Lagrangian dispersion in experimental stratified turbulence
Lagrangian measurements of tracer particle dispersion in stratified turbulence are presented from a large-scale experiment achieving both high buoyancy Reynolds numbers and low Froude numbers -- a regime characteristic of oceanic conditions. Stratification has a pronounced effect on the vertical particle dispersion, which is observed to be constrained to distances on the order of the buoyancy scale $w_{\mathrm{std}}/N$, where $w_{\mathrm{std}}$ is the standard deviation of the vertical velocity and $N$ is the Brunt-Väisälä frequency. As expected in strongly nonlinear, stratified turbulence, the frequency spectrum of the Lagrangian velocity becomes isotropic at frequencies higher than $N$. The spectral decay follows a $1/f^3$ scaling, which contrasts with the $1/f^2$ behavior typical of homogeneous isotropic turbulence. At time scales corresponding to internal waves, the statistics of velocity increments remain Gaussian, consistent with the weakly nonlinear regime of wave turbulence. At smaller scales, however, the flow exhibits strongly non-Gaussian statistics, indicative of fully nonlinear turbulent dynamics driven by wave breaking.