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Claude Bernard

Publications and source records attributed to Claude Bernard.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Panel discussion on chiral extrapolation of physical observables

This is an approximate reconstruction of the panel discussion on chiral extrapolation of physical observables. The session consisted of brief presentations from panelists, followed by responses from the panel, and concluded with questions and comments from the floor with answers from panelists. In the following, the panelists have summarized their statements, and the ensuing discussion has been approximately reconstructed from notes.

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Numerical Simulations of PT-Symmetric Quantum Field Theories

Many non-Hermitian but PT-symmetric theories are known to have a real positive spectrum. Since the action is complex for there theories, Monte Carlo methods do not apply. In this paper the first field-theoretic method for numerical simulations of PT-symmetric Hamiltonians is presented. The method is the complex Langevin equation, which has been used previously to study complex Hamiltonians in statistical physics and in Minkowski space. We compute the equal-time one-point and two-point Green's functions in zero and one dimension, where comparisons to known results can be made. The method should also be applicable in four-dimensional space-time. Our approach may also give insight into how to formulate a probabilistic interpretation of PT-symmetric theories.

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The QCD spectrum with three quark flavors

We present results from a lattice hadron spectrum calculation using three flavors of dynamical quarks - two light and one strange, and quenched simulations for comparison. These simulations were done using a one-loop Symanzik improved gauge action and an improved Kogut-Susskind quark action. The lattice spacings, and hence also the physical volumes, were tuned to be the same in all the runs to better expose differences due to flavor number. Lattice spacings were tuned using the static quark potential, so as a byproduct we obtain updated results for the effect of sea quarks on the static quark potential. We find indications that the full QCD meson spectrum is in better agreement with experiment than the quenched spectrum. For the 0++ (a0) meson we see a coupling to two pseudoscalar mesons, or a meson decay on the lattice.

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Heavy-Light Decay Constants with Dynamical Gauge Configurations and Wilson or Improved Valence Quark Action

We describe a calculation of heavy-light decay constants including virtual quark loop effects. We have generated dynamical gauge configurations at three $β$ values using two flavors of Kogut-Susskind quarks with a range of masses. These are analyzed with a Wilson valence quark action. Preliminary results based on a ``fat-link'' clover valence quark action are also reported. Results from the two methods differ by 30 to 50 MeV, which is presumably due to significant - but as yet unobserved - lattice spacing dependence in one or both of the approaches.

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Continuum limit of lattice QCD with staggered quarks in the quenched approximation - a critical role for the chiral extrapolation

We calculate the light quark spectrum of lattice QCD in the quenched approximation using Kogut-Susskind quarks. By combining results for different lattice spacings, several volumes and five quark masses, we are able to take the light quark mass, infinite volume, continuum limit. When we use non-linear chiral extrapolations, we find that the nucleon to rho mass ratio is 1.254 +- 0.018 +- 0.027, where the errors are statistical and systematic (within the quenched approximation), respectively. This should be compared with the experimental value of 1.22. Our results indicate that the error due to quenching is less than about 5%.

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A calculation of the Lepage-Mackenzie scale for the lattice axial and vector currents

We calculate the perturbative scales (q*) for the axial and vector currents for the Wilson action, with and without tadpole improvement, using Lepage and Mackenzie's formalism. The scale for the pseudoscalar density (times the mass) is computed as well. Contrary to naive expectation, tadpole improvement reduces q* by only a small amount for the operators we consider. We also discuss the use of a nonperturbative coupling to calculate the perturbative scale.

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Quenched hadron spectroscopy with improved staggered quark action

We investigate light hadron spectroscopy with an improved quenched staggered quark action. We compare the results obtained with an improved gauge plus an improved quark action, an improved gauge plus standard quark action, and the standard gauge plus standard quark action. Most of the improvement in the spectroscopy results is due to the improved gauge sector. However, the improved quark action substantially reduces violations of Lorentz invariance, as evidenced by the meson dispersion relations.

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Light quark spectrum with improved gauge and fermion actions

We report on a study of the light quark spectrum using an improved gauge action and both Kogut-Susskind and Naik quark actions. We have studied six different lattice spacings, corresponding to plaquette couplings ranging from 6.8 to 7.9, with five to six quark masses per coupling. We compare the two quark actions in terms of the spectrum and restoration of flavor symmetry. We also compare these results with those from the conventional action.

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Light hadron spectrum---MILC results with the Kogut-Susskind and Wilson actions

We present the current status of our ongoing calculations of the light hadron spectrum with both Kogut-Susskind (KS) and Wilson quarks in the valence or quenched approximation. We discuss KS quarks first and find that the chiral extrapolation is potentially the biggest source of systematic error. For the Wilson case, we focus on finite volume and source size effects at 6/g^2=5.7. We find no evidence to support the claim that there is a finite volume effect between N_s=16 and 24 of approximately 5%.

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Heavy-light decay constants---MILC results with the Wilson action

We present the current status of our ongoing calculations of pseudoscalar meson decay constants for mesons that contain one light and one heavy quark (f_B, f_{B_s}, f_D, f_{D_s}). We are currently generating new gauge configurations that include dynamical quarks and calculating the decay constants. In addition, we have several new results for the static approximation. Those results, as well as several refinements to the analysis, are new since Lattice '96. Our current (still preliminary) value for f_B is 156 +- 11 +- 30 +- 14 MeV, where the first error is from statistical and fitting errors, the second error is an estimate of other systematic errors within the quenched approximation and the third error is an estimate of the quenching error. For the ratio f_{B_s}/f_B, we get 1.11 +- 0.02 +- 0.03 +- 0.07.

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Exotic mesons in quenched lattice QCD

Since gluons in QCD are interacting fundamental constituents just as quarks are, we expect that in addition to mesons made from a quark and an antiquark, there should also be glueballs and hybrids (bound states of quarks, antiquarks and gluons). In general, these states would mix strongly with the conventional q-bar-q mesons. However, they can also have exotic quantum numbers inaccessible to q-bar-q mesons. Confirmation of such states would give information on the role of "dynamical" color in low energy QCD. In the quenched approximation we present a lattice calculation of the masses of mesons with exotic quantum numbers. These hybrid mesons can mix with four quark (q-bar-q-bar-q-q) states. The quenched approximation partially suppresses this mixing. Nonetheless, our hybrid interpolating fields also couple to four quark states. Using a four quark source operator, we demonstrate this mixing for the 1-+ meson. Using the conventional Wilson quark action, we calculate both at reasonably light quark masses, intending to extrapolate to small quark mass, and near the charmed quark mass, where we calculate the masses of some c-bar-c-g hybrid mesons. The hybrid meson masses are large --- over 4 GeV for charmonium and more than twice the vector meson mass at our smallest quark mass, which is near the strange quark mass.

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QCD Thermodynamics with an Improved Lattice Action

We have investigated QCD with two flavors of degenerate fermions using a Symanzik-improved lattice action for both the gauge and fermion actions. Our study focuses on the deconfinement transition on an $N_t=4$ lattice. Having located the thermal transition, we performed zero temperature simulations nearby in order to compute hadronic masses and the static quark potential. We find that the present action reduces lattice artifacts present in thermodynamics with the standard Wilson (gauge and fermion) actions. However, it does not bring studies with Wilson-type quarks to the same level as those using the Kogut--Susskind formulation.

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Which Chiral Symmetry is Restored in High Temperature QCD?

Sigma models for the high temperature phase transition in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) suggest that at high temperature the SU(N_f) x SU(N_f) chiral symmetry becomes exact, but the anomalous axial U(1) symmetry need not be restored. In numerical lattice simulations, traditional methods for detecting symmetry restoration have sought multiplets in the screening mass spectrum. However, these methods were imprecise and the results, so far, incomplete. With improved statistics and methodology, we are now able to offer evidence for a restoration of the SU(2) x SU(2) chiral symmetry just above the crossover, but not of the axial U(1) chiral symmetry.

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Finite Temperature Lattice QCD with Clover Fermions

We report on our simulation of finite temperature lattice QCD with two flavors of ${\cal O}(a)$ Symanzik-improved fermions and ${\cal O}(a^2)$ Symanzik-improved glue. Our thermodynamic simulations were performed on an $8^3 \times 4$ lattice, and we have performed complementary zero temperature simulations on an $8^3 \times 16$ lattice. We compare our results to those from simulations with two flavors of Wilson fermions and discuss the improvement resulting from use of the improved action.

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Exotic hybrid mesons with light quarks

Hybrid mesons, made from a quark, an antiquark and gluons, can have quantum numbers inaccessible to conventional quark-antiquark states. Confirmation of such states would give information on the role of "dynamical" color in low energy QCD. We present preliminary results for hybrid meson masses using light Wilson valence quarks.

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Two-Flavor Staggered Fermion Thermodynamics at N_t = 12

We present results of an ongoing study of the nature of the high temperature crossover in QCD with two light fermion flavors. These results are obtained with the conventional staggered fermion action at the smallest lattice spacing to date---approximately 0.1 fm. Of particular interest are a study of the temperature of the crossover a determination of the induced baryon charge and baryon susceptibility, the scalar susceptibility, and the chiral order parameter, used to test models of critical behavior associated with chiral symmetry restoration. From our new data and published results for N_t = 4, 6, and 8, we determine the QCD magnetic equation of state from the chiral order parameter using O(4) and mean field critical exponents and compare it with the corresponding equation of state obtained from an O(4) spin model and mean field theory. We also present a scaling analysis of the Polyakov loop, suggesting a temperature dependent ``constituent quark free energy.''

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Scattering in the quenched approximation

We study, in the quenched approximation, Luescher's relation between pion scattering lengths and the finite-volume energy of two pions at rest. The quenched relation is drastically different from the full theory one; in particular, ``enhanced finite-volume corrections" of order $L^0=1$ and $L^{-2}$ occur at one loop ($L$ is the linear size of the box), due to the special properties of the $η'$ in the quenched approximation. Numerical examples show that the size of these effects can be substantial.

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Finite-volume two-pion energies and scattering in the quenched approximation

We investigate how Lüscher's relation between the finite-volume energy of two pions at rest and pion scattering lengths has to be modified in quenched QCD. We find that this relation changes drastically, and in particular, that ``enhanced finite-volume corrections" of order $L^0=1$ and $L^{-2}$ occur at one loop ($L$ is the linear size of the box), due to the special properties of the $η'$ in the quenched approximation. We define quenched pion scattering lengths, and show that they are linearly divergent in the chiral limit. We estimate the size of these various effects in some numerical examples, and find that they can be substantial.

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