arXiv subjects

Cristina Bertone

Publications and source records attributed to Cristina Bertone.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Homogeneous Border Bases on Infinite Order Ideals

Border bases are traditionally restricted to 0-dimensional ideals due to the finiteness of the underlying order ideal. In this paper we extend the theory to homogeneous ideals of positive Krull dimension by introducing homogeneous border bases, defined relative to an infinite order ideal. Moreover, we provide two characterizations of these bases: one via border reductors and, most notably, one in terms of formal multiplication matrices. Although the latter condition a priori requires verification in infinitely many degrees, we prove that it is sufficient to check only finitely many of them, thereby obtaining an effective criterion.

math.AC↗

arXiv2025

Free resolutions and marked families

Let $\mathbb{K}$ be a field and $A$ a Noetherian $\mathbb{K}$-algebra. In a paper of 2020, M. Albert, C. Bertone, M. Roggero and W. M. Seiler proved that, given a quasi-stable module $U \subset R^m$ with $R=\mathbb{K}[x_0,\dots,x_n]$, any submodule $M\subseteq (R\otimes A)^m$ generated by a marked basis over $U$ admits a special free resolution described in terms of marked bases as well, called the {\em $U$-resolution of $M$}. In this paper, we first investigate the minimality of the $U$-resolution and its structure. When $M$ is an ideal and $A=\mathbb{K}$, we show that $M$ is componentwise linear if and only if its $U$-resolution is minimal, up to a linear change of variables. Then, adopting a functorial approach to the construction of the $U$-resolution, we prove that certain functors naturally associated with the resolution are isomorphic. These isomorphisms arise from the fact that the marked basis of the $i$-th syzygy module in the $U$-resolution can be expressed in terms of the coefficients of the marked basis of $M$. Moreover, when $M$ is an ideal of depth at least 2, this correspondence can be reversed: in this case, the marked basis of $M$ itself can be written in terms of the coefficients of the marked basis of its first syzygy module.

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arXiv2025

Hyperflex loci of hypersurfaces

The $k$-flex locus of a projective hypersurface $V\subset \mathbb P^n$ is the locus of points $p\in V$ such that there is a line with order of contact at least $k$ with $V$ at $p$. Unexpected contact orders occur when $k\ge n+1$. The case $k=n+1$ is known as the classical flex locus, which has been studied in details in the literature. This paper is dedicated to compute the dimension and the degree of the $k$-flex locus of a general degree $d$ hypersurface for any value of $k$. As a corollary, we compute the dimension and the degree of the biggest ruled subvariety of a general hypersurface. We show moreover that through a generic $k$-flex point passes a unique $k$-flex line and that this line has contact order exactly $k$ if $k\le d$. The proof is based on the computation of the top Chern class of a certain vector bundle of relative principal parts, inspired by and generalizing a work of Eisenbud and Harris.

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arXiv2024

Cohen-Macaulay, Gorenstein and complete intersection conditions by marked bases

Using techniques coming from the theory of marked bases, we develop new computational methods for detection and construction of Cohen-Macaulay, Gorenstein and complete intersection homogeneous polynomial ideals. Thanks to the functorial properties of marked bases, an elementary and effective proof of the openness of arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay, arithmetically Gorenstein and strict complete intersection loci in a Hilbert scheme follows, for a non-constant Hilbert polynomial.

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arXiv2024

Open Covers and Lex Points of Hilbert schemes over quotient rings via relative marked bases

We introduce the notion of a relative marked basis over quasi-stable ideals, together with constructive methods and a functorial interpretation, developing computational methods for the study of Hilbert schemes over quotients of polynomial rings. Then we focus on two applications. The first has a theoretical flavour and produces an explicit open cover of the Hilbert scheme when the quotient ring is Cohen-Macaulay on quasi-stable ideals. Together with relative marked bases, we use suitable general changes of variables which preserve the structure of the quasi-stable ideal, against the expectations. The second application has a computational flavour. When the quotient rings are Macaulay-Lex on quasi-stable ideals, we investigate the lex-point of the Hilbert schemes and find examples of both smooth and singular lex-points.

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arXiv2020

The close relation between border and Pommaret marked bases

Given a finite order ideal $\mathcal O$ in the polynomial ring $K[x_1,\dots, x_n]$ over a field $K$, let $\partial \mathcal O$ be the border of $\mathcal O$ and $\mathcal P_{\mathcal O}$ the Pommaret basis of the ideal generated by the terms outside $\mathcal O$. In the framework of reduction structures introduced by Ceria, Mora, Roggero in 2019, we investigate relations among $\partial\mathcal O$-marked sets (resp. bases) and $\mathcal P_{\mathcal O}$-marked sets (resp. bases). We prove that a $\partial\mathcal O$-marked set $B$ is a marked basis if and only if the $\mathcal P_{\mathcal O}$-marked set $P$ contained in $B$ is a marked basis and generates the same ideal as $B$. Using a functorial description of these marked bases, as a byproduct we obtain that the affine schemes respectively parameterizing $\partial\mathcal O$-marked bases and $\mathcal P_{\mathcal O}$-marked bases are isomorphic. We are able to describe this isomorphism as a projection that can be explicitly constructed without the use of Gröbner elimination techniques. In particular, we obtain a straightforward embedding of border schemes in smaller affine spaces. Furthermore, we observe that Pommaret marked schemes give an open covering of punctual Hilbert schemes. Several examples are given along all the paper.

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arXiv2019

On the Quot scheme $\mathrm{Quot}_{\mathcal O_{\mathbb P^1}^r/\mathbb P^1/k}^d$

We consider the quot scheme $\mathrm{Quot}^d_{\mathcal F^r/ \mathbb P^1/ k}$ of locally free quotients of $\mathcal F^r:= \bigoplus ^{ r} \mathcal O_{\mathbb P^1 }$ with Hilbert polynomial $p(t)=d$. We prove that it is a smooth variety of dimension $dr$, locally isomorphic to $\mathbb A^{dr}$. We introduce a new notion of support for modules in $\mathrm{Quot}^d_{\mathcal F^r/ \mathbb P^1/ k}$, called Hilb-support that allows us to define a natural surjective morphism of schemes $ξ:\mathrm{Quot}^d_{\mathcal F^r/ \mathbb P^1/ k} \to \mathrm{Hilb}^d_{\mathcal O_{\mathbb P^1}} $ associating to each module its Hilb-support and study the fibres of $ξ$ over each $k$-point $Z$ of $\mathrm{Hilb}^d_{\mathcal O_{\mathbb P^1}}$. If $Z=Y_1+\dots+Y_n$, with $Y_j=t_jR_j$, where $R_1, \dots, R_n$ are distinct points, the fibre of $ξ$ over $Z$ is isomorphic to $\mathrm{Quot}^{t_1}_{\mathcal F\otimes \mathcal O_{Y_1}/ Y_1/ k}\times\dots \times \mathrm{Quot}^{t_n}_{\mathcal F\otimes \mathcal O_{Y_n}/ Y_n/ k}$. We then study the Quot scheme $\mathrm{Quot}^{t}_{\mathcal F^r\otimes \mathcal O_{Y}/ Y/ k}$ with $Y=tR$. For $t=1$, $\mathrm{Quot}^{t}_{\mathcal F^r\otimes \mathcal O_{Y}/ Y/ k}$ is isomorphic to $\mathbb P^{r-1}$, while for $t\geq 2$ we prove that it is formed by a main irreducible, reduced and singular component of dimension $t(r-1)$ and by some embedded component of lower dimension.

math.AG↗

arXiv2019

On almost revlex ideals with Hilbert function of complete intersections

In this paper, we investigate the behavior of almost reverse lexicographic ideals with the Hilbert function of a complete intersection. More precisely, over a field $K$, we give a new constructive proof of the existence of the almost revlex ideal $J\subset K[x_1,\dots,x_n]$, with the same Hilbert function as a complete intersection defined by $n$ forms of degrees $d_1\leq \dots \leq d_n$. Properties of the reduction numbers for an almost revlex ideal have an important role in our inductive and constructive proof, which is different from the more general construction given by Pardue in 2010. We also detect several cases in which an almost revlex ideal having the same Hilbert function as a complete intersection corresponds to a singular point in a Hilbert scheme. This second result is the outcome of a more general study of lower bounds for the dimension of the tangent space to a Hilbert scheme at stable ideals, in terms of the number of minimal generators.

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arXiv2018

Computing Quot schemes via marked bases over quasi-stable modules

Let $ \Bbbk$ be a field of arbitrary characteristic, $A$ a Noetherian $ \Bbbk$-algebra and consider the polynomial ring $A[\mathbf x]=A[x_0,\dots,x_n]$. We consider homogeneous submodules of $A[\mathbf x]^m$ having a special set of generators: a marked basis over a quasi-stable module. Such a marked basis inherits several good properties of a Gröbner basis, including a Noetherian reduction relation. The set of submodules of $A[\mathbf x]^m$ having a marked basis over a given quasi-stable module has an affine scheme structure that we are able to exhibit. Furthermore, the syzygies of a module generated by such a marked basis are generated by a marked basis, too (over a suitable quasi-stable module in $\oplus^{m'}_{i=1} A[\mathbf x](-d_i)$). We apply the construction of marked bases and related properties to the investigation of Quot functors (and schemes). More precisely, for a given Hilbert polynomial, we can explicitely construct (up to the action of a general linear group) an open cover of the corresponding Quot functor made up of open functors represented by affine schemes. This gives a new proof that the Quot functor is the functor of points of a scheme. We also exhibit a procedure to obtain the equations defining a given Quot scheme as a subscheme of a suitable Grassmannian. Thanks to the good behaviour of marked bases with respect to Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity, we can adapt our methods in order to study the locus of the Quot scheme given by an upper bound on the regularity of its points.

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arXiv2018

Functors of Liftings of Projective Schemes

A classical approach to investigate a closed projective scheme $W$ consists of considering a general hyperplane section of $W$, which inherits many properties of $W$. The inverse problem that consists in finding a scheme $W$ starting from a possible hyperplane section $Y$ is called a {\em lifting problem}, and every such scheme $W$ is called a {\em lifting} of $Y$. Investigations in this topic can produce methods to obtain schemes with specific properties. For example, any smooth point for $Y$ is smooth also for $W$. We characterize all the liftings of $Y$ with a given Hilbert polynomial by a parameter scheme that is obtained by gluing suitable affine open subschemes in a Hilbert scheme and is described through the functor it represents. We use constructive methods from Gröbner and marked bases theories. Furthermore, by classical tools we obtain an analogous result for equidimensional liftings. Examples of explicit computations are provided.

math.AG↗

arXiv2017

Smoothable Gorenstein points via marked schemes and double-generic initial ideals

Over an infinite field $K$ with $\mathrm{char}(K)\neq 2,3$, we investigate smoothable Gorenstein $K$-points in a punctual Hilbert scheme from a new point of view, which is based on properties of double-generic initial ideals and of marked schemes. We obtain the following results: (i) points defined by graded Gorenstein $K$-algebras with Hilbert function $(1,7,7,1)$ are smoothable, in the further hypothesis that $K$ is algebraically closed; (ii) the Hilbert scheme $\mathrm{Hilb}_{16}^7$ has at least three irreducible components. The properties of marked schemes give us a simple method to compute the Zariski tangent space to a Hilbert scheme at a given $K$-point, which is very useful in this context. Over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$, we also test our tools to find the already known result that points defined by graded Gorenstein $K$-algebras with Hilbert function $(1,5,5,1)$ are smoothable. In characteristic zero, all the results about smoothable points also hold for local Artin Gorenstein $K$-algebras.

math.AG↗

arXiv2017

Macaulay-like marked bases

We define marked sets and bases over a quasi-stable ideal $\mathfrak j$ in a polynomial ring on a Noetherian $K$-algebra, with $K$ a field of any characteristic. The involved polynomials may be non-homogeneous, but their degree is bounded from above by the maximum among the degrees of the terms in the Pommaret basis of $\mathfrak j$ and a given integer $m$. Due to the combinatorial properties of quasi-stable ideals, these bases behave well with respect to homogenization, similarly to Macaulay bases. We prove that the family of marked bases over a given quasi-stable ideal has an affine scheme structure, is flat and, for large enough $m$, is an open subset of a Hilbert scheme. Our main results lead to algorithms that explicitly construct such a family. We compare our method with similar ones and give some complexity results.

math.AC↗

arXiv2016

Double-Generic Initial Ideal and Hilbert Scheme

Following the approach in the book "Commutative Algebra", by D. Eisenbud, where the author describes the generic initial ideal by means of a suitable total order on the terms of an exterior power, we introduce first the generic initial extensor of a subset of a Grassmannian and then the double-generic initial ideal of a so-called GL-stable subset of a Hilbert scheme. We discuss the features of these new notions and introduce also a partial order which gives another useful description of them. The double-generic initial ideals turn out to be the appropriate points to understand some geometric properties of a Hilbert scheme: they provide a necessary condition for a Borel ideal to correspond to a point of a given irreducible component, lower bounds for the number of irreducible components in a Hilbert scheme and the maximal Hilbert function in every irreducible component. Moreover, we prove that every isolated component having a smooth double-generic initial ideal is rational. As a byproduct, we prove that the Cohen-Macaulay locus of the Hilbert scheme parameterizing subschemes of codimension 2 is the union of open subsets isomorphic to affine spaces. This improves results by J. Fogarty (1968) and R. Treger (1989).

math.AG↗

arXiv2015

The scheme of liftings and applications

We study the locus of the liftings of a homogeneous ideal $H$ in a polynomial ring over any field. We prove that this locus can be endowed with a structure of scheme $\mathrm L_H$ by applying the constructive methods of Gröbner bases, for any given term order. Indeed, this structure does not depend on the term order, since it can be defined as the scheme representing the functor of liftings of $H$. We also provide an explicit isomorphism between the schemes corresponding to two different term orders. Our approach allows to embed $\mathrm L_H$ in a Hilbert scheme as a locally closed subscheme, and, over an infinite field, leads to find interesting topological properties, as for instance that $\mathrm L_H$ is connected and that its locus of radical liftings is open. Moreover, we show that every ideal defining an arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay scheme of codimension two has a radical lifting, giving in particular an answer to an open question posed by L. G. Roberts in 1989.

math.AG↗

arXiv2015

Quasi-Stable ideals and Borel-fixed ideals with a given Hilbert Polynomial

The present paper investigates properties of quasi-stable ideals and of Borel-fixed ideals in a polynomial ring $k[x_0,\dots,x_n]$, in order to design two algorithms: the first one takes as input $n$ and an admissible Hilbert polynomial $P(z)$, and outputs the complete list of saturated quasi-stable ideals in the chosen polynomial ring with the given Hilbert polynomial. The second algorithm has an extra input, the characteristic of the field $k$, and outputs the complete list of saturated Borel-fixed ideals in $k[x_0,\dots,x_n]$ with Hilbert polynomial $P(z)$. The key tool for the proof of both algorithms is the combinatorial structure of a quasi-stable ideal, in particular we use a special set of generators for the considered ideals, the Pommaret basis.

math.AC↗

arXiv2014

The locus of points of the Hilbert scheme with bounded regularity

In this paper we consider the Hilbert scheme $Hilb_{p(t)}^n$ parameterizing subschemes of $P^n$ with Hilbert polynomial $p(t)$, and we investigate its locus containing points corresponding to schemes with regularity lower than or equal to a fixed integer $r'$. This locus is an open subscheme of $Hilb_{p(t)}^n$ and, for every $s\geq r'$, we describe it as a locally closed subscheme of the Grasmannian $Gr_{p(s)}^{N(s)}$ given by a set of equations of degree $\leq \mathrm{deg}(p(t))+2$ and linear inequalities in the coordinates of the Plücker embedding.

math.AG↗

arXiv2013

A Borel open cover of the Hilbert scheme

Let $p(t)$ be an admissible Hilbert polynomial in $\PP^n$ of degree $d$. The Hilbert scheme $\hilb^n_p(t)$ can be realized as a closed subscheme of a suitable Grassmannian $ \mathbb G$, hence it could be globally defined by homogeneous equations in the Plucker coordinates of $ \mathbb G$ and covered by open subsets given by the non-vanishing of a Plucker coordinate, each embedded as a closed subscheme of the affine space $A^D$, $D=\dim(\mathbb G)$. However, the number $E$ of Plucker coordinates is so large that effective computations in this setting are practically impossible. In this paper, taking advantage of the symmetries of $\hilb^n_p(t)$, we exhibit a new open cover, consisting of marked schemes over Borel-fixed ideals, whose number is significantly smaller than $E$. Exploiting the properties of marked schemes, we prove that these open subsets are defined by equations of degree $\leq d+2$ in their natural embedding in $\Af^D$. Furthermore we find new embeddings in affine spaces of far lower dimension than $D$, and characterize those that are still defined by equations of degree $\leq d+2$. The proofs are constructive and use a polynomial reduction process, similar to the one for Grobner bases, but are term order free. In this new setting, we can achieve explicit computations in many non-trivial cases.

math.AG↗

arXiv2012

Upgraded methods for the effective computation of marked schemes on a strongly stable ideal

Let $J\subset S=K[x_0,...,x_n]$ be a monomial strongly stable ideal. The collection $\Mf(J)$ of the homogeneous polynomial ideals $I$, such that the monomials outside $J$ form a $K$-vector basis of $S/I$, is called a {\em $J$-marked family}. It can be endowed with a structure of affine scheme, called a {\em $J$-marked scheme}. For special ideals $J$, $J$-marked schemes provide an open cover of the Hilbert scheme $\hilbp$, where $p(t)$ is the Hilbert polynomial of $S/J$. Those ideals more suitable to this aim are the $m$-truncation ideals $\underline{J}_{\geq m}$ generated by the monomials of degree $\geq m$ in a saturated strongly stable monomial ideal $\underline{J}$. Exploiting a characterization of the ideals in $\Mf(\underline{J}_{\geq m})$ in terms of a Buchberger-like criterion, we compute the equations defining the $\underline{J}_{\geq m}$-marked scheme by a new reduction relation, called {\em superminimal reduction}, and obtain an embedding of $\Mf(\underline{J}_{\geq m})$ in an affine space of low dimension. In this setting, explicit computations are achievable in many non-trivial cases. Moreover, for every $m$, we give a closed embedding $ϕ_m: \Mf(\underline{J}_{\geq m})\hookrightarrow \Mf(\underline{J}_{\geq m+1})$, characterize those $ϕ_m$ that are isomorphisms in terms of the monomial basis of $\underline{J}$, especially we characterize the minimum integer $m_0$ such that $ϕ_m$ is an isomorphism for every $m\geq m_0$.

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