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Christian Schubert

Publications and source records attributed to Christian Schubert.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

QCD gluon vertices from the string-inspired formalism

The Bern-Kosower formalism, developed around 1990 as a novel way of obtaining QCD amplitudes as the limit of infinite string tension of the corresponding string amplitudes, was originally designed as an on-shell formalism. Building on early work by Strassler, the authors have recently shown that this `string-inspired formalism' is extremely efficient also as a tool for the study of off-shell amplitudes in QCD, and in particular for achieving compact form factor decompositions of the N-gluon vertices. Among other things, this formalism allows one to achieve a manifestly gauge invariant decomposition of these vertices by way of integration-by-parts, rather than the usual tedious analysis of the nonabelian off-shell Ward identities, and to combine the spin zero, half and one cases. Here, we will provide a summary of the method, as well as its application to the three- and four-gluon vertices.

hep-th↗

On the low-energy limit of the QED N-photon amplitudes: part 2

In recent work, Gies and Karbstein have discovered that the two-loop Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangians for scalar and spinor QED have non-vanishing reducible contributions in addition to the well-studied irreducible ones. This invalidates previous applications of those Lagrangians to the computation of the two-loop $N$-photon amplitudes in the low energy limit. Here we compute the corrections to those amplitudes due to the reducible contributions.

hep-th↗

Multiloop Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangians, Schwinger pair creation, and the QED N - photon amplitudes

An update is given on our long-term effort to perform a three-loop check on the Affleck-Alvarez-Manton/Lebedev-Ritus exponentiation conjecture for the imaginary part of the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian, using 1+1 dimensional QED as a toy model. After reviewing the history and significance of the conjecture, we present trigonometric integral representations for the single electron loop contributions to the three-loop Lagrangian, and develop a symmetry-based method for the calculation of their weak-field expansion coefficients.

hep-th↗

One-particle reducible contribution to the one-loop spinor propagator in a constant field

Extending work by Gies and Karbstein on the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian, it has recently been shown that the one-loop propagator of a charged scalar particle in a constant electromagnetic field has a one-particle reducible contribution in addition to the well-studied irreducible one. Here we further generalize this result to the spinor case, and find the same relation between the reducible term, the tree-level propagator and the one-loop Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian as in the scalar case. Our demonstration uses a novel worldline path integral representation of the photon-dressed spinor propagator in a constant electromagnetic field background.

hep-th↗

Asymptotic behavior of the QED perturbation series

In this talk, I will summarize the present state of a long-term effort to obtain information on the high-order asymptotic behaviour of the QED perturbation series through the effective action. Starting with the constant-field case, I will discuss the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian in various dimensions, and up to the three-loop level. This Lagrangian holds the information on the N-photon amplitudes in the low-energy limit, and combining it with spinor helicity methods explicit all-N results can be obtained at the one-loop and, for the "all + " amplitudes, also at the two-loop level. For the imaginary part of the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian, an all-loop formula has been conjectured independently by Affleck, Alvarez and Manton for Scalar QED, and by Lebedev and Ritus for Spinor QED. This formula can be related through a Borel dispersion relation to the leading large-N behaviour of the N-photon amplitudes. It is analytic in the fine structure constant, which is puzzling and suggests a diagrammatic investigation of the large-N limit in perturbation theory. Preliminary results of such a study for the 1+1 dimensional case throw doubt on the validity of the conjecture.

hep-th↗

Master formulas for the dressed scalar propagator in a constant field

The worldline formalism has previously been used for deriving compact master formulas for the one-loop N-photon amplitudes in both scalar and spinor QED, and in the vacuum as well as in a constant external field. For scalar QED, there is also an analogous master formula for the propagator dressed with N photons in the vacuum. Here, we extend this master formula to include a constant field. The two-photon case is worked out explicitly, yielding an integral representation for the Compton scattering cross section in the field suitable for numerical integration in the full range of electric and magnetic field strengths.

hep-ph↗

The Yukawa potential: ground state energy and critical screening

We study the ground state energy and the critical screening parameter of the Yukawa potential in non-relativistic quantum mechanics. After a short review of the existing literature on these quantities, we apply fifth-order perturbation theory to the calculation of the ground state energy, using the exact solutions of the Coulomb potential together with a cutoff on the principal number summations. We also perform a variational calculation of the ground state energy using a Coulomb-like radial wave function and the exact solution of the corresponding minimization condition. For not too large values of the screening parameter, close agreement is found between the perturbative and variational results. For the critical screening parameter, we devise a novel method that permits us to determine it to ten digits. This is the most precise calculation of this quantity to date, and allows us to resolve some discrepancies between previous results.

physics.atom-ph↗

One-particle reducible contribution to the one-loop scalar propagator in a constant field

Recently, Gies and Karbstein showed that the two-loop Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian receives a finite one-particle reducible contribution in addition to the well-known one-particle irreducible one. Here, we demonstrate that a similar contribution exists for the propagator in a constant field already at the one-loop level, and we calculate this contribution for the scalar QED case. We also present an independent derivation of the Gies-Karbstein result using the worldline formalism, treating the scalar and spinor QED cases in a unified manner.

hep-th↗

Multiphoton amplitudes and generalized LKF transformation in scalar QED using the worldline formalism

We apply the worldline formalism to scalar quantum electrodynamics (QED) to find a Bern-Kosower type master formula for generalized Compton scattering, on-shell and off-shell. Moreover, we use it to study the non-perturbative gauge parameter dependence of amplitudes in scalar QED and, as our main result, find a simple non-perturbative transformation rule under changes of this parameter in x-space in terms of conformal cross ratios. This generalizes the well-known Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin transformation (LKFT). We also exemplify how the LKFT works in perturbation theory.

hep-ph↗

Multiphoton amplitudes and generalized LKF transformation in Scalar QED

We apply the worldline formalism to amplitudes in scalar quantum electrodynamics (QED) involving open scalar lines, with an emphasis on their non-perturbative gauge dependence. At the tree-level, we study the scalar propagator interacting with any number of photons in configuration space as well as in momentum space. At one-loop we rederive, in an efficient way, the off-shell vertex in an arbitrary dimension and any covariant gauge. Generalizing the Landau-Khalatnikov-Fradkin transformation (LKFT) for the non-perturbative propagator, we find simple non-perturbative transformation rules for arbitrary x-space amplitudes under a change of the covariant gauge parameter in terms of conformal cross ratios.

hep-ph↗

Testing the universality of free fall with rubidium and ytterbium in a very large baseline atom interferometer

We propose a very long baseline atom interferometer test of Einstein's equivalence principle (EEP) with ytterbium and rubidium extending over 10m of free fall. In view of existing parametrizations of EEP violations, this choice of test masses significantly broadens the scope of atom interferometric EEP tests with respect to other performed or proposed tests by comparing two elements with high atomic numbers. In a first step, our experimental scheme will allow reaching an accuracy in the Eötvös ratio of $7\times 10^{-13}$. This achievement will constrain violation scenarios beyond our present knowledge and will represent an important milestone for exploring a variety of schemes for further improvements of the tests as outlined in the paper. We will discuss the technical realisation in the new infrastructure of the Hanover Institute of Technology (HITec) and give a short overview of the requirements to reach this accuracy. The experiment will demonstrate a variety of techniques which will be employed in future tests of EEP, high accuracy gravimetry and gravity-gradiometry. It includes operation of a force sensitive atom interferometer with an alkaline earth like element in free fall, beam splitting over macroscopic distances and novel source concepts.

physics.atom-ph↗

On the Vlasov equation for Schwinger pair production in a time-dependent electric field

Schwinger pair creation in a purely time-dependent electric field can be described through a quantum Vlasov equation describing the time evolution of the single-particle momentum distribution function. This equation exists in two versions, both of which can be derived by a Bogoliubov transformation, but whose equivalence is not obvious. For the spinless case, we show here that the difference between these two evolution equations corresponds to the one between the "in-out" and "in-in" formalisms. We give a simple relation between the asymptotic distribution functions generated by the two Vlasov equations. As examples we discuss the Sauter and single-soliton field cases.

hep-th↗

Design of a dual species atom interferometer for space

Atom interferometers have a multitude of proposed applications in space including precise measurements of the Earth's gravitational field, in navigation & ranging, and in fundamental physics such as tests of the weak equivalence principle (WEP) and gravitational wave detection. While atom interferometers are realized routinely in ground-based laboratories, current efforts aim at the development of a space compatible design optimized with respect to dimensions, weight, power consumption, mechanical robustness and radiation hardness. In this paper, we present a design of a high-sensitivity differential dual species $^{85}$Rb/$^{87}$Rb atom interferometer for space, including physics package, laser system, electronics and software. The physics package comprises the atom source consisting of dispensers and a 2D magneto-optical trap (MOT), the science chamber with a 3D-MOT, a magnetic trap based on an atom chip and an optical dipole trap (ODT) used for Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) creation and interferometry, the detection unit, the vacuum system for $10^{-11}$ mbar ultra-high vacuum generation, and the high-suppression factor magnetic shielding as well as the thermal control system. The laser system is based on a hybrid approach using fiber-based telecom components and high-power laser diode technology and includes all laser sources for 2D-MOT, 3D-MOT, ODT, interferometry and detection. Manipulation and switching of the laser beams is carried out on an optical bench using Zerodur bonding technology. The instrument consists of 9 units with an overall mass of 221 kg, an average power consumption of 608 W (819 W peak), and a volume of 470 liters which would well fit on a satellite to be launched with a Soyuz rocket, as system studies have shown.

physics.ins-det↗

Photonic processes in Born-Infeld theory

We study the processes of photon-photon scattering and photon splitting in a magnetic field in Born-Infeld theory. In both cases we combine the terms from the tree-level Born-Infeld Lagrangian with the usual one-loop QED contributions, where those are approximated by the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian, including also the interference terms. For photon-photon scattering we obtain the total cross section in the low-energy approximation. For photon splitting we compute the total absorption coefficient in the hexagon (weak field) approximation, and also show that, due to the non-birefringence property of Born-Infeld theory, the selection rules found by Adler for the QED case continue to hold in this more general setting. We discuss the bounds on the free parameter of Born-Infeld theory that may be obtained from this type of processes.

hep-ph↗

Quantum Tests of the Einstein Equivalence Principle with the STE-QUEST Space Mission

We present in detail the scientific objectives in fundamental physics of the Space-Time Explorer and QUantum Equivalence Space Test (STE-QUEST) space mission. STE-QUEST was pre-selected by the European Space Agency together with four other missions for the cosmic vision M3 launch opportunity planned around 2024. It carries out tests of different aspects of the Einstein Equivalence Principle using atomic clocks, matter wave interferometry and long distance time/frequency links, providing fascinating science at the interface between quantum mechanics and gravitation that cannot be achieved, at that level of precision, in ground experiments. We especially emphasize the specific strong interest of performing equivalence principle tests in the quantum regime, i.e. using quantum atomic wave interferometry. Although STE-QUEST was finally not selected in early 2014 because of budgetary and technological reasons, its science case was very highly rated. Our aim is to expose that science to a large audience in order to allow future projects and proposals to take advantage of the STE-QUEST experience.

gr-qc↗

Quantum Test of the Universality of Free Fall

We simultaneously measure the gravitationally-induced phase shift in two Raman-type matter-wave interferometers operated with laser-cooled ensembles of $^{87}$Rb and $^{39}$K atoms. Our measurement yields an Eötvös ratio of $η_{\text{Rb,K}}=(0.3\pm 5.4)\times 10^{-7}$. We briefly estimate possible bias effects and present strategies for future improvements.

physics.atom-ph↗

Bernoulli Number Identities from Quantum Field Theory and Topological String Theory

We present a new method for the derivation of convolution identities for finite sums of products of Bernoulli numbers. Our approach is motivated by the role of these identities in quantum field theory and string theory. We first show that the Miki identity and the Faber-Pandharipande-Zagier (FPZ) identity are closely related, and give simple unified proofs which naturally yield a new Bernoulli number convolution identity. We then generalize each of these three identities into new families of convolution identities depending on a continuous parameter. We rederive a cubic generalization of Miki's identity due to Gessel and obtain a new similar identity generalizing the FPZ identity. The generalization of the method to the derivation of convolution identities of arbitrary order is outlined. We also describe an extension to identities which relate convolutions of Euler and Bernoulli numbers.

math.NT↗

Form factor decomposition of the off-shell four-gluon amplitudes

We show how to use the Bern-Kosower master formula, originally a generating functional for on-shell gluon matrix elements, to derive well-organized form factor decompositions of the off-shell one-particle-irreducible N - gluon vertices. Two such algorithms are presented which can be used for any N, the first one optimized with respect to the nonabelian gauge invariance, the second one with respect to transversality. We give explicit results for the three- and four-gluon cases. The second algorithm in the three-point case reproduces precisely the well-known Ball-Chiu decomposition, and in the four-point case a natural generalization thereof. A particularly simple structure emerges in the N=4 SYM case.

hep-ph↗