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Clovis Jacinto de Matos

Publications and source records attributed to Clovis Jacinto de Matos.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2024

Cooling the Earth with $CO_2$ filled containers in space

We argue that geostationary (GEO) reflective containers filled with $CO_2$ could be used as shading devices to selectively cool areas on Earth's surface. This proposal would be an interesting addition to the recently discussed suggestion of dumping $CO_2$ to space through the well of a space lift \cite{OB2023}. We also explore the possibility of producing propellants in GEO out of greenhouse gases expelled from the space lift. Finally, we discuss the much less effective idea of filtering the most prominent infrared bands of the incoming solar radiation using the $CO_2$ wrapped in transparent vessels.

physics.space-ph↗
arXiv2021

On the Independence of Electromagnetism and Gravitation from Test Bodies Physical Properties

Does a physical field exist independently of the interaction between the field source and the test body used to measure it at a given point? What does propagate between two physical bodies when they interact? These are the fundamental questions we answer in the present work for electromagnetic and gravitational interactions. We come to the conclusion that gravitational fields as well as spacetime curvature cannot depend on the passive-gravitational to inertial mass ratio of the test bodies, because this would lead to energy conservation and causality violation except when this ratio is universally exactly equal to one. For what concerns the hypothetical dependence of electromagnetic fields on the charge to inertial-mass ratio of test bodies, this would call for the propagation of an operationally ill defined quantity (Coulomb . Meter$^2$ / Second$^2$) that would replace energy (Joule = Kilogram . Meter$^2$ / Second$^2$) transfer in the interaction between two electrically charged bodies. Hence electromagnetic fields cannot depend on the charge to inertial-mass ratio of test bodies. A consequence of these results is also the disqualification of Murat Ozer's unification theory of gravitation and electromagnetism.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2018

Experimental Evidences Supporting the Extension of the Equivalence Principle to Electromagnetic Fields

The principle of equivalence postulating that an acceleration is indistinguishable from gravity by any experiment, is valid within families of particles having the same passive gravitational to inertial mass ratio $m_p/m_i$. Presently experimental observations indicate that we live in a universe with one single family for which $m_p/m_i=1$, but if we consider the imaginary case of a universe with several particle families having different $m_p/m_i$, the principle of equivalence would still apply to each one of them. On the basis of this generalized formulation of the equivalence principle, which becomes relative to sets of particles, and that we designate as the \textit{single-particle equivalence principle}, one demonstrates that inertial frames can also be implemented for sets of electrically charged particles, with the same charge-to-mass ratio $q/m_i$, accelerating in homogeneous electric and / or magnetic fields (by analogy with the case of particles in free fall in a homogeneous gravitational field). Experimental evidences in support of the proposed extension of the principle of equivalence to electric fields are presented. These consist in the Witteborn-Fairbank experiment which revealed that electrons do not fall in the Earth gravitational field, and the well know fact that electric charges do not radiate either when in free fall in a homogeneous gravitational field, or when being accelerated by a homogeneous electric field. The London moment in rotating superconductors is also supporting the proposed extension of the equivalence principle. Prospects for the future exploration of the consequences of the proposed theoretical scheme to unify electromagnetism with gravitation in the paradigm of curved space-time, are also briefly suggested.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2011

Dissipation of Modified Entropic Gravitational Energy Through Gravitational Waves

The phenomenological nature of a new gravitational type interaction between two different bodies derived from Verlinde's entropic approach to gravitation in combination with Sorkin's definition of Universe's quantum information content, is investigated. Assuming that the energy stored in this entropic gravitational field is dissipated under the form of gravitational waves and that the Heisenberg principle holds for this system, one calculates a possible value for an absolute minimum time scale in nature $τ=15/16 \frac{Λ^{1/2}\hbar G}{c^4}\sim9.27\times10^{-105}$ seconds, which is much smaller than the Planck time $t_{P}=(\hbar G/c^5)^{1/2}\sim 5.38\times10^{-44}$ seconds. This appears together with an absolute possible maximum value for Newtonian gravitational forces generated by matter $F_g=32/30\frac{c^7}{Λ\hbar G^2}\sim 3.84\times 10^{165}$ Newtons, which is much higher than the gravitational field between two Planck masses separated by the Planck length $F_{gP}=c^4/G\sim1.21\times10^{44}$ Newtons.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2011

Modified Entropic Gravitation in Superconductors

Verlinde recently developed a theoretical account of gravitation in terms of an entropic force. The central element in Verlinde's derivation is information and its relation with entropy through the holographic principle. The application of this approach to the case of superconductors requires to take into account that information associated with superconductor's quantum vacuum energy is not stored on Planck size surface elements, but in four volume cells with Planck-Einstein size. This has profound consequences on the type of gravitational force generated by the quantum vacuum condensate in superconductors, which is closely related with the cosmological repulsive acceleration responsible for the accelerated expansion of the Universe. Remarkably this new gravitational type force depends on the level of breaking of the weak equivalence principle for cooper pairs in a given superconducting material, which was previously derived by the author starting from similar principles. It is also shown that this new gravitational force can be interpreted as a surface force. The experimental detection of this new repulsive gravitational-type force appears to be challenging.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

Condensation Energy of a Spacetime Condensate

Starting from an analogy between the Planck-Einstein scale and the dual length scales in Ginzburg-Landau theory of superconductivity, and assuming that space-time is a condensate of neutral fermionic particles with Planck mass, we derive the baryonic mass of the universe. In that theoretical framework baryonic matter appears to be associated with the condensation energy gained by spacetime in the transition from its normal (symetric) to its (less symetric) superconducting-like phase. It is shown however that the critical transition temperature cannot be the Planck temperature. Thus leaving open the enigma of the microscopic description of spacetime at quantum level.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

Weak Equivalence Principle and Propagation of the Wave Function in Quantum Mechanics

The propagation of the wave function of a particle is characterised by a group and a phase velocity. The group velocity is associated with the particle's classical velocity, which is always smaller than the speed of light, and the phase velocity is associated with the propagation speed of the wave function phase and is treated as being unphysical, since its value is always greater than the speed of light. Here we show, using Sciama's Machian formulation of rest mass energy, that this physical interpretation, for the group and the phase velocity of the wave function, is only valid if the weak equivalence principle strictly holds for the propagating particle, except for the photon. In case this constraint is released the phase velocity of the wave function could acquire a physical meaning in quantum condensates.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

Are vortices in rotating superfluids breaking the Weak Equivalence Principle?

Due to the breaking of gauge symmetry in rotating superfluid Helium, the inertial mass of a vortex diverges with the vortex size. The vortex inertial mass is thus much higher than the classical inertial mass of the vortex core. An equal increase of the vortex gravitational mass is questioned. The possibility that the vortices in a rotating superfluid could break the weak equivalence principle in relation with a variable speed of light in the superfluid vacuum is debated. Experiments to test this possibility are investigated on the bases that superfluid Helium vortices would not fall, under the single influence of a uniform gravitational field, at the same rate as the rest of the superfluid Helium mass.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2009

Gravitational Waves detection and spectroscopy with a Double-slit Quantum Eraser

We propose the use of heralded photons to detect Gravitational Waves (GWs). Heralded photons are those photons that, produced during a parametric downconversion process, are "labelled" by the detection and counting of coincidences of their correlated or entangled twins and therefore can be discriminated from the background noise, independently of the type of correlation/entanglement used in the setup. Without losing any generality, we illustrate our proposal with a gedankenexperiment, in which the presence of a gravitational wave causes a relative rotation of the reference frames associated to the double-slit and the test polarizer, respectively, of a Walborn's quantum eraser \cite{wal02}. In this thought experiment, the GW is revealed by the detection of heralded photons in the dark fringes of the recovered interference pattern by the quantum eraser. Other types of entanglement, such as momentum-space or energy-time, could be used to obtain heralded photons to be used in the future with high-frequency GW interferometric detectors when enough bright sources of correlated photons will be available.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2009

Physical Vacuum in Superconductors

Although experiments carried out by Jain et al. showed that the Cooper pairs obey the strong equivalence principle, The measurement of the Cooper pairs inertial mass by Tate et al. revealed an anomalous excess of mass. In the present paper we interpret these experimental results in the framework of an electromagnetic model of dark energy for the superconductors' vacuum. We argue that this physical vacuum is associated with a preferred frame. Ultimately from the conservation of energy for Cooper pairs we derive a model for a variable vacuum speed of light in the superconductors physical vacuum in relation with a possible breaking of the weak equivalence principle for Cooper pairs.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2009

Gravitoelectromagnetism in (Anti) de Sitter Spacetime

The presence of a non-zero cosmological term in Einstein field equations can be interpreted as the physical possibility for preferred reference frames without breaking of general covariance. This possibility is used in the process of linearizing Einstein field equations in a de Sitter background, and in formulating the resulting equations in the framework of gravitoelectromagnetism. It is proposed that this set of equations only applies to the physical vacuum and not to baryonic (normal) matter.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2009

Testing Loop Quantum Gravity and Electromagnetic Dark Energy in Superconductors

In 1989 Cabrera and Tate reported an anomalous excess of mass of the Cooper pairs in rotating thin Niobium rings. So far, this experimental result never received a proper theoretical explanation in the context of superconductor's physics. In the present work we argue that what Cabrera and Tate interpreted as an anomalous excess of mass can also be associated with a deviation from the classical gravitomagnetic Larmor theorem due to the presence of dark energy in the superconductor, as well as with the discrete structure of the area of the superconducting Niobium ring as predicted by Loop Quantum Gravity. From Cabrera and Tate measurements we deduce that the quantization of spacetime in superconducting circular rings occurs at the Planck-Einstein scale $l_{PE} = (\hbar G/c^3 Λ)^{1/4}\sim 3.77\times 10 ^{-5} m$, instead of the Planck scale $l_{P} =(\hbar G / c^3)^{1/2}=1.61 \times 10 ^{-35} m$, with an Immirzi parameter which depends on the specific critical temperature of the superconducting material and on the area of the ring. The stephan-Boltzmann law for quantized areas delimited by superconducting rings is predicted, and an experimental concept based on the electromagnetic black-body radiation emitted by this surfaces, is proposed to test loop quantum gravity and electromagnetic dark energy in superconductors.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2008

The dark energy scale in superconductors: Innovative theoretical and experimental concepts

We revisit the cosmological constant problem using the viewpoint that the observed value of dark energy density in the universe actually represents a rather natural value arising as the geometric mean of two vacuum energy densities, one being extremely large and the other one being extremely small. The corresponding mean energy scale is the Planck-Einstein scale l_PE = (l_P l_E)^1/2 = (hbar G/ c^3 Lambda)^1/4 ~ 0.037 mm, a natural scale both for dark energy and the physics of superconductors. We deal with the statistics of quantum fluctuations underlying dark energy in superconductors and consider a scale transformation from the Planck scale to the Planck-Einstein scale which leaves the quantum physics invariant. Our approach unifies various experimentally confirmed or conjectured effects in superconductors into a common framework: Cutoff of vacuum fluctuation spectra, formation of Tao balls, anomalous gravitomagnetic fields, non-classical inertia, and time uncertainties in radioactive superconductors. We propose several new experiments which may further elucidate the role of the Planck-Einstein scale in superconductors.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2007

Gravitational force between two electrons in superconductors

The attractive gravitational force between two electrons in superconductors is deduced from the Eddington-Dirac large number relation, together with Beck and Mackey electromagnetic model of vacuum energy in superconductors. This force is estimated to be weaker than the gravitational attraction between two electrons in the vacuum.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2007

Electromagnetic Dark Energy and Gravitoelectrodynamics of Superconductors

It is shown that Beck and Mackey electromagnetic model of dark energy in superconductors can account for the non-classical inertial properties of superconductors, which have been conjectured by the author to explain the Cooper pair's mass excess reported by Cabrera and Tate. A new Einstein-Planck regime for gravitation in condensed matter is proposed as a natural scale to host the gravitoelectrodynamic properties of superconductors.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2007

Possible Measurable Effects of Dark Energy in Rotating Superconductors

We discuss recent laboratory experiments with rotating superconductors and show that three so far unexplained experimentally observed effects (anomalous acceleration signals, anomalous gyroscope signals, Cooper pair mass excess) can be physically explained in terms of a possible interaction of dark energy with Cooper pairs. Our approach is based on a Ginzburg-Landau-like model of electromagnetic dark energy, where gravitationally active photons obtain mass in the superconductor. We show that this model can account simultaneously for the anomalous acceleration and anomalous gravitomagnetic fields around rotating superconductors measured by Tajmar et al. and for the anomalous Cooper pair mass in superconductive Niobium, measured by Cabrera and Tate. It is argued that these three different physical effects are ultimately different experimental manifestations of the simultaneous spontaneous breaking of gauge invariance, and of the principle of general covariance in superconductive materials.

gr-qc↗