frame and hence incorporate the speed due to earth's rotation. Thus the local-ether model predicts an east-west directional anisotropy both in mass and wavelength. Meanwhile, in spite of the restriction on reference frame, the local-ether model can account for the matter-wave interference experiments of the Bragg reflection and the Sagnac effect. For electron wave, the effects of earth's rotation are negligible and the derived Bragg angle is actually in accord with the Davisson-Germer experiment, as examined within the present precision. On the other hand, the local-ether model leads to a directional anisotropy in the Bragg angle in neutron diffraction. The predicted anisotropy due to earth's rotation then provide a means to test the local-ether wave equation.

physics.gen-ph↗