Domain Adaptation against Background Sculpting in Anomaly Detection at the LHC
Weakly supervised anomaly detection has been shown to be an effective tool for model-agnostic searches for new physics, especially in the context of resonance searches. However, correlations between the anomaly score and the resonant mass can distort the background distribution after selecting on the anomaly score, complicating background estimation from the sidebands. To mitigate this background sculpting, we propose a domain-adaptation-based decorrelation of the anomaly score from the resonant mass. We study this approach using the LHC Olympics R&D data set and several weakly supervised anomaly detection methods. We find that domain adaptation can substantially reduce background sculpting while largely preserving the anomaly detection performance. When correlations between the input features and the resonant mass degrade the original method's performance, domain adaptation can also recover sensitivity.