arXiv subjects

Cunhang Fan

Publications and source records attributed to Cunhang Fan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Beyond Speech: Dual-Domain SSL Fusion for Unified All-Type Audio Deepfake Detection

Unified all-type audio deepfake detection aims to determine whether an input clip is real or fake when its audio type may be speech, environmental sound, singing voice, or music. Existing speech-centric or type-dependent solutions are insufficient for this setting because the test-time audio type is unknown, while the required output is still a single binary decision. To address these issues, this paper proposes a dual-domain SSL fusion method that maps heterogeneous audio into a shared binary authenticity space. EAT-large and wav2vec 2.0 XLS-R-300M are used as complementary SSL feature sources, providing broad acoustic and event-level representations as well as waveform-level, vocal, and speech-sensitive representations. Layer-wise weighted fusion integrates multi-level artifacts from different transformer depths, while token-level fusion forms a unified feature pool without enforcing frame-level alignment between the two SSL streams. The fused tokens are summarized by multi-head attentive statistics pooling and classified with a binary MLP head. With conservative speech refinement applied on top of this unified core detector, the submitted system achieves 95.58% Macro-F1 on the AT-ADD Track 2 evaluation set and ranks second in the challenge.

eess.AS↗

arXiv2026

DBHN-Net: Dual-Branch Hybrid Neural Network For Low-Complexity Monaural Speech Enhancement

Although artificial neural network (ANN) based speech enhancement (SE) methods demonstrate excellent performance, the high computational complexity and high energy consumption hinder their deployment in practical front-end processing tasks.} Currently, the spiking neural networks (SNNs) have shown potential in reducing power consumption. However, the discrete binary activation and complex spatio-temporal dynamics of SNNs often result in information loss. The current challenge therefore focuses on how to maintain performance and reduce computational complexity. To address this issue, this work propose a Dual-Branch Hybrid Neural (DBHN) Network. 1) In terms of network architecture: A dual-branch network integrating ANN and SNN was designed, where the SNN branch reduces power consumption while the ANN branch addresses information loss; The BandSplit and Time-Frequency (TF) -Mamba modules were developed to simultaneously compress energy consumption and enhance model performance; Spiking Feature Extraction Group (SFEG) and Information Transformation Block (ITB) components were implemented with residual connections to mitigate information loss while further refining feature representations. 2) To facilitate inter-branch information fusion: An Interaction module was designed to promote information exchange at various stages of the dual-branch network; A TF-Cross Attention-Fusion module was designed to perform time-frequency domain fusion of dual-branch information while data-adaptively guiding the SNN branch to retain more critical information. Results show that the proposed model maintains superior performance across three public datasets while achieving an average 7.5 fold reduction in computational complexity compared to baseline models.

cs.SD↗

arXiv2026

RTCFake: Speech Deepfake Detection in Real-Time Communication

With the rapid advancement of speech generation technologies, the threat posed by speech deepfakes in real-time communication (RTC) scenarios has intensified. However, existing detection studies mainly focus on offline simulations and struggle to cope with the complex distortions introduced during RTC transmission, including unknown speech enhancement processes (e.g., noise suppression) and codec compression. To address this challenge, we present the first large-scale speech deepfake dataset tailored for RTC scenarios, termed \textit{RTCFake}, totaling approximately 600 hours. The dataset is constructed by transmitting speech through multiple mainstream social media and conferencing platforms (e.g., Zoom), enabling precise pairing between offline and online speech. In addition, we propose a phoneme-guided consistency learning (PCL) strategy that enforces models to learn platform-invariant semantic structural representations. In this paper, the RTCFake dataset is divided into training, development, and evaluation sets. The evaluation set further includes both unseen RTC platforms and unseen complex noise conditions, thereby providing a more realistic and challenging evaluation benchmark for speech deepfake detection. Furthermore, the proposed PCL strategy achieves significant improvements in both cross-platform generalization and noise robustness, offering an effective and generalizable modeling paradigm. The \textit{RTCFake} dataset is provided in the {https://huggingface.co/datasets/JunXueTech/RTCFake}.

cs.SD↗

arXiv2025

DMF2Mel: A Dynamic Multiscale Fusion Network for EEG-Driven Mel Spectrogram Reconstruction

Decoding speech from brain signals is a challenging research problem. Although existing technologies have made progress in reconstructing the mel spectrograms of auditory stimuli at the word or letter level, there remain core challenges in the precise reconstruction of minute-level continuous imagined speech: traditional models struggle to balance the efficiency of temporal dependency modeling and information retention in long-sequence decoding. To address this issue, this paper proposes the Dynamic Multiscale Fusion Network (DMF2Mel), which consists of four core components: the Dynamic Contrastive Feature Aggregation Module (DC-FAM), the Hierarchical Attention-Guided Multi-Scale Network (HAMS-Net), the SplineMap attention mechanism, and the bidirectional state space module (convMamba). Specifically, the DC-FAM separates speech-related "foreground features" from noisy "background features" through local convolution and global attention mechanisms, effectively suppressing interference and enhancing the representation of transient signals. HAMS-Net, based on the U-Net framework,achieves cross-scale fusion of high-level semantics and low-level details. The SplineMap attention mechanism integrates the Adaptive Gated Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (AGKAN) to combine global context modeling with spline-based local fitting. The convMamba captures long-range temporal dependencies with linear complexity and enhances nonlinear dynamic modeling capabilities. Results on the SparrKULee dataset show that DMF2Mel achieves a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.074 in mel spectrogram reconstruction for known subjects (a 48% improvement over the baseline) and 0.048 for unknown subjects (a 35% improvement over the baseline).Code is available at: https://github.com/fchest/DMF2Mel.

cs.SD↗

arXiv2025

RPRA-ADD: Forgery Trace Enhancement-Driven Audio Deepfake Detection

Existing methods for deepfake audio detection have demonstrated some effectiveness. However, they still face challenges in generalizing to new forgery techniques and evolving attack patterns. This limitation mainly arises because the models rely heavily on the distribution of the training data and fail to learn a decision boundary that captures the essential characteristics of forgeries. Additionally, relying solely on a classification loss makes it difficult to capture the intrinsic differences between real and fake audio. In this paper, we propose the RPRA-ADD, an integrated Reconstruction-Perception-Reinforcement-Attention networks based forgery trace enhancement-driven robust audio deepfake detection framework. First, we propose a Global-Local Forgery Perception (GLFP) module for enhancing the acoustic perception capacity of forgery traces. To significantly reinforce the feature space distribution differences between real and fake audio, the Multi-stage Dispersed Enhancement Loss (MDEL) is designed, which implements a dispersal strategy in multi-stage feature spaces. Furthermore, in order to enhance feature awareness towards forgery traces, the Fake Trace Focused Attention (FTFA) mechanism is introduced to adjust attention weights dynamically according to the reconstruction discrepancy matrix. Visualization experiments not only demonstrate that FTFA improves attention to voice segments, but also enhance the generalization capability. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on 4 benchmark datasets, including ASVspoof2019, ASVspoof2021, CodecFake, and FakeSound, achieving over 20% performance improvement. In addition, it outperforms existing methods in rigorous 3*3 cross-domain evaluations across Speech, Sound, and Singing, demonstrating strong generalization capability across diverse audio domains.

cs.SD↗

arXiv2025

M3ANet: Multi-scale and Multi-Modal Alignment Network for Brain-Assisted Target Speaker Extraction

The brain-assisted target speaker extraction (TSE) aims to extract the attended speech from mixed speech by utilizing the brain neural activities, for example Electroencephalography (EEG). However, existing models overlook the issue of temporal misalignment between speech and EEG modalities, which hampers TSE performance. In addition, the speech encoder in current models typically uses basic temporal operations (e.g., one-dimensional convolution), which are unable to effectively extract target speaker information. To address these issues, this paper proposes a multi-scale and multi-modal alignment network (M3ANet) for brain-assisted TSE. Specifically, to eliminate the temporal inconsistency between EEG and speech modalities, the modal alignment module that uses a contrastive learning strategy is applied to align the temporal features of both modalities. Additionally, to fully extract speech information, multi-scale convolutions with GroupMamba modules are used as the speech encoder, which scans speech features at each scale from different directions, enabling the model to capture deep sequence information. Experimental results on three publicly available datasets show that the proposed model outperforms current state-of-the-art methods across various evaluation metrics, highlighting the effectiveness of our proposed method. The source code is available at: https://github.com/fchest/M3ANet.

eess.AS↗

arXiv2025

MHANet: Multi-scale Hybrid Attention Network for Auditory Attention Detection

Auditory attention detection (AAD) aims to detect the target speaker in a multi-talker environment from brain signals, such as electroencephalography (EEG), which has made great progress. However, most AAD methods solely utilize attention mechanisms sequentially and overlook valuable multi-scale contextual information within EEG signals, limiting their ability to capture long-short range spatiotemporal dependencies simultaneously. To address these issues, this paper proposes a multi-scale hybrid attention network (MHANet) for AAD, which consists of the multi-scale hybrid attention (MHA) module and the spatiotemporal convolution (STC) module. Specifically, MHA combines channel attention and multi-scale temporal and global attention mechanisms. This effectively extracts multi-scale temporal patterns within EEG signals and captures long-short range spatiotemporal dependencies simultaneously. To further improve the performance of AAD, STC utilizes temporal and spatial convolutions to aggregate expressive spatiotemporal representations. Experimental results show that the proposed MHANet achieves state-of-the-art performance with fewer trainable parameters across three datasets, 3 times lower than that of the most advanced model. Code is available at: https://github.com/fchest/MHANet.

cs.HC↗

arXiv2025

ListenNet: A Lightweight Spatio-Temporal Enhancement Nested Network for Auditory Attention Detection

Auditory attention detection (AAD) aims to identify the direction of the attended speaker in multi-speaker environments from brain signals, such as Electroencephalography (EEG) signals. However, existing EEG-based AAD methods overlook the spatio-temporal dependencies of EEG signals, limiting their decoding and generalization abilities. To address these issues, this paper proposes a Lightweight Spatio-Temporal Enhancement Nested Network (ListenNet) for AAD. The ListenNet has three key components: Spatio-temporal Dependency Encoder (STDE), Multi-scale Temporal Enhancement (MSTE), and Cross-Nested Attention (CNA). The STDE reconstructs dependencies between consecutive time windows across channels, improving the robustness of dynamic pattern extraction. The MSTE captures temporal features at multiple scales to represent both fine-grained and long-range temporal patterns. In addition, the CNA integrates hierarchical features more effectively through novel dynamic attention mechanisms to capture deep spatio-temporal correlations. Experimental results on three public datasets demonstrate the superiority of ListenNet over state-of-the-art methods in both subject-dependent and challenging subject-independent settings, while reducing the trainable parameter count by approximately 7 times. Code is available at:https://github.com/fchest/ListenNet.

cs.HC↗

arXiv2025

Improved Feature Extraction Network for Neuro-Oriented Target Speaker Extraction

The recent rapid development of auditory attention decoding (AAD) offers the possibility of using electroencephalography (EEG) as auxiliary information for target speaker extraction. However, effectively modeling long sequences of speech and resolving the identity of the target speaker from EEG signals remains a major challenge. In this paper, an improved feature extraction network (IFENet) is proposed for neuro-oriented target speaker extraction, which mainly consists of a speech encoder with dual-path Mamba and an EEG encoder with Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KAN). We propose SpeechBiMamba, which makes use of dual-path Mamba in modeling local and global speech sequences to extract speech features. In addition, we propose EEGKAN to effectively extract EEG features that are closely related to the auditory stimuli and locate the target speaker through the subject's attention information. Experiments on the KUL and AVED datasets show that IFENet outperforms the state-of-the-art model, achieving 36\% and 29\% relative improvements in terms of scale-invariant signal-to-distortion ratio (SI-SDR) under an open evaluation condition.

cs.SD↗

arXiv2025

SSM2Mel: State Space Model to Reconstruct Mel Spectrogram from the EEG

Decoding speech from brain signals is a challenging research problem that holds significant importance for studying speech processing in the brain. Although breakthroughs have been made in reconstructing the mel spectrograms of audio stimuli perceived by subjects at the word or letter level using noninvasive electroencephalography (EEG), there is still a critical gap in precisely reconstructing continuous speech features, especially at the minute level. To address this issue, this paper proposes a State Space Model (SSM) to reconstruct the mel spectrogram of continuous speech from EEG, named SSM2Mel. This model introduces a novel Mamba module to effectively model the long sequence of EEG signals for imagined speech. In the SSM2Mel model, the S4-UNet structure is used to enhance the extraction of local features of EEG signals, and the Embedding Strength Modulator (ESM) module is used to incorporate subject-specific information. Experimental results show that our model achieves a Pearson correlation of 0.069 on the SparrKULee dataset, which is a 38% improvement over the previous baseline.

eess.SP↗

arXiv2024

BSDB-Net: Band-Split Dual-Branch Network with Selective State Spaces Mechanism for Monaural Speech Enhancement

Although the complex spectrum-based speech enhancement(SE) methods have achieved significant performance, coupling amplitude and phase can lead to a compensation effect, where amplitude information is sacrificed to compensate for the phase that is harmful to SE. In addition, to further improve the performance of SE, many modules are stacked onto SE, resulting in increased model complexity that limits the application of SE. To address these problems, we proposed a dual-path network based on compressed frequency using Mamba. First, we extract amplitude and phase information through parallel dual branches. This approach leverages structured complex spectra to implicitly capture phase information and solves the compensation effect by decoupling amplitude and phase, and the network incorporates an interaction module to suppress unnecessary parts and recover missing components from the other branch. Second, to reduce network complexity, the network introduces a band-split strategy to compress the frequency dimension. To further reduce complexity while maintaining good performance, we designed a Mamba-based module that models the time and frequency dimensions under linear complexity. Finally, compared to baselines, our model achieves an average 8.3 times reduction in computational complexity while maintaining superior performance. Furthermore, it achieves a 25 times reduction in complexity compared to transformer-based models.

cs.SD↗

arXiv2024

Region-Based Optimization in Continual Learning for Audio Deepfake Detection

Rapid advancements in speech synthesis and voice conversion bring convenience but also new security risks, creating an urgent need for effective audio deepfake detection. Although current models perform well, their effectiveness diminishes when confronted with the diverse and evolving nature of real-world deepfakes. To address this issue, we propose a continual learning method named Region-Based Optimization (RegO) for audio deepfake detection. Specifically, we use the Fisher information matrix to measure important neuron regions for real and fake audio detection, dividing them into four regions. First, we directly fine-tune the less important regions to quickly adapt to new tasks. Next, we apply gradient optimization in parallel for regions important only to real audio detection, and in orthogonal directions for regions important only to fake audio detection. For regions that are important to both, we use sample proportion-based adaptive gradient optimization. This region-adaptive optimization ensures an appropriate trade-off between memory stability and learning plasticity. Additionally, to address the increase of redundant neurons from old tasks, we further introduce the Ebbinghaus forgetting mechanism to release them, thereby promoting the capability of the model to learn more generalized discriminative features. Experimental results show our method achieves a 21.3% improvement in EER over the state-of-the-art continual learning approach RWM for audio deepfake detection. Moreover, the effectiveness of RegO extends beyond the audio deepfake detection domain, showing potential significance in other tasks, such as image recognition. The code is available at https://github.com/cyjie429/RegO

cs.SD↗

arXiv2024

Mitigating Gender Bias in Code Large Language Models via Model Editing

In recent years, with the maturation of large language model (LLM) technology and the emergence of high-quality programming code datasets, researchers have become increasingly confident in addressing the challenges of program synthesis automatically. However, since most of the training samples for LLMs are unscreened, it is inevitable that LLMs' performance may not align with real-world scenarios, leading to the presence of social bias. To evaluate and quantify the gender bias in code LLMs, we propose a dataset named CodeGenBias (Gender Bias in the Code Generation) and an evaluation metric called FB-Score (Factual Bias Score) based on the actual gender distribution of correlative professions. With the help of CodeGenBias and FB-Score, we evaluate and analyze the gender bias in eight mainstream Code LLMs. Previous work has demonstrated that model editing methods that perform well in knowledge editing have the potential to mitigate social bias in LLMs. Therefore, we develop a model editing approach named MG-Editing (Multi-Granularity model Editing), which includes the locating and editing phases. Our model editing method MG-Editing can be applied at five different levels of model parameter granularity: full parameters level, layer level, module level, row level, and neuron level. Extensive experiments not only demonstrate that our MG-Editing can effectively mitigate the gender bias in code LLMs while maintaining their general code generation capabilities, but also showcase its excellent generalization. At the same time, the experimental results show that, considering both the gender bias of the model and its general code generation capability, MG-Editing is most effective when applied at the row and neuron levels of granularity.

cs.SE↗

arXiv2024

LiSenNet: Lightweight Sub-band and Dual-Path Modeling for Real-Time Speech Enhancement

Speech enhancement (SE) aims to extract the clean waveform from noise-contaminated measurements to improve the speech quality and intelligibility. Although learning-based methods can perform much better than traditional counterparts, the large computational complexity and model size heavily limit the deployment on latency-sensitive and low-resource edge devices. In this work, we propose a lightweight SE network (LiSenNet) for real-time applications. We design sub-band downsampling and upsampling blocks and a dual-path recurrent module to capture band-aware features and time-frequency patterns, respectively. A noise detector is developed to detect noisy regions in order to perform SE adaptively and save computational costs. Compared to recent higher-resource-dependent baseline models, the proposed LiSenNet can achieve a competitive performance with only 37k parameters (half of the state-of-the-art model) and 56M multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations per second.

eess.AS↗

arXiv2024

Pruning via Merging: Compressing LLMs via Manifold Alignment Based Layer Merging

While large language models (LLMs) excel in many domains, their complexity and scale challenge deployment in resource-limited environments. Current compression techniques, such as parameter pruning, often fail to effectively utilize the knowledge from pruned parameters. To address these challenges, we propose Manifold-Based Knowledge Alignment and Layer Merging Compression (MKA), a novel approach that uses manifold learning and the Normalized Pairwise Information Bottleneck (NPIB) measure to merge similar layers, reducing model size while preserving essential performance. We evaluate MKA on multiple benchmark datasets and various LLMs. Our findings show that MKA not only preserves model performance but also achieves substantial compression ratios, outperforming traditional pruning methods. Moreover, when coupled with quantization, MKA delivers even greater compression. Specifically, on the MMLU dataset using the Llama3-8B model, MKA achieves a compression ratio of 43.75% with a minimal performance decrease of only 2.82\%. The proposed MKA method offers a resource-efficient and performance-preserving model compression technique for LLMs.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2024

UNO Arena for Evaluating Sequential Decision-Making Capability of Large Language Models

Sequential decision-making refers to algorithms that take into account the dynamics of the environment, where early decisions affect subsequent decisions. With large language models (LLMs) demonstrating powerful capabilities between tasks, we can't help but ask: Can Current LLMs Effectively Make Sequential Decisions? In order to answer this question, we propose the UNO Arena based on the card game UNO to evaluate the sequential decision-making capability of LLMs and explain in detail why we choose UNO. In UNO Arena, We evaluate the sequential decision-making capability of LLMs dynamically with novel metrics based Monte Carlo methods. We set up random players, DQN-based reinforcement learning players, and LLM players (e.g. GPT-4, Gemini-pro) for comparison testing. Furthermore, in order to improve the sequential decision-making capability of LLMs, we propose the TUTRI player, which can involves having LLMs reflect their own actions wtih the summary of game history and the game strategy. Numerous experiments demonstrate that the TUTRI player achieves a notable breakthrough in the performance of sequential decision-making compared to the vanilla LLM player.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2024

Frequency-mix Knowledge Distillation for Fake Speech Detection

In the telephony scenarios, the fake speech detection (FSD) task to combat speech spoofing attacks is challenging. Data augmentation (DA) methods are considered effective means to address the FSD task in telephony scenarios, typically divided into time domain and frequency domain stages. While each has its advantages, both can result in information loss. To tackle this issue, we propose a novel DA method, Frequency-mix (Freqmix), and introduce the Freqmix knowledge distillation (FKD) to enhance model information extraction and generalization abilities. Specifically, we use Freqmix-enhanced data as input for the teacher model, while the student model's input undergoes time-domain DA method. We use a multi-level feature distillation approach to restore information and improve the model's generalization capabilities. Our approach achieves state-of-the-art results on ASVspoof 2021 LA dataset, showing a 31\% improvement over baseline and performs competitively on ASVspoof 2021 DF dataset.

cs.SD↗

arXiv2024

RawBMamba: End-to-End Bidirectional State Space Model for Audio Deepfake Detection

Fake artefacts for discriminating between bonafide and fake audio can exist in both short- and long-range segments. Therefore, combining local and global feature information can effectively discriminate between bonafide and fake audio. This paper proposes an end-to-end bidirectional state space model, named RawBMamba, to capture both short- and long-range discriminative information for audio deepfake detection. Specifically, we use sinc Layer and multiple convolutional layers to capture short-range features, and then design a bidirectional Mamba to address Mamba's unidirectional modelling problem and further capture long-range feature information. Moreover, we develop a bidirectional fusion module to integrate embeddings, enhancing audio context representation and combining short- and long-range information. The results show that our proposed RawBMamba achieves a 34.1\% improvement over Rawformer on ASVspoof2021 LA dataset, and demonstrates competitive performance on other datasets.

cs.SD↗