arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Dániel Gerbner.
The book with $t$ pages is the graph on $t+2$ vertices consisting of $t$ triangles which intersect at exactly one common edge. For a given graph $F$, the $r$-expansion $F^r$ of $F$ is the $r$-uniform hypergraph obtained from $F$ by adding $r-2$ distinct new vertices to each edge of $F$. We determine the Turán number of the 3-expansion of the book graph for sufficiently large $n$.
We combine two generalizations of ordinary Turán problems. Given graphs $H$ and $F$ and a positive integer $n$, we study $rex(n, H, F )$, which is the largest number of copies of $H$ in $F$-free regular $n$-vertex graphs.
Given graphs $H$ and $F$, $\mathrm{ex}(n,H,F)$ denotes the largest number of copies of $H$ in $F$-free $n$-vertex graphs. Let $χ(H)<χ(F)=r+1$. We say that $H$ is $F$-Turán-stable if the following holds. For any $\varepsilon>0$ there exists $δ>0$ such that if an $n$-vertex $F$-free graph $G$ contains at least $\mathrm{ex}(n,H,F)-δn^{|V(H)|}$ copies of $H$, then the edit distance of $G$ and the $r$-partite Turán graph is at most $\varepsilon n^2$. We say that $H$ is weakly $F$-Turán-stable if the same holds with the Turán graph replaced by any complete $r$-partite graph $T$. It is known that such stability implies exact results in several cases. We show that complete multipartite graphs with chromatic number at most $r$ are weakly $K_{r+1}$-Turán-stable. Answering a question of Morrison, Nir, Norin, Rzażewski and Wesolek positively, we show that for every graph $H$, if $r$ is large enough, then $H$ is $K_{r+1}$-Turán-stable. Finally, we prove that if $H$ is bipartite, then it is weakly $C_{2k+1}$-Turán-stable for $k$ large enough.
An abstract simplicial complex $\mathbf{F}$ is a non-uniform hypergraph without isolated vertices, whose edge set is closed under taking subsets. The extremal number $\mathrm{ex}(n,\mathbf{F})$ is defined as the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex $\mathbf{F}$-free simplicial complex. Although Turán-type problems for simplicial complexes have long appeared in extremal set theory, a systematic study of $\mathrm{ex}(n,\mathbf{F})$ was initiated only recently by Conlon, Piga, and Schülke. In contrast to uniform hypergraphs, even the order of magnitude of $\mathrm{ex}(n,\mathbf{F})$ remains unknown for most simplicial complexes. In this paper, we present a general framework for estimating $\mathrm{ex}(n,\mathbf{F})$ via generalised Turán numbers of associated hypergraphs. Using this approach, we determine the asymptotic behaviour, and in some cases the exact value, of $\mathrm{ex}(n,\mathbf{F})$ for broad classes of simplicial complexes, extending a result of Conlon, Piga, and Schülke. We also exhibit simplicial complexes whose extremal numbers are not governed by the corresponding generalised Turán numbers, and determine their extremal numbers asymptotically. In addition, we study how the extremal number changes when a new edge is added to the forbidden simplicial complex, and obtain a tight bound for this behaviour.
In this paper, we study extremal and stability problems for Berge Hamiltonian cycles in $r$-uniform hypergraphs under a minimum degree condition. Let $ g_r(n,t)=\binom{n-t}{r}+t\binom{t}{r-1}$, and let $t=t(k)$ be the unique integer satisfying $\binom{t-1}{r-1}<k\le \binom{t}{r-1}$. Using a sharp Pósa-type degree sequence theorem of Salia, we prove an extremal upper bound on the number of hyperedges in an $n$-vertex $r$-uniform hypergraph with minimum degree at least $k$ and with no Berge Hamiltonian cycle. We also prove a stability theorem in the dense range before the first minimizer of $g_r(n,t)$: every near-extremal example is contained in one of two natural non-Hamiltonian constructions.
Let $\mathcal{F}_5$ denote the $3$-uniform hypergraph on the vertex set $\{f_1,f_2,\dots,f_5\}$ with hyperedges $\{f_1f_2f_3,f_1f_2f_4,f_3f_4f_5\}$. Recently, Balogh, Clemen and Luo determined the Turán number of a one-vertex blow-up of $\mathcal{F}_5$, more specifically, they blow up the vertex $f_5$ to $t$ vertices, the resulting hypergraph is denoted by $\mathcal{F}_5(f_5;t)$. They show that for infinitely many $t$, $\mathcal{F}_5(f_5;t)$ has exponentially many extremal constructions and positive Turán density. In this paper, we determine the exact Turán number of the hypergraph obtained by blowing up $f_3$ of $\mathcal{F}_5$ to $t$ vertices and show that it also has exponentially many extremal constructions. We also give a general upper bound and lower bound of the Turán number of every blow-up of $\mathcal{F}_5$. For some special blow-ups of $\mathcal{F}_5$, for example, $t$-disjoint copies of $\mathcal{F}_5$, we determine the exact Turán number. We construct a hypergraph $\mathcal{F}_{sim}(t)$ which is a subgraph of a blow-up of $\mathcal{F}_5$, and is contained in the hypergraph obtained by adding any new hyperedge to the Turán hypergraph (the balanced complete $3$-partite hypergraph), but its extremal construction is not the Turán hypergraph. We also determine the exact Turán number of $\mathcal{F}_{sim}(t)$.
Given a graph $F$, a Berge copy of $F$ (Berge-$F$ for short) is a hypergraph obtained by enlarging the edges arbitrarily. Győri, Salia and Zamora determined the maximum number of hyperedges in a connected $r$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices containing no Berge path of length $k-1$ for all $k\geq 2r+14$ and sufficiently large $n$, and asked for the minimum $k_0$ such that this extremal number holds for all $k\geq k_0$. In this paper, we prove that the extremal number holds for all $k\geq 2r+2$ and fails for $k\le 2r+1$, thereby completely resolving the problem posed by Győri, Salia and Zamora. Moreover, we improve the result of Füredi, Kostochka and Luo, who determined the maximum number of hyperedges in a $2$-connected $n$-vertex $r$-uniform hypergraph containing no Berge cycle of length at least $k$ for all $k\geq 4r$ and sufficiently large $n$, by showing that this extremal number holds for all $k\geq 2r+2$ and fails for $k\le 2r+1$. Our approach reduces Berge-Turán problems to classical extremal graph theory problems, and applies recent work of Ai, Lei, Ning and Shi concerning the feasibility of graph parameters and the Kelmans operation.
Given a hypergraph $F$, what is the largest chromatic number that an $F$-free hypergraph can have? In the case of graphs, this question is easy to answer: the chromatic number is unbounded if $F$ contains a cycle, and the largest chromatic number of $F$-free graphs is $k-1$ if $F$ is a forest on $k$ vertices. The situation is more complicated for hypergraphs. The strong coloring of a hypergraph is a coloring of the vertices such that every hyperedge is rainbow. The weak coloring of a hypergraph is a coloring of the vertices such that no hyperedge is monochromatic. The strong/weak chromatic number of a hypergraph is the minimum number of colors in a strong/weak coloring of the hypergraph. Our question has been completely answered for the weak chromatic number, similarly to the graph case. We characterize the hypergraphs $F$ such that $F$-free hypergraphs have bounded strong chromatic number. The only remaining case is when $F$ is the 3-uniform expansion $S_k^+$ of a star with $k$ edges. Concerning the strong chromatic number of $S_k^+$-free hypergraphs, we give bounds that are asymptitically sharp as $k\rightarrow\infty$. We also consider the same problem when the Berge copies of a graph $F$ are forbidden. We characterize when the strong/weak chromatic numbers are bounded in this case, and obtain sharp results or bounds for specific trees. In particular, when $F$ is a path, we give a tight bound when $r=3$ and an asymptotically sharp bound when $r=4$.
Let $\mathcal{H}$ be a hypergraph and $F$ be a graph. If there exists a bijection between the hyperedges of $\mathcal{H}$ and the edges of $F$ such that each hyperedge contains its image, then we say that $\mathcal{H}$ is a \textit{Berge copy} of $F$, and the collection of Berge copies of $F$ is denoted by Berge-$F$. Given $r$-graphs $\mathcal{F}$ and $\mathcal{H}$, the generalized hyper-Turán number $\text{ex}_r(n, \mathcal{H}, \mathcal{F})$ is the maximum number of copies of $\mathcal{H}$ in $n$-vertex $\mathcal{F}$-free $r$-graphs. We study $\text{ex}_r(n, \mathcal{H}, \text{Berge-}F)$. For general $\mathcal{H}$, we connect this problem to counting copies of the shadow graph of $\mathcal{H}$ in $F$-free graphs and obtain several exact results. In particular, we show that for any hypergraph $\mathcal{H}$, if $k$ is sufficiently large, then $\text{ex}_r(n, \mathcal{H}, \text{Berge-}K_k)$ is achieved by the balanced complete $(k-1)$-partite $r$-graph, generalizing a result of Morrison, Nir, Norin, Rza{ż}ewski and Wesolek [\textit{Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B}, 162 (2023) 231--243] to the case of hypergraphs. We show that $\text{ex}_r(n,K_s^r,\text{Berge-}F)\le \text{ex}_s(n,\text{Berge-}F)$ and present sufficient conditions for equality. We also consider the connected generalized Turán number for Berge paths.
The abstract chromatic number was introduced by Razborov and Coregliano in 2020 in using the language of model theory, and was used to extend the Erd\H os-Stone-Simonovits theorem to graphs with extra structures. A purely combinatorial version was introduced by Gerbner, Hama Karim and Kucheriya in 2026, who also showed that in addition to the asymptotic bound on the Turán number, the abstract chromatic number determines the asymptotics of several other Turán-type functions. We observe that the chromatic number is used here due to its special role in determining the asymptotics of the Turán number. For other extremal functions, other graph parameters may play a similar role and let us extend results in a similar fashion. We prove the appropriate generalizations and show two examples where this happens.
We say that a set system $\mathcal{F}$ is $k$-completely hyperseparating if for any vertex $v$, there are at most $k$ sets in $\mathcal{F}$ with intersection $\{v\}$. We determine the minimum size of such set systems on an $n$-element underlying set, generalizing a very recent result for $k=2$ by Batíková, Kepka, and Nemĕc. We say that $\mathcal{F}$ is $k$-hyperseparating if for any vertex $v$, there are at most $k$ sets in $\mathcal{F}$ such that no other vertex is contained by exactly the same sets out of these $k$ sets. We determine the minimum size of $2$-hyperseparating set systems on an $n$-element underlying set.
A Berge path of length $k$ in an $r$-uniform hypergraph is a collection of $k$ hyperedges $h_1,\dots,h_k$ and $k+1$ vertices $v_1,\dots,v_{k+1}$ such that $v_i, v_{i+1}\in h_i$ for each $1\le i\le k$. Győri, Katona and Lemons [\textit{European J. Combin. 58 (2016) 238--246}] generalized the Erdős-Gallai theorem to Berge paths and established bounds for the Turán number of Berge paths. However, these bounds are sharp only when some divisibility conditions hold. Gy\H ori, Lemons, Salia and Zamora [\textit{J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 148 (2021) 239--250}] determined the exact value of the Turán number of Berge paths in the case $k\le r$. In this paper, we settle the final open case $k>r$, thereby completing the determination of the Turán number of Berge paths.
The oriented Turán number of a given oriented graph $\overrightarrow{F}$, denoted by $\exo(n,\overrightarrow{F})$, is the largest number of arcs in $n$-vertex $\overrightarrow{F}$-free oriented graphs. This concept could be seen as an oriented version of the classical Turán number. In this paper, we first prove several propositions that give exact results for several oriented graphs. In particular, we determine all exact values of $\exo(n,\overrightarrow{F})$ for every oriented graph $\overrightarrow{F}$ with at most three arcs and sufficiently large $n$. After that, we prove a stability result and use it to determine the Turán number of an orientation of $C_4$. Finally, we prove oriented versions of the random zooming theorem by Fernández, Hyde, Liu, Pikhurko and Wu and the almost regular subgraph theorem by Erdős and Simonovits, and use them to obtain an oriented version of the Füredi-Alon-Krivelevich-Sudakov Theorem, which generalizes the famous KST Theorem.
We study the number of distance queries needed to identify certain properties of a hidden tree $T$ on $n$ vertices. A distance query consists of two vertices $x,y$, and the answer is the distance of $x$ and $y$ in $T$. We determine the number of queries an optimal adaptive algorithm needs to find two vertices of maximal distance up to an additive constant, and the number of queries needed to identify the hidden tree asymptotically. We also study the non-adaptive versions of these problems, determining the number of queries needed exactly.
For a graph $F$, an $r$-uniform hypergraph $H$ is a Berge-$F$ if there is a bijection $ϕ:E(F)\rightarrow E(H)$ such that $e\subseteq ϕ(e)$ for each $e\in E(F)$. Given a family $\mathcal{F}$ of $r$-uniform hypergraphs, an $r$-uniform hypergraph is $\mathcal{F}$-free if it does not contain any member in $\mathcal{F}$ as a subhypergraph. The Turán number of $\mathcal{F}$ is the maximum number of hyperedges in an $\mathcal{F}$-free $r$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices. In this paper, some exact and general results on the Turán numbers for several types of Berge forests are obtained.
For fixed graphs $H$ and $F$, the \emph{generalized Turán number} $\mathrm{ex}(n,H,F)$ is the maximum possible number of copies of a subgraph $H$ in an $n$-vertex $F$-free graph. This article is a survey of this extremal function whose study was initiated in an influential 2016 article by Alon and Shikhelman (\emph{J. Combin. Theory, B}, {\bf 121}, 2016).
We study the number of queries needed to identify a monotone Boolean function $f:\{0,1\}^n \rightarrow \{0,1\}$. A query consists of a 0-1-sequence, and the answer is the value of $f$ on that sequence. It is well-known that the number of queries needed is $\binom{n}{\lfloor n/2\rfloor}+\binom{n}{\lfloor n/2\rfloor+1}$ in general. Here we study a variant where $f$ has $k$ ``reasons'' to be 1, i.e., its disjunctive normal form has $k$ conjunctions if the redundant conjunctions are deleted. This problem is equivalent to identifying an upfamily in $2^{[n]}$ that has exactly $k$ minimal members. We find the asymptotics on the number of queries needed for fixed $k$. We also study the non-adaptive version of the problem, where the queries are asked at the same time, and determine the exact number of queries for most values of $k$ and $n$.
For a family of graphs $\cF$, a graph is called $\cF$-free if it does not contain any member of $\cF$ as a subgraph. Given a collection of graphs $(G_1,\ldots,G_t)$ on the same vertex set $V$ of size $n$, a rainbow graph on $V$ is obtained by taking at most one edge from each $G_i$. We say that a collection is rainbow $\cF$-free if it contains no rainbow copy of any member of $\cF$. In this paper, we study the maximum values of $min_{i\in [t]}|E(G_i)|$, $\sum_{i=1}^{t}|E(G_i)|$ and $\prod_{i=1}^{t}|E(G_i)|$ among rainbow $\{F,M_{s+1}\}$-free collections $(G_1,\ldots,G_t)$ on $n$ vertices.