arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Concettina Galati.
In this paper we study nodal deformations of singular surfaces $S\subset \mathbb P^3$. In particular we consider the case in which $S$ has an isolated singularity of multiplicity $m$ and the case in which $S$ has only ordinary singularities along a line.
This is now an expository note about the following classical problem. Let $(X, \bf 0)$ be the germ of a hypersurface in $(\mathbb C^n,\bf 0)$ with an ordinary singularity of multiplicity $m$ at the origin $\bf 0$. A natural question to ask is whether $X$ and its tangent cone at the origin are analytically isomorphic. The answer is negative in general, in view of a theorem of Kioji Saito. However there is an integer $D(n,m)>m$ such that, given a \emph{regular} homogeneous polynomial $f(x_1,\ldots, x_n)$ of degree $m$ (this means that $\{ f=0\}$ is a smooth hypersurface in $\PP^{n-1}$) then, for all $d\geq D(n,m)$, any convergent power series of the form $g=f+ o(d)$ (here, as usual, $o(d)$ stays for a power series of order at least $d$), defines a germ $\{ g=0\}$ which is analytically equivalent to the germ $\{ f=0\}$. In this note we compute $D(n,m)$ explicitly as $n(m-2)+1$. We also give an extension to the case in which $f$ is a quasihomogeneous polynomial. It was pointed out that the value of $D(n,m)$ was already known by \cite[Exercise 7.31]{D}.
Let $\mathcal X\to\mathbb D$ be a flat family of projective complex 3-folds over a disc $\mathbb D$ with smooth total space $\mathcal X$ and smooth general fibre $\mathcal X_t,$ and whose special fiber $\mathcal X_0$ has double normal crossing singularities, in particular, $\mathcal X_0=A\cup B$, with $A$, $B$ smooth threefolds intersecting transversally along a smooth surface $R=A\cap B.$ In this paper we first study the limit singularities of a $δ$--nodal surface in the general fibre $S_t\subset\mathcal X_t$, when $S_t$ tends to the central fibre in such a way its $δ$ nodes tend to distinct points in $R$. The result is that the limit surface $S_0$ is in general the union $S_0=S_A\cup S_B$, with $S_A\subset A$, $S_B\subset B$ smooth surfaces, intersecting on $R$ along a $δ$-nodal curve $C=S_A\cap R=S_B\cap B$. Then we prove that, under suitable conditions, a surface $S_0=S_A\cup S_B$ as above indeed deforms to a $δ$--nodal surface in the general fibre of $\mathcal X\to\mathbb D$. As applications we prove that there are regular irreducible components of the Severi variety of degree $d$ surfaces with $δ$ nodes in $\mathbb P^3$, for every $δ\leq {d-1\choose 2}$ and of the Severi variety of complete intersection $δ$-nodal surfaces of type $(d,h)$, with $d\geq h-1$ in $\mathbb P^4$, for every $δ\leq {{d+3}\choose 3}-{{d-h+1}\choose 3}-1.$
Severi varieties are the parameter spaces for curves with prescribed homology class and genus on a smooth surface. We describe their limits along degenerations of surfaces, with a view towards the enumeration of curves. This includes a complete proof of the Caporaso-Harris recursive formula, with all the necessary background on deformations of curves and singularities.
We prove that classes of rational curves on very general Enriques surfaces are always $2$-divisible. As a consequence, we prove that the Seshadri constant of any big and nef line bundle on a very general Enriques surface coincides with the value of the $ϕ$-function introduced by Cossec.
Let $(S,L)$ be a general polarized Enriques surface, with $L$ not numerically 2-divisible. We prove the existence of regular components of all Severi varieties of irreducible $δ$-nodal curves in the linear system $|L|$, with $0\leq δ\leq p_a(L)-1$. This solves a classical open problem and gives a positive answer to a recent conjecture of Pandharipande--Schmitt, under the additional condition of non-2-divisibility.
We give an explicit description of the irreducible components of the moduli spaces of polarized Enriques surfaces in terms of decompositions of the polarization as an effective sum of isotropic classes. We prove that infinitely many of these components are unirational (resp. uniruled). In particular, this applies to components of arbitrarily large genus $g$ and $ϕ$-invariant of the polarization.
We prove that the locus of Prym curves $(C,η)$ of genus $g \geq 5$ for which the Prym-canonical system $|ω_C(η)|$ is base point free but the Prym--canonical map is not an embedding is irreducible and unirational of dimension $2g+1$.
We prove that certain Severi varieties of nodal curves of positive genus on general blow-ups of the twofold symmetric product of a general elliptic curve are non-empty and smooth of the expected dimension. This result, besides its intrinsic value, is an important preliminary step for the proof of nonemptiness of Severi varieties on general Enriques surfaces in arXiv:2109.10735.
We compute the number of moduli of all irreducible components of the moduli space of smooth curves on Enriques surfaces. In most cases, the moduli maps to the moduli space of Prym curves are generically injective or dominant. Exceptional behaviour is related to existence of Enriques--Fano threefolds and to curves with nodal Prym-canonical model.
We consider modular properties of nodal curves on general $K3$ surfaces. Let $\mathcal{K}_p$ be the moduli space of primitively polarized $K3$ surfaces $(S,L)$ of genus $p\geqslant 3$ and $\mathcal{V}_{p,m,δ}\to \mathcal{K}_p$ be the universal Severi variety of $δ$--nodal irreducible curves in $|mL|$ on $(S,L)\in \mathcal{K}_p$. We find conditions on $p, m,δ$ for the existence of an irreducible component $\mathcal{V}$ of $\mathcal{V}_{p,m,δ}$ on which the moduli map $ψ: \mathcal{V}\to \mathcal{M}_g$ (with $g= m^2 (p -1) + 1-δ$) has generically maximal rank differential. Our results, which for any $p$ leave only finitely many cases unsolved and are optimal for $m\geqslant 5$ (except for very low values of $p$), are summarized in Theorem 1.1 in the introduction.
Let $(S,H)$ be a general primitively polarized $K3$ surface. We prove the existence of curves in $|\mathcal O_S(nH)|$ with $A_k$-singularities and corresponding to regular points of the equisingular deformation locus. Our result is optimal for $n=1$. As a corollary, we get the existence of elliptic curves in $|\mathcal O_S(nH)|$ with a cusp and nodes or a simple tacnode and nodes. We obtain our result by studying the versal deformation family of the $m$-tacnode. Finally, we give a regularity condition for families of curves with only $A_k$-singularities in $|\mathcal O_S(nH)|.$
We compute Seshadri constants $\eps(X):= \eps(Ø_X(1))$ on $K3$ surfaces $X$ of degrees 6 and 8. Moreover, more generally, we prove that if $X$ is any embedded $K3$ surface of degree $2r-2 \geq 8$ in $\PP^r$ not containing lines, then $1 < \eps(X) <2$ if and only if the homogeneous ideal of $X$ is not generated by only quadrics (in which case $\eps(X)=3/2$).
Let $(S,H)$ be a general primitively polarized $K3$ surface of genus $\p$ and let $p_a(nH)$ be the arithmetic genus of $nH.$ We prove the existence in $|\mathcal O_S(nH)|$ of curves with a triple point and $A_k$-singularities. In particular, we show the existence of curves of geometric genus $g$ in $|\mathcal O_S(nH)|$ with a triple point and nodes as singularities and corresponding to regular points of their equisingular deformation locus, for every $1\leq g\leq p_a(nH)-3$ and $(\p,n)\neq (4,1).$ Our result is obtained by studying the versal deformation space of a non-planar quadruple point.
Let $\mathcal S\to\mathbb A^1$ be a smooth family of surfaces whose general fibre is a smooth surface of $\mathbb P^3$ and whose special fibre has two smooth components, intersecting transversally along a smooth curve $R$. We consider the Universal Severi-Enriques variety $\mathcal V$ on $\mathcal S\to\mathbb A^1$. The general fibre of $\mathcal V$ is the variety of curves on $\mathcal S_t$ in the linear system $|\mathcal O_{\mathcal S_t}(n)|$ with $k$ cusps and $δ$ nodes as singularities. Our problem is to find all irreducible components of the special fibre of $\mathcal V$. In this paper, we consider only the cases $(k,δ)=(0,1)$ and $(k,δ)=(1,0)$. In particular, we determine all singular curves on the special fibre of $\mathcal S$ which, counted with the right multiplicity, are a limit of 1-cuspidal curves on the general fibre of $\mathcal S$.
Consider the family S of irreducible plane curves of degree n with d nodes and k cusps as singularities. Let W be an irreducible component of S. We consider the natural rational map from W to the moduli space of curves of genus g=(n-1)(n-2)/2-d-k. We define the "number of moduli of W" as the dimension of the image of W with respect to this map. If W has the expected dimension equal to 3n+g-1-k, then the number of moduli of W is at most equal to the min(3g-3, 3g-3+ρ-k), dove ρis the Brill-Neother number of the linear series of degree n and dimension 2 on a smooth curve of genus g. We say that W has the expected number of moduli if the equality holds. In this paper we construct examples of families of irreducible plane curves with nodes and cusps as singularities having expected number of moduli and with non-positive Brill-Noether number.
Let S be the variety of irreducible sextics with six cusps as singularities. Let W be one of irreducible components of W. Denoting by M_4 the space of moduli of smooth curves of genus 4, the moduli map of W is the rational map from W to M_4 sending the general point of W, corresponding to a plane curve D, to the point of M_4 parametrizing the normalization curve of D. The number of moduli of W is, by definition the dimension of the image of W with respect to the moduli map. We know that this number is at most equal to seven. In this paper we prove that both irreducible components of S have number of moduli exactly equal to seven.