arXiv subjects

Costantino Manes

Publications and source records attributed to Costantino Manes.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

On the large-scale vertical velocity intermittency of turbulent wall flows

Large-scale intermittency in the vertical velocity (LSI) has received significant attention in studies of coherent structures and their detection using data-driven approaches. However, a theory that predicts the origin of LSI from the Navier-Stokes equations or some approximated version of them at very high Reynolds numbers is yet to be achieved. This letter proposes such a theory for a neutrally stratified wall-bounded turbulent flow based on a dominant balance between inertial and pressure forces. Using multiple flume and wind tunnel experiments, it is shown that the flatness factor ($FF_w$) measuring LSI collapses to a universal trend for all flow configurations within the inertial sublayer (ISL) before reaching a common minimum value above the ISL. A theory that predicts $FF_w$ using second-order statistics and explicitly accommodates large-scale energy anisotropy is tested against a wide range of Reynolds numbers from laboratory to field settings with varied surface roughness conditions. The theory also demonstrates why $FF_w$ cannot be described using down-gradient closure approximations routinely employed in large-scale meteorological and climate models.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2024

The vertical velocity skewness in the atmospheric boundary layer without buoyancy and Coriolis effects

One of the main statistical features of near-neutral atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) turbulence is the positive vertical velocity skewness $Sk_w$ above the roughness sublayer or the buffer region in smooth-walls. The $Sk_w$ variations are receiving renewed interest in many climate-related parameterizations of the ABL given their significance to cloud formation and to testing sub-grid schemes for Large Eddy Simulations (LES). The vertical variations of $Sk_w$ are explored here using high Reynolds number wind tunnel and flume experiments collected above smooth, rough, and permeable-walls in the absence of buoyancy and Coriolis effects. These laboratory experiments form a necessary starting point to probe the canonical structure of $Sk_w$ as they deal with a key limiting case (i.e. near-neutral conditions) that has received much less attention compared to its convective counterpart in atmospheric turbulence studies. Diagnostic models based on cumulant expansions, realizability constraints, and the now-popular constant mass flux approach routinely employed in the convective boundary layer as well as prognostic models based on third-order budgets are used to explain variations in $Sk_w$ for the idealized laboratory conditions. The failure of flux-gradient relations to model $Sk_w$ from the gradients of the vertical velocity variance $σ_w^2$ are explained and corrections based on models of energy transport offered. Novel links between the diagnostic and prognostic models are also featured, especially for the inertial term in the third order budget of the vertical velocity fluctuation. The co-spectral properties of $w'/σ_w$ versus $w'^2/σ_w^2$ are also presented for the first time to assess the dominant scales governing $Sk_w$ in the inner and outer layers, where $w'$ is the fluctuating vertical velocity and $σ_w$ is the vertical velocity standard deviation.

physics.ao-ph↗

arXiv2024

The vertical-velocity skewness in the inertial sublayer of turbulent wall flows

We provide empirical evidence that within the inertial sub layer of adiabatic turbulent flows over smooth walls, the skewness of the vertical velocity component $Sk_w$ displays universal behaviour, being constant and constrained within the range $Sk_w \approx 0.1-0.16$, regardless of flow configuration and Reynolds number. A theoretical model is proposed to explain the observed behaviour, including the observed range of variations of $Sk_w$. The model clarifies why $Sk_w$ cannot be predicted from down-gradient closure approximations routinely employed in meteorological and climate models whereby $Sk_w$ impacts cloud formation and dispersion processes. The model also offers an alternative and implementable approach.

physics.flu-dyn↗

arXiv2024

Revisiting a drag partition model for canopy-like roughness elements

Turbulent flows over a large surface area (S) covered by n obstacles experience an overall drag due to the presence of the ground and the protruding obstacles into the flow. The drag partition between the roughness obstacles and the ground is analyzed using an analytical model proposed by Raupach (1992) and is hereafter referred to as R92. The R92 is based on the premise that the wake behind an isolated roughness element can be described by a shelter area A and a shelter volume V. The individual sizes of A and V without any interference from other obstacles can be determined from scaling analysis for the spread of wakes. To upscale from an individual roughness element to n/S elements where wakes may interact, R92 adopted a background stress re-normalizing instead of reducing A or V with each element addition. This work shows that R92's approach only converges to a linear reduction in A and V for small n/S where wakes have low probability of interacting with one another. This probabilistic nature suggests that up-scaling from individual to multiple roughness elements can be re-formulated using stochastic averaging methods proposed here. The two approaches are shown to recover R92 under plausible conditions. Comparisons between R92 and available data on blocks and vegetation-like roughness elements confirm the practical utility of R92 and its potential use in large-scale models provided the relevant parameters accommodate certain features of the roughness element type (cube versus vegetation-like) and, to a lesser extent, their configuration throughout S.

physics.flu-dyn↗