arXiv subjects

Chris J. Willott

Publications and source records attributed to Chris J. Willott.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Early steps in the hierarchical assembly of a Milky Way-mass galaxy 1 Gyr after the Big Bang

We report JWST observations of a $z_{\rm spec}=5.196$ compact group of three strongly lensed low-mass galaxies ($M_\star \sim 10^{6-7} M_\odot$ each) whose small line-of-sight velocity offsets (from $-120\pm100$ to $+160\pm110$ km s$^{-1}$) and projected separations ($\sim2$ kpc) suggest that they are undergoing merging. On the basis of abundance-matching arguments, the trio appear to be destined to evolve into a Milky Way-mass galaxy by the present day. Our spectrophotometric analysis suggests that the stellar mass growth of this system is not simply just due to the merging of its components; rather, it is being dramatically enhanced by intense bursts of star formation. Presumably initiated by tidally-induced gas inflows, these star-forming bursts boost the mass growth $2.6\pm0.5$ times that expected in straightforward merging of the existing stellar masses. These spectroscopic observations thus not only demonstrate that hierarchical assembly remains a viable formation channel in the early assembly phases of present-day massive galaxy, but also that interaction-induced bursts of star formation are a major accelerator of this assembly process.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2026

UV-to-optical insights into the BH$^*$ model in little red dots

Little Red Dots (LRDs) are a heterogeneous class of objects, with several proposed scenarios for their physical nature and evolution. While these theories have been tested on individual LRDs using limited spectral features, a systematic Bayesian analysis of the LRD population incorporating the different models across a broad wavelength range is still lacking. In this study, we conduct a consistent ultraviolet (UV)-to-optical continuum fitting analysis of 99 LRDs at 2<z<6 using JWST/NIRSpec PRISM spectroscopy. Employing a modified version of Bagpipes-including blackbody (BB) emission affected by Balmer absorption, stellar and nebular emission attenuated by dust, and an active galactic nucleus (AGN) component-we assess the performance of the black hole star (BH*) model in describing the LRD population. We adopt broad priors and therefore do not impose any specific physical scenario. Our results show that only ~4% of LRDs with statistically robust solutions (81 objects in total) are best-fit by a BH* in the optical and a host galaxy in the UV. ~9% of LRDs show BB-dominated optical continua but lack a stellar component or exhibit AGN UV leakage. Most LRDs are dominated by stellar and/or AGN emission in the optical, with minor BB contribution. When we adopt a prior that disfavors a strong AGN continuum to enforce BH*-like solutions, the percentage of BH* systems increases to ~35%, highlighting the strong degeneracy between a BH* solution and alternative scenarios. Even when BH*-like solutions are enforced, many LRDs still require a stellar-dominated optical continuum. This could indicate limitations in the BH* model, as further supported by independent evidence, such as the detection of high-ionization emission lines in some LRDs.

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arXiv2026

Mapping dark matter in the Bullet Cluster using JWST imaging and spectroscopy

We present an updated gravitational lens model of the Bullet cluster (1E 0657-56) by combining JWST NIRCam imaging and NIRSpec spectroscopy. Although previous lens models relied on many multiply imaged galaxies, only six systems had spectroscopic redshifts prior to this work. Our lens model is constrained by a catalogue of 135 secure multiple images from 27 background galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts, uniformly covering both subclusters and a wide redshift range of 0.9 - 6.7. We also provide a catalogue of 199 multiple image candidates. We modelled the cluster with Lenstool and incorporated several large-scale haloes, cluster members, the intracluster gas, and group-scale haloes surrounding the cluster core, motivated by spectroscopic studies of cluster member kinematics. We describe the main cluster component with a complex, elongated double-peaked distribution, and the subcluster with a single large-scale halo aligning closely with the brightest cluster galaxy ($4_{-2}^{+3}$ kpc). The uncertainty of the displacement has been improved threefold thanks to the addition of JWST systems. The addition of group-scale substructures, roughly following the two axes of cluster assembly, improves the fit to the multiple image positions and provides a physically motivated alternative to constant shear. Our lens model shows the closest agreement with previous studies in aperture mass profiles at $\sim60$ kpc from the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs), but exhibits significant differences in the detailed mass distribution as a result of different lens-modelling strategies and adopted constraints. The differences are reflected in small but spatially coherent deviations between the new spectroscopic redshifts and redshifts predicted by earlier lens models.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2026

Resolved Ages and Stellar Metallicities in Progenitors of Milky Way Analogs: A Closer Look at their Star Formation Histories since $z=5$

We present the evolution of the resolved mass-weighted age, stellar metallicity, and sSFR of 872 Milky Way Analog (MWA) progenitors up to redshift $z=5$ from the Canadian Unbiased Cluster Survey (CANUCS). The metallicity and mass-weighted ages were obtained via spatially resolved SED-fitting with the non-parametric code Dense Basis. We split the sample into mergers versus non-mergers using the merger parameter from the Gini-$M_{20}$ plane obtained through Gini-$M_{20}$ analysis of the morphology of the stellar mass maps with Statmorph. Across our redshift range, non-mergers have negative or flat average age gradients from $-0.022$ to 0.005 dex/kpc, and positive or flat sSFR gradients from $-0.089$ to 0.092 dex/kpc, consistent with inside-out assembly. The average $\log(Z/\Zsun)$ gradients for non-mergers range from $-0.029$ to 0.044 dex/kpc, however, positive gradients only appear between $2 < z < 3$. At every redshift epoch, mergers typically have flatter age gradients, more negative sSFR gradients, and similar metallicity gradients compared to non-mergers. We divide the property maps of ongoing mergers into separate regions based on their component galaxies, and find little to no difference between the components' average ages or metallicities, but the less massive of the merging system is on average $0.1-0.4$ dex higher in sSFR. Our results point to major mergers contributing some momentary disruption to the general trend of inside-out mass assembly, but does not upend the overall picture of MWA disks growing inside-out over cosmic time.

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arXiv2026

CANUCS/Technicolor Data Release 2: A Catalogue of Galaxy Structural Parameters in up to 29 HST+JWST bands and a Multi-Wavelength Exploration of the Galaxy Size-Mass Relation at $0.6 < z \leq 4$

We present James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) results of a morphological study of galaxies in the CAnadian NIRISS Unbiased Cluster (CANUCS) and Technicolor surveys, observed in 19 medium- and broadband NIRCam filters in five CANUCS NIRCam Flanking Fields with rest-frame wavelength coverage between $\sim 0.2 - 3.2μm$. Using GALFIT, we measure the morphological parameters of $\sim$ 4,100 star-forming galaxies at $0.6 < z \leq 4$ with stellar masses of $8.5 < \text{log}(M_*/M_\odot) \leq 11.5$. This enables us to concurrently examine how galaxy size varies as a function of stellar mass, redshift, and rest-frame wavelength to provide a novel parametrization of the galaxy size-wavelength relation. Additionally, we analyze the evolution of the galaxy size-mass relation in the rest-frame optical and NIR with the introduction of wavelength as a free parameter. We report a gradient in the slope of the size-mass relation with respect to rest-frame wavelength with a critical crossover mass at $\sim 10^{9.5} M_\odot$. We propose this characteristic mass as the stellar mass at which galaxies transition between diffuse and compact morphologies. We concurrently present the data release of morphological measurements of the five CANUCS-Technicolor NIRCam Flanking Fields in which we provide structural parameters for $\sim$ 41,000 galaxies in up to 29 JWST+HST filters.

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arXiv2026

A Population of Red Galaxies with Very Strong Emission Lines at $z > 5$ Revealed by the NIRCam Medium Bands: ''Classic'' LRDs, Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies, and a Missing Population of LRDs

The NIRCam medium-bands have proven to be efficient at identifying Emission Line Galaxies (ELGs) with high equivalent width (EW) H$α$ and [OIII]+H$β$ emission lines. In this paper we exploit this efficiency to identify a sample of ELGs at $4.9 \lesssim z \lesssim 8.9$ using medium-band imaging from the CANUCS, Technicolor, and JUMPS surveys. We find that the ELGs exhibit a strong correlation between continuum color and emission line strength, such that galaxies with bluer UV/optical continua have stronger H$α$ and [OIII]+H$β$ emission lines. We identify 26 galaxies that are outliers from this relation, which we call the Red Emission line Galaxies (REGs), because of their red continuum color and strong emission lines. We classify the REGs into three categories: 1) ''classic'' Little Red Dots (LRDs) selected with common literature criteria, 2) extended REGs, resolved in F444W and consistent with being Dusty Star Forming Galaxies (DSFGs), and 3) compact REGs, unresolved in F444W but not classified as LRDs. The compact REGs fail common LRD selections for several reasons, including faint continuua, contamination from emission lines (very strong [OIII]+H$β$), and UV/optical colors that are flatter than those of LRDs. We conclude that the compact REGs are likely LRDs that ''classic'' selection criteria miss, and are therefore missing from existing samples. Our results suggest that medium-band selection can provide more complete samples of these objects.

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arXiv2026

Metal-Poor Gas Accretion Drives Giant Clump Formation at 0.6 < z < 2.6

The physical properties of kiloparsec-scale clumps in high-redshift star-forming galaxies (SFGs) contain crucial constraints on how they assemble. Building on recent work that indicates the presence of a metallicity offset in clumpy galaxies compared to nonclumpy SFGs, we analyze the chemical abundance in a large sample of ${\sim}300$ SFGs between $0.6 0$. We do not find a significant mass difference between these two clump populations. Finally, we compute the merger statistic using the Gini-M20 morphological parameters and find that the majority of clumpy galaxies are not classified as mergers based on their stellar mass maps. The results suggest that the clumpy nature of cosmic noon galaxies is linked to metal-poor gas accretion events that trigger star formation and dilute metallicities.

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arXiv2026

Testing the BH$^*$ Model: a UV-to-Optical Spectral Fitting of The Cliff

In the black hole star (BH*) model, the characteristic "V"-shaped SED of LRDs is produced by an accreting BH embedded in a dense neutral-gas envelope with a near-unity covering factor. This envelope reprocesses radiation and emits as a ~5,000K blackbody, producing the optical continuum. Meanwhile, the UV is powered by a low-mass, dust-free, metal-poor host. The BH* scenario is promising, but it has yet to undergo detailed testing; conducting a self-consistent UV-to-optical spectral-fitting analysis of LRDs would provide a robust assessment of the model. In this work, we test the BH* scenario by fitting the full JWST/NIRSpec PRISM spectrum of The Cliff ($z_{spec}=3.55$), an LRD that played a pivotal role in the development of this model. A Bagpipes fit that allows stellar, nebular, AGN, and blackbody components naturally yields a BH*-like solution for The Cliff, even with broad priors. Our method allows us to characterize its host, despite remaining unresolved in JWST imaging. From the continuum, we infer the host to be low-mass (log $M_\star/M_\odot$~7.7), star-forming, metal-poor, affected by non-negligible dust attenuation ($A_V$~0.5 mag) acting on both stellar and nebular components. Larger $M_\star$ (up to log $M_\star/M_\odot$~8.1) and attenuations (up to $A_V$~1 mag) are obtained depending on the assumed dust attenuation law. Modest AGN UV leakage is consistently allowed by the code, but remains weak and not robustly constrained, with both AGN+host and host-dominated UV scenarios yielding equivalent fits. The star formation history of the host is relatively smooth, with the galaxy already assembling log $M_\star/M_\odot$~7 about 200 Myr before $z_{spec}=3.55$. The BH-to-$M_\star$ ratio exceeds the values expected from BH-host scaling relations, especially at recent times. This tension may indicate either inaccurate estimates of the BH properties or non-coeval BH-host evolution.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2026

UV slopes of Starforming Galaxies in Strong Lensing fields at the Epoch of Reionization with JWST

UV slopes ($β$) are a powerful diagnostics for galaxies at the Epoch of Reionization, tracing star formation, ISM ionization, and the escape fraction $f_{esc}$ of ionizing photons. Studies at low and intermediate z find a gradual $β$ reddening with time and steeper slopes for fainter galaxies, however recent JWST studies reveal a flattening of this trend at $z>7$. We want measure $β$ for galaxies at $z>7.5$ using the strong lensing around massive galaxy clusters to observe high-redshift and faint galaxies. The low-brightness regime is of particular interest for reionization, as most of the recent models of this process posit that numerous faint galaxies are the prime drivers of reionization. We use NIRCam and NIRSpec data from CANUCS, Technicolor, JUMPS, Silver Bullet, UNCOVER and MEGASCIENCE across 7 strong lensing fields. We find galaxies down to $M_{UV}\sim-16$ and 7.5 7.5$ suggests similar properties between $300$ and $600 Myr$ after the Big Bang. The weak trend between $β$ and $M_{UV}$ suggests an analogous composition for low- and high-mass galaxies' ISM, likely due to a lack of time for dust buildup. While average $f_{esc}$ is higher than necessary to ionize the IGM by z~6, the model extrapolated at low-z may overestimate its value.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2026

GA-NIFS: interstellar medium properties and tidal interactions in the evolved massive merging system B14-65666 at z=7.152

We present JWST/NIRSpec IFU observations of the z=7.152 galaxy system B14-65666, as part of the GA-NIFS survey. Line and continuum emission in this massive system (log10(M*/Msol)=9.8+/-0.2) is resolved into two strong cores surrounded by diffuse emission, as seen in recent JWST/NIRCam imaging. Our dataset contains detections of [OII]3726,3729, [NeIII]3869,3968, Balmer lines, [OIII]4959,5007, HeI5875, and weak [OIII]4363. Each spectrum is fit with a model that consistently incorporates interstellar medium conditions (i.e., electron temperature, Te, electron density, ne, and colour excess, E(B-V)). The resulting line fluxes are used to constrain the gas-phase metallicity (Zg~0.2-0.3 solar) and HBeta-based SFR for each region. Common line ratio diagrams (O32-R23, R3-R2, Ne3O2-R23) reveal that each line-emitting region lies at the intersection of low- and high-redshift galaxies, suggesting low ionisation and higher metallicity compared to the predominantly lower-mass galaxies studied with the JWST/NIRSpec IFU so far at z>5.5. Spaxel-by-spaxel fits reveal evidence for both narrow (FWHM<400 km s-1) and broad (FWHM>500 km s-1) line emission, the latter of which likely represents tidal interaction or outflows. Comparison to ALMA [CII]158um and [OIII]88um data shows a similar velocity structure, and we explore optical-far-infrared diagnostics. The two core galaxies both lie on the mass-metallicity relation at z>4, but show contrasting properties (e.g., M*, Zg), suggesting distinct evolutionary pathways. Combining the NIRSpec IFU and ALMA datasets, our analysis opens new windows into the merging system B14-65666.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2026

The rise and fall of Little Red Dots could be driven by the environment

The Little Red Dot (LRD) paradigm comprises three main unknowns that are intrinsically connected: (1) What is the nature of these sources? (2) How do they form? (3) How do they evolve? Larger spectroscopic samples and high-resolution data are needed to delve deeper into the mechanisms ruling these sources. Understanding their formation and evolution requires identifying the rise and fall of the key features that characterize these systems, such as their compactness and ''V''-shaped spectral energy distributions. In this work, we present a galaxy system nicknamed The Stingray that was identified in the Canadian NIRISS Unbiased Cluster Survey (CANUCS). This group contains three sources at $z_{\mathrm{spec}} = 5.12$, including an active galactic nucleus (AGN), a Balmer break galaxy, and a star-forming satellite. The latter resembles a Building Block System in which interactions boost stellar mass and black hole mass growth beyond what is expected from secular processes alone. The AGN in this system exhibits features indicative of a transitional object, bridging a normal AGN and an LRD phase. These are a blue rest-frame ultraviolet slope, compact size, and a broad H$α$ line (all of which are characteristic of LRDs), but a flatter rest-frame optical slope compared to that observed in LRDs. The features in this source point to the emergence or fading of an LRD, potentially triggered by environmental effects.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2026

A Nitrogen-rich AGN Powering a Large Ionizing Bubble at z=8.63

We report the detection of Ly$α$ in CANUCS-LRD-z8.6, a recently discovered AGN at z = 8.63 by Tripodi et al. (2024), in new NIRSpec/MSA G140H/F070LP observations. We detect broad Ly$α$ emission (FWHM $= 1540 \pm 260$ km/s) near the systemic velocity, which suggests a large ionizing bubble considering that the universe is almost fully neutral at the redshift. Through Ly$α$ line-shape modeling assuming a Stromgren sphere, we find a large bubble radius, $R_b = 1.5^{+0.3}_{-0.2}$ pMpc, and a moderately high Ly$α$ escape fraction, $f_{esc} = 11 \pm 3$ %. The intrinsic line width is inferred to be broad ($2200 \pm 280$ km/s), likely originating in the broad-line region. Existing data indicate that CANUCS-LRD-z8.6 is within a mild overdensity, $δ= 1.8^{+3.0}_{-0.6}$, suggesting that other galaxies in its proximity might have contributed to the formation of the bubble. The high N IV]$λ$1488 / C IV$λ$1548 and N IV]$λ$1488 / O III]$λ$1661 line ratios measured in existing NIRSpec/PRISM data indicate nitrogen enrichment in this metal-poor, low-luminosity AGN. The spectroscopic features are overall similar to other nitrogen-rich galaxies discovered in the literature, such as GN-z11 and GHZ2/GLASSz12. This suggests that CANUCS-LRD-z8.6 may represent one of the evolutionary phases of those nitrogen-rich galaxies.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2026

Probing the Star Formation Main Sequence down to 10$^{7} M_\odot$ at $1 < z < 9$

The Main Sequence of Star-Forming Galaxies (SFGMS or MS) is a fundamental scaling relation that provides a global framework for studying galaxy formation and evolution, as well as insight into the complex star formation histories (SFHs) of individual galaxies. In this work, we combine large-area pre-JWST surveys (COSMOS2020, CANDELS), which probe high-$M_\star$ sources (${>10^9\,M_\odot}$), with SHARDS/CANDELS FAINT and JWST data from CANUCS, CEERS, JADES, and UNCOVER, to obtain a high-$z$, star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass ($M_\star$) complete sample spanning both high- and low-$M_\star$ regimes. Completeness in both $M_\star$ and SFR is key to avoiding biases introduced by low-mass, highly star-forming objects. Our combined data set is 80% complete down to $10^{7.6}\,M_\odot$ at $z\sim1$ ($10^{8.8}\,M_\odot$ at $z\sim9$). The overall intrinsic MS slope (based on the SFR$_{100}$ and $M_\star$ derived with Dense Basis and nonparametric SFHs) shows little evolution up to $z\sim5$, with values $\sim0.7 - 0.8$. The slope in the low-$M_\star$ regime becomes steeper than that in the high-$M_\star$ end at least up to $z\sim5$, but the strength of this change is highly dependent on the assumptions made on the symmetry of the uncertainties in $M_\star$ and SFR. If real, the steepening suggests reduced star formation efficiency or declining gas content with decreasing $M_\star$. The transition between the low-$M_\star$ regime and the canonical MS occurs around $10^{9.5}\,M_\odot$, independent of $z$. This critical value may coincide with the assembly of galaxies' disks, which can provide a mechanism for self-regulation that stabilizes them against feedback. The intrinsic scatter is compatible with canonical estimates, also at low-$M_\star$, ranging from $0.2-0.3$ dex. This is indicative of rapid variations in star formation being averaged out over $\lesssim100$ Myr.

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arXiv2026

On the origins of oxygen: ALMA and JWST characterise the multi-phase, metal-enriched, star-bursting medium within a 'normal' $z > 11$ galaxy

The unexpectedly high abundance of galaxies at $z > 11$ revealed by JWST has sparked a debate on the nature of early galaxies and the physical mechanisms regulating their formation. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has begun to provide vital insights on their gas and dust content, but so far only for extreme 'blue monsters'. Here we present new, deep ALMA observations of JADES-GS-z11-0, a more typical (sub-$L^*$) $z > 11$ galaxy that bridges the discovery space of JWST and the Hubble Space Telescope. These data confirm the presence of the [O III] 88 $μ$m line at $4.5σ$ significance, precisely at the redshift of several faint emission lines previously seen with JWST/NIRSpec, while the underlying dust continuum remains undetected ($F_ν< 9.0 \, \mathrm{μJy}$), implying an obscured star formation rate (SFR) of $\text{SFR}_\text{IR} \lesssim 6 \, \mathrm{M_\odot \, yr^{-1}}$ and dust mass of $M_\text{dust} \lesssim 1.0 \times 10^{6} \, \mathrm{M_\odot}$ (all $3σ$). The accurate ALMA redshift of $z_\text{[O III]} = 11.1221 \pm 0.0006$ ($\gtrsim \! 5\times$ refined over NIRSpec) helps confirm that redshifts measured purely from the Lyman-$α$ break, even spectroscopically, should properly take into account the effects of potential damped Lyman-$α$ absorption (DLA) systems to avoid systematic overestimates of up to $Δz \approx 0.5$. The [O III] 88 $μ$m luminosity of $L_\text{[O III]} = (1.1 \pm 0.3) \times 10^{8} \, \mathrm{L_\odot}$, meanwhile, agrees well with the scaling relation for local metal-poor dwarfs given the SFR measured by NIRCam, NIRSpec, and MIRI. The spatially resolved MIRI and ALMA emission also underscores that JADES-GS-z11-0 is likely to consist of two low-mass components that are undergoing strong bursts of star formation yet are already pre-enriched in oxygen (~20-30% solar), only 400 Myr after the Big Bang.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2025

The Relation Between AGN and Host Galaxy Properties in the JWST Era: II. The merger-driven evolution of Seyferts at Cosmic Noon

In Paper I, we exploited the unsurpassed resolution and depth of JWST/NIRCam imagery to investigate the relationship between AGN and host-galaxy properties in the JWST era, finding a correlation between the level of spatial disturbance (as measured by shape asymmetry, $A_S$) and obscuration ($N_H$). Here in Paper II, we report an expansion of our X-ray and infrared analysis of Seyfert-luminosity host galaxies with four additional metrics to the single-metric morphology analysis of Paper I, as well as new samples of inactive control galaxies. This expanded study of one of the largest and most complete, multi-wavelength samples of AGN detected at $0.6<z<2.4$ in the GOODS-South and North fields, confirms that mergers surprisingly play a significant role in obscured, sub-quasar AGN host galaxies. Additionally, the pattern of morphological disturbances observed amongst the X-ray- and mid-IR-selected AGN suggests that these represent different phases of AGN evolution tied to a major-merger timeline, as opposed to distinct populations of AGN. These results indicate that mergers are important in triggering sub-quasar AGN at these redshifts.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2025

The Stellar Mass and Age Distributions of Star-Forming Clumps at $0.5 < z < 5$ in JWST CANUCS: Implications for Clump Formation and Destruction

We investigate the resolved properties of star-forming clumps and their host galaxies at $0.5<z<5$ in the JWST CANUCS fields. We find that the fraction of clumpy galaxies peaks near $z\sim2$ for galaxies with masses of $\log(M_{g,*}/M_\odot)\geq10$, while galaxies with masses of $8.5 \leq \log(M_{g,*}/M_\odot) < 10$ show lower clumpy fractions with little redshift evolution. We identify and measure individual clump masses, finding that the aggregated clump stellar mass function (cSMF) follows a power-law slope of $α= -2$ across all redshift bins, broadly consistent with \textit{in-situ} clump formation. However, when split by galaxy masses, the cSMF is found to be flatter ($α\sim-1.6$) for massive galaxies and steeper ($α\sim-2.3$) for lower mass galaxies, with little redshift evolution in both cases. We explore how different formation mechanisms and disruptive processes affect the shape of the clump mass function. In particular, we find that the cSMF slope is flatter with increasing gas fractions in younger clump populations ($<300$ Myr old), suggesting that higher gas availability leads to more massive clumps forming at the time of formation. Alternatively, many high-redshift galaxies in the sample have disturbed morphologies and simulations show that clumps of \textit{ex-situ} origins can flatten the cSMF slope. We also investigate the evolution of clump populations, where we find the cSMF slope become flatter as clumps evolve and age. We interpret this as an indication of the long-term survivability of massive clumps, with feedback mechanisms preferentially disrupting low-mass clumps. Overall, the galaxy-mass dependent cSMF and age distribution point to a complex history for clumps, involving different and competing mechanisms for their formation and destruction.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2025

Resolved mass assembly and star formation in Milky Way Progenitors since $z = 5$ from JWST/CANUCS: From clumps and mergers to well-ordered disks

We present a resolved study of 877 progenitors of Milky Way Analogs (MWAs) at $0.3<z<5$ selected with abundance matching in the ten fields of the Canadian NIRISS Unbiased Cluster Survey (CANUCS). Utilizing 18-21 bands of deep NIRCam, NIRISS, and HST photometry, we create resolved stellar mass maps and star formation rate maps via spectral energy distribution fitting with Dense Basis. We examine their resolved stellar mass and specific star formation rate (sSFR) profiles as a function of galactocentric radius, and find clear evidence for inside-out mass assembly. The total $\mstar$ of the inner 2 kpc regions of the progenitors remain roughly constant ($10^{9.3-9.4}\msun$) at $2<z<5$, while the total $\mstar$ of the regions beyond 2 kpc increases by 0.8 dex, from $10^{7.5}\msun$ to $10^{8.3}\msun$. Additionally, the sSFR of the outer regions increase with decreasing redshift, until $z\sim 2$. The median Sérsic index of the MWA progenitors stays nearly constant at $n \sim 1$ at $2<z<5$, while the half-mass radii of their stellar mass profiles double. We perform additional morphological measurements on the stellar mass maps via the Gini-M20 plane and asymmetry parameters. They show that the rate of double-peak mergers and disturbances to galaxy structure also increase with redshift, with $\sim50\%$ of galaxies at $4<z<5$ classified as disturbed, and $\sim20\%$ classified as ongoing mergers. Overall, the early evolution of MWAs is revealed as chaotic, with significant mergers and high SFRs. Mass growth is primarily inside-out and galaxies become more disk-like after $z=3$.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2025

JWST Photometry of Globular Cluster Populations in MACS0417.5-1154

Deep JWST imaging of the massive galaxy cluster MACS0417.5-1154, at redshift z=0.443, reveals a huge population of globular clusters (GCs) and Ultra-Compact Dwarfs (UCDs) primarily distributed around its single central giant galaxy (BCG). We present NIRCam/SWC photometry of the GC system in four bands (F090W, F115W, F150W, F200W). The spatial distribution of the system matches well in radial and ellipticity profile with the high elongation (b/a = 0.5) of the BCG halo light. The total GC population within MACS0417 is estimated to be near 1.5 x 10^5, similar to the systems in Abell 2744, Coma, and other galaxy clusters with comparable masses. With similar results for GC photometry in hand from other lensing clusters at a range of redshifts, it is now possible to trace on purely observational grounds the luminosity evolution of GC systems over many Gigayears of lookback time, as seen through their color-magnitude diagrams. We show this sequence for five systems reaching to lookback times of more than 7 Gyr. A systematic change in the GC/UCD sequence with lookback time is clearly visible, near what is expected for age-fading of a simple stellar population with time. Lastly, we evaluate the effectiveness of the various JWST NIRCam filters for broadband photometry of GC systems as a function of redshift, as an aid to planning further studies.

astro-ph.GA↗