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Christian D. Jäkel

Publications and source records attributed to Christian D. Jäkel.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

Towards integrable perturbation of 2d CFT on de Sitter space

We describe a procedure to deform the dynamics of a two-dimensional conformal net to possibly obtain a Haag-Kastler net on the de Sitter spacetime. The new dynamics is given by adding a primary field smeared on the time-zero circle to the Lorentz generators of the conformal net. As an example, we take an extension of the chiral U(1)-current net by a charged field with conformal dimension d < 1/4. We show that the perturbing operators are defined on a dense domain.

math-ph↗

The Pricing of Quanto Options: An empirical copula approach

The quanto option is a cross-currency derivative in which the pay-off is given in foreign currency and then converted to domestic currency, through a constant exchange rate, used for the conversion and determined at contract inception. Hence, the dependence relation between the option underlying asset price and the exchange rate plays an important role in quanto option pricing. In this work, we suggest to use empirical copulas to price quanto options. Numerical illustrations show that the flexibility provided by this approach, concerning the dependence relation of the two underlying stochastic processes, results in non-negligible pricing differences when contrasted to other models.

q-fin.MF↗

A criterion to characterize interacting theories in the Wightman framework

We propose a criterion to characterize interacting theories in a suitable Wightman framework of relativistic quantum field theories which incorporates a "singularity hypothesis", which has been conjectured for a long time, is supported by renormalization group theory, but has never been formulated mathematically. The (nonperturbative) wave function renormalization $Z$ occurring in these theories is shown not to be necessarily equal to zero, except if the equal time commutation relations (ETCR) are assumed. Since the ETCR are not justified in general (because the interacting fields cannot in general be restricted to sharp times, as is known from model studies), the condition $Z=0$ is not of general validity in interacting theories. We conjecture that it characterizes either unstable (composite) particles or the charge-carrying particles, which become infraparticles in the presence of massless particles. In the case of QED, such "dressed" electrons are not expected to be confined, but in QCD we propose a quark confinement criterion, which follows naturally from lines suggested by the works of Casher, Kogut and Susskind and Lowenstein and Swieca.

math-ph↗

Interacting Quantum Fields on de Sitter Space

In 1975 Figari, Høegh-Krohn and Nappi constructed the P(phi)_2 model on the de Sitter space. Here we complement their work with new results, as well as by connecting this model to various areas of mathematics. In particular, i.) we discuss the causal structure of de Sitter space and the induces representations of the Lorentz group. We show that the UIRs of SO_0(1,2) for both the principal and the complementary series can be formulated on Hilbert spaces whose functions are supported on a Cauchy surface, ii.) we describe the free classical dynamical system in both its covariant and canonical form, and present the associated quantum one-particle KMS structures in the sense of Kay, iii.) we discuss the localisation properties of one-particle wave functions and how these properties are inherited by the algebras of local observables. In addition, we describe the relations between the modular objects (in the sense of Tomita-Takesaki theory) associated to wedge algebras and the representations of the Lorentz group, iv.) we connect the representations of SO(1,2) to unitary representations of SO(3) on the Euclidean sphere, and discuss how the P(phi)_2 interaction can be represented by a rotation invariant vector in the Euclidean Fock space. We present a novel Osterwalder-Schrader reconstruction theorem, which shows that physical infrared problems are absent on de Sitter space, v.) we explain how the generators of the boosts and the rotations for the interacting quantum field theory arise arise from the stress-energy tensor. Finally, we show that the interacting quantum fields satisfy the equations of motion in their covariant form. In summary, we argue that the de Sitter P(phi)_2 model is the simplest and most explicit relativistic quantum field theory, which satisfies basic expectations, like covariance, particle creation, stability and finite speed of light.

math-ph↗

On the value of the non-perturbative field renormalization constant Z in gauge theories

In the perturbative approach to quantum field theory it is common to replace the propagator $i (p^{2}-m_{0}^{2}+i\varepsilon )^{-1}$ for a scalar field by a similar expression, namely $iZ (p^{2}-m^{2}+i\varepsilon )^{-1}$, where the shift of the mass from $m_{0}$ to $m$ reflects the mass renormalization and the constant~$Z$ is the renormalized field strength (or wave-function). We argue that, contrary to general belief, the non-perturbative value of~$Z$ is not necessarily equal to zero in case the two-point function of an interacting quantum field theory is, as expected, more singular on the light-cone than the corresponding free field two-point function. If, however, (massless) photons or composite (unstable) particles are present, the condition $Z=0$ follows from two qualitatively different arguments, one being a theorem due to Buchholz, the other a criterion due to Weinberg. Hence, the condition $Z=0$ is, after all, a universal feature of realistic models of elementary particle physics, which include massless or unstable particles. The results hold within a natural framework which, in the case of gauge theories, requires Hilbert space positivity, and therefore the use of non-manifestly covariant gauges.

math-ph↗

Collectivity from interference

In hadronic collisions, interference between different production channels affects momentum distributions of multi-particle final states. As this QCD interference does not depend on the strong coupling constant, it is part of the no-interaction baseline that needs to be controlled prior to searching for other manifestations of collective dynamics. Here, we introduce a model that is based on the QCD theory of multi-parton interactions and that allows one to study interference effects in the production of $m$ particles in hadronic collisions with $N$ parton-parton interactions ("sources"). In an expansion in powers of $1/(N_c^2-1)$ and to leading order in the number of sources $N$, we calculate interference effects in the $m$-particle spectra and we determine from them the second and fourth order cumulant momentum anisotropies $v_n$. Without invoking any azimuthal asymmetry and any density dependent non-linear dynamics in the incoming state, and without invoking any interaction in the final state, we find that QCD interference alone can give rise to values for $v_n\lbrace 2\rbrace$ and $v_n\lbrace 4\rbrace$, $n$ even, that persist unattenuated for increasing number of sources, that may increase with increasing multiplicity and that agree with measurements in proton-proton (pp) collisions in terms of the order of magnitude of the signal and the approximate shape of the transverse momentum dependence. We further find that the non-abelian features of QCD interference can give rise to odd harmonic anisotropies. These findings indicate that the no-interaction baseline including QCD interference effects can make a sizeable if not dominant contribution to the measured $v_n$ coefficients in pp collisions. Prospects for analyzing QCD interference contributions further and their possible relevance for proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions are discussed shortly.

hep-ph↗

Stability of relativistic quantum electrodynamics in the Coulomb gauge

We show that relativistic quantum electrodynamics in the Coulomb gauge satisfies the following bound, which establishes stability: let $H(Λ,V)$ denote the Hamiltonian of $QED_{1+3}$ on the three-dimensional torus of volume $V$ and with ultraviolet cutoff $Λ$. Then there exists a constant $0<μ(Λ,V)<\infty$ (the vacuum energy renormalization) such that the renormalized Hamiltonian is positive: $H_{ren}(Λ,V) \equiv H_{Λ,V}+μ_{Λ, V}\cdot \mathbb{1} \ge 0 $.

math-ph↗

The relativistic KMS condition for the thermal n-point functions of the P(ϕ)_2 model

Thermal quantum field theories are expected to obey a relativistic KMS condition, which replaces both the relativistic spectrum condition of Wightman quantum field theory and the KMS condition, which characterises equilibrium states in quantum statistical mechanics. In a previous work it has been shown that the two-point function of the thermal $P(ϕ)_2$ model satisfies the relativistic KMS condition. Here we extend this result to general $n$-point functions.

math-ph↗

Complex Classical Fields: A Framework for Reflection Positivity

We explore a framework for complex classical fields, appropriate for describing quantum field theories. Our fields are linear transformations on a Hilbert space, so they are more general than random variables for a probability measure. Our method generalizes Osterwalder and Schrader's construction of Euclidean fields. We allow complex-valued classical fields in the case of quantum field theories that describe neutral particles. From an analytic point-of-view, the key to using our method is reflection positivity. We investigate conditions on the Fourier representation of the fields to ensure that reflection positivity holds. We also show how reflection positivity is preserved by various space-time compactifications of Euclidean space.

math-ph↗

Complex Classical Fields and Partial Wick Rotations

We study some examples of complex, classical, scalar fields within the new framework that we introduced in a previous work. In these particular examples, we replace the usual functional integral by a complex functional arising from partial Wick rotation of a quantum field. We generalize the Feynman-Kac relation to this setting, and use it to establish the spectral condition on a cylinder. We also consider positive-temperature states.

math-ph↗

The Hölder Inequality for KMS States

We prove a Hölder inequality for KMS States, which generalises a well-known trace-inequality. Our results are based on the theory of non-commutative $L_p$-spaces.

math-ph↗