arXiv subjects

Christiane Rousseau

Publications and source records attributed to Christiane Rousseau.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2024

Generic reversible complex polynomial vector fields

The paper studies the generic complex 1-dimensional polynomial vector fields of the form $iP(z)\frac{\partial}{\partial z}$, where $P$ is a polynomial with real coefficients, under topological orbital equivalence preserving the separatrices of the pole at infinity. The number of generic strata is determined, and a complete parametrization of the strata is given in terms of a modulus formed by a combinatorial part and an analytic part. The bifurcation diagram is described for degrees 3 and 4. A realization theorem is proved for any generic modulus.

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arXiv2024

Generic Complex Polynomial Vector Fields with Real Coefficients

The paper studies the complex 1-dimensional polynomial vector fields with real coefficients under topological orbital equivalence preserving the separatrices of the pole at infinity. The number of generic strata is determined, and a complete parametrization of these strata is given in terms of a modulus formed by a combinatorial and an analytic part. The bifurcation diagram is described for the degree 4. A realization theorem is proved for any generic modulus.

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arXiv2023

Generic unfolding of an antiholomorphic parabolic point of codimension $k$

We classify generic unfoldings of germs of antiholomorphic diffeomorphisms with a parabolic point of codimension~$k$ (i.e.~a fixed point of multiplicity $k+1$) under conjugacy. Such generic unfoldings depend real analytically on $k$ real parameters. A preparation of the unfolding allows to identify real analytic \emph{canonical parameters}, which are preserved by any conjugacy between two prepared generic unfoldings. A modulus of analytic classification is defined, which is an unfolding of the modulus assigned to the antiholomorphic parabolic point. Since the second iterate of such a germ is a real unfolding of a holomorphic parabolic point, the modulus is a special form of an unfolding of the Écalle-Voronin modulus of the second iterate of the antiholomorphic parabolic germ. We also solve the problem of the existence of an antiholomorphic square root to a germ of generic analytic unfolding of a holomorphic parabolic germ.

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arXiv2021

Analytic Classification of Generic Unfoldings of Antiholomorphic Parabolic Fixed Points of Codimension 1

We classify generic unfoldings of germs of antiholomorphic diffeomorphisms with a parabolic point of codimension 1 (i.e. a double fixed point) under conjugacy. These generic unfolding depend on one real parameter. The classification is done by assigning to each such germ a weak and a strong modulus, which are unfoldings of the modulus assigned to the antiholomorphic parabolic point. The weak and the strong moduli are unfoldings of the Écalle-Voronin modulus of the second iterate of the germ which is a real unfolding of a holomorphic parabolic point. A preparation of the unfolding allows to identify one real analytic canonical parameter and any conjugacy between two prepared generic unfoldings preserves the canonical parameter. We also solve the realisation problem by giving necessary and sufficient conditions for a strong modulus to be realized. This is done simultaneously with solving the probem of the existence of an antiholomorphic square root to a germ of generic analytic unfolding of a holomorphic parabolic germ. As a second application we establish the condition for the existence of a real analytic invariant curve.

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arXiv2020

The equivalence problem in analytic dynamics for $1$-resonance

When are two germs of analytic systems conjugate or orbitally equivalent under an analytic change of coordinates in the neighborhood of a singular point? A way to answer is to use normal forms. But there are large classes of dynamical systems for which the change of coordinates to a normal form diverges. In this paper we discuss the case of singularities for which the normalizing transformation is $k$-summable, thus allowing to provide moduli spaces. We explain the common geometric features of these singularities, and show that the study of their unfoldings allows understanding both the singularities themselves, and the geometric obstructions to convergence of the normalizing transformations. We also present some moduli spaces for generic $k$-parameter families unfolding such singularities.

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arXiv2020

On the universal unfolding of vector fields in one variable: A proof of Kostov's theorem

In this note we present variants of Kostov's theorem on a versal deformation of a parabolic point of a complex analytic $1$-dimensional vector field. First we provide a self-contained proof of Kostov's theorem, together with a proof that this versal deformation is indeed universal. We then generalize to the real analytic and formal cases, where we show universality, and to the $C^\infty$ case, where we show that only versality is possible.

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arXiv2020

Analytic Classification of Germs of Parabolic Antoholomorphic Diffeomorphisms of Codimension k

We investigate the local dynamics of antiholomorphic diffeomorphisms around a parabolic fixed point. We first give a normal form. Then we give a complete classification including a modulus space for antiholomorphic germs with a parabolic fixed point under analytic conjugacy. We then study some geometric applications: existence of real analytic invariant curve, existence of holomorphic and antiholomorphic roots of holomorphic and antiholomorphic parabolic germs, commuting holomorphic and antiholomorphic parabolic germs.

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arXiv2019

Remarks on rational vector fields on $\mathbb C\mathbb P^1$

In this paper we introduce geometric tools to study the families of rational vector fields of a given degree over $\mathbb C\mathbb P^1$. To a generic vector field of such a parametric family we associate several geometric objects: a periodgon, a star domain and a translation surface. These objects generalize objects with the same name introduced in previous works on polynomial vector fields. They are used to describe the bifurcations inside the families. We specialize to the case of rational vector fields of degree $4$.

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arXiv2018

Two-parameter unfolding of a parabolic point of a vector field in $\mathbb C$ fixing the origin

In this paper we describe the bifurcation diagram of the$2$-parameter family of vector fields $\dot z = z(z^k+ε_1z+ε_0)$ over $\mathbb C\mathbb P^1$ for $(ε_1,ε_0)\in \mathbb C^2$. There are two kinds of bifurcations: bifurcations of parabolic points and bifurcations of homoclinic loops through infinity. The latter are studied using the tool of the periodgon introduced in a particular case in \cite{CR}, and then generalized in \cite{KR}. We apply the results to the bifurcation diagram of a generic germ of 2-parameter analytic unfolding preserving the origin of the vector field $\dot z = z^{k+1} +o(z^{k+1})$ with a parabolic point at the origin.

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arXiv2018

Spiderweb central configurations

In this paper we study spiderweb central configurations for the $N$-body problem, i.e configurations given by $N=n \times \ell+1$ masses located at the intersection points of $\ell$ concurrent equidistributed half-lines with $n$ circles and a central mass $m_0$, under the hypothesis that the $\ell$ masses on the $i$-th circle are equal to a positive constant $m_i$; we allow the particular case $m_0=0$. We focus on constructive proofs of the existence of spiderweb central configurations, which allow numerical implementation. Additionally, we prove the uniqueness of such central configurations when $\ell \in \{2,\dots,9\}$ and arbitrary $n$ and $m_i$; under the constraint $m_1\geq m_2\geq \ldots \geq m_n$ we also prove uniqueness for $\ell \in \{10,\dots,18\}$ and $n$ not too large. We also give an algorithm providing a rigorous proof of the existence and local unicity of such central configurations when given as input a choice of $n$, $\ell$ and $m_0, . . . ,m_n$. Finally, our numerical simulations highlight some interesting properties of the mass distribution.

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arXiv2017

Generic 2-parameter perturbations of parabolic singular points of vector fields in C

We describe the equivalence classes of germs of generic $2$-parameter families of complex vector fields $\dot z = ω_ε(z)$ on $\mathbb{C}$ unfolding a singular parabolic point of multiplicity $k+1$: $ω_0= z^{k+1} +o(z^{k+1})$. The equivalence is under conjugacy by holomorphic change of coordinate and parameter. As a preparatory step, we present the bifurcation diagram of the family of vector fields $\dot z = z^{k+1} + ε_1 z + ε_0$ over $\mathbb{CP}^1$. This presentation is done using the new tools of periodgon and star domain. We then provide a description of the modulus space and (almost) unique normal forms for the equivalence classes of germs.

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arXiv2016

Moduli space for generic unfolded differential linear systems

In this paper, we identify the moduli space for germs of generic unfoldings of nonresonant linear differential systems with an irregular singularity of Poincaré rank $k$ at the origin, under analytic equivalence. The modulus of a given family was determined in \cite{HLR}: it comprises a formal part depending analytically on the parameters, and an analytic part given by unfoldings of the Stokes matrices. These unfoldings are given on "Douady-Sentenac" (DS) domains in the parameter space covering the generic values of the parameters corresponding to Fuchsian singular points. Here we identify exactly which moduli can be realized. A necessary condition on the analytic part, called compatibility condition, is saying that the unfoldings define the same monodromy group (up to conjugacy) for the different presentations of the modulus on the intersections of DS domains. With the additional requirement that the corresponding cocycle is trivial and good limit behavior at some boundary points of the DS domains, this condition becomes sufficient. In particular we show that any modulus can be realized by a $k$-parameter family of systems of rational linear differential equations over $\mathbb C\mathbb P^1$ with $k+1$, $k+2$ or $k+3$ singular points (with multiplicities). Under the generic condition of irreducibility, there are precisely $k+2$ singular points which are Fuchsian as soon as simple. This in turn implies that any unfolding of an irregular singularity of Poincaré rank $k$ is analytically equivalent to a rational system of the form $y'=\frac{A(x)}{p_ε(x)}\cdot y$, with $A(x)$ polynomial of degree at most $k$ and $p_ε(x)$ is the generic unfolding of the polynomial $x^{k+1}$.

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arXiv2016

Intrinsic character of Stokes matrices

Two germs of linear analytic differential systems $x^{k+1}Y^\prime=A(x)Y$ with a non resonant irregular singularity are analytically equivalent if and only if they have the same eigenvalues and equivalent collections of Stokes matrices. The Stokes matrices are the transition matrices between sectors on which the system is analytically equivalent to its formal normal form. Each sector contains exactly one separating ray for each pair of eigenvalues. A rotation in $S$ allows supposing that $\mathbb R^+$ lies in the intersection of two sectors. Reordering of the coordinates of $Y$ allows ordering the real parts of the eigenvalues, thus yielding triangular Stokes matrices. However, the choice of the rotation in $x$ is not canonical. In this paper we establish how the collection of Stokes matrices depends on this rotation, and hence on a chosen order of the projection of the eigenvalues on a line through the origin.

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arXiv2015

Divergent series: past, present, future

The present paper presents some reflections of the author on divergent series and their role and place in mathematics over the centuries. The point of view presented here is limited to differential equations and dynamical systems.

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arXiv2015

Finite cyclicity of some center graphics through a nilpotent point inside quadratic systems

In this paper we introduce new methods to prove the finite cyclicity of some graphics through a triple nilpotent point of saddle or elliptic type surrounding a center. After applying a blow-up of the family, yielding a singular 3-dimensional foliation, this amounts to proving the finite cyclicity of a family of limit periodic sets of the foliation. The boundary limit periodic sets of these families were the most challenging, but the new methods are quite general for treating such graphics. We apply these techniques to prove the finite cyclicity of the graphic $(I_{14}^1)$, which is part of the program started in 1994 by Dumortier, Roussarie and Rousseau (and called DRR program) to show that there exists a uniform upper bound for the number of limit cycles of a planar quadratic vector field. We also prove the finite cyclicity of the boundary limit periodic sets in all graphics but one through a triple nilpotent point at infinity of saddle, elliptic or degenerate type (with a line of zeros) and surrounding a center, namely the graphics $(I_{6b}^1)$, $(H_{13}^3)$, and $(DI_{2b})$.

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arXiv2015

The bifurcation diagram of cubic polynomial vector fields on $\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^1$

In this paper we give the bifurcation diagram of the family of cubic vector fields $\dot z=z^3+ ε_1z+ε_0$ for $z\in \mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^1$, depending on the values of $ε_1,ε_0\in\mathbb{C}$. The bifurcation diagram is in $\mathbb{R}^4$, but its conic structure allows describing it for parameter values in $\mathbb{S}^3$. There are two open simply connected regions of structurally stable vector fields separated by surfaces corresponding to bifurcations of homoclinic connections between two separatrices of the pole at infinity. These branch from the codimension 2 curve of double singular points. We also explain the bifurcation of homoclinic connection in terms of the description of Douady and Sentenac of polynomial vector fields.

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arXiv2015

Finite cyclicity of some graphics through a nilpotent point of saddle type inside quadratic systems

In this paper we show the finite cyclicity of the two graphics $(I_{12}^1)$ and $(I_{13}^1)$ through a triple nilpotent point of saddle type inside quadratic vector fields. These results contribute to the program launched in 1994 by Dumortier, Roussarie and Rousseau (DRR program) to show the existence of a uniform upper bound for the number of limit cycles for planar quadratic vector fields.

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arXiv2011

Complete system of analytic invariants for unfolded differential linear systems with an irregular singularity of Poincaré rank 1

In this, paper, we give a complete system of analytic invariants for the unfoldings of nonresonant linear differential systems with an irregular singularity of Poincaré rank 1 at the origin over a fixed neighborhood $D_r$. The unfolding parameter $ε$ is taken in a sector S pointed at the origin of opening larger than $2 π$ in the complex plane, thus covering a whole neighborhood of the origin. For each parameter value in S, we cover $D_r$ with two sectors and, over each sector, we construct a well chosen basis of solutions of the unfolded linear differential systems. This basis is used to find the analytic invariants linked to the monodromy of the chosen basis around the singular points. The analytic invariants give a complete geometric interpretation to the well-known Stokes matrices at $ε=0$: this includes the link (existing at least for the generic cases) between the divergence of the solutions at $ε=0$ and the presence of logarithmic terms in the solutions for resonance values of the unfolding parameter. Finally, we give a realization theorem for a given complete system of analytic invariants satisfying a necessary and sufficient condition, thus identifying the set of modules.

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